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Wave Interference

The document discusses wave interference and provides information about key concepts. It will cover the principle of superposition of waves, constructive and destructive interference, and using path difference formulas to solve examples. Key wave characteristics like displacement, amplitude, period, frequency, wavelength and intensity are defined. Constructive interference occurs when waves are in phase and double the amplitude, while destructive interference happens when waves are out of phase and their amplitudes cancel out. The conditions for constructive and destructive interference depend on whether the waves are in or out of phase, and can be determined using path differences and their relation to phase differences.

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Mahi Shah
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15 views38 pages

Wave Interference

The document discusses wave interference and provides information about key concepts. It will cover the principle of superposition of waves, constructive and destructive interference, and using path difference formulas to solve examples. Key wave characteristics like displacement, amplitude, period, frequency, wavelength and intensity are defined. Constructive interference occurs when waves are in phase and double the amplitude, while destructive interference happens when waves are out of phase and their amplitudes cancel out. The conditions for constructive and destructive interference depend on whether the waves are in or out of phase, and can be determined using path differences and their relation to phase differences.

Uploaded by

Mahi Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WAVE

INTERFERENCE
Jan 2023
FOR TODAY
UNDERSTAND THE PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION OF WAVES
STUDY CONSTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE OF WAVES, PATH DIFFERENCE
AND COHERENCE
USE THE FORMULAE OF PATH DIFFERENCE TO PRACTISE PLENTY OF EXAMPLES ON
CONSTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
WAVE CHARACTERISTICS
Displacement

Amplitude

Period

Frequency

Wavelength

Intensity
WAVE CHARACTERISTICS
Displacement: The change that has occurred as a result of a wave passing
a particular point.
Amplitude: It is the maximum displacement from the mean position
(equilibrium position)
Period: It is the time taken for one complete oscillation.

Frequency: It is the number of oscillations in one second.

Wavelength: It is the shortest distance along the wave between two points
that are in phase with one another.
Intensity:It is the power per unit area that is received by the observer.
WAVE CHARACTERISTICS
WAVE CHARACTERISTICS
(5MINS)

https://jamboard.google.com/d/192hje3DkKbZ5BtrGa0CX8vpGSSmLHm1-
3yIuZNI4OB8/edit?usp=sharing
INTERFERENCE
INTERFERENCE
INTERFERENCE
SUPERPOSITION
vector sum the two individual waves' displacement
INTERFERENCE
SUPERPOSITION

vector sum the two individual waves' displacement


RESULTING WAVE
SUPERPOSITION
INTERFERENCE
When two waves of the same type meet, they interfere.

We can use the principle of superposition to work out the resulting wave.

The overall disturbance at any point and at any time where the waves
meet is the vector sum of the disturbances that each of the individual
waves would have produced.
SUPERPOSITION (5 MINS)
INTERFERENCE
INTERFERENCE
INTERFERENCE

The vector sum of the two waves' maximum displacement


At the highest position
Double the amplitude
INTERFERENCE
INTERFERENCE
INTERFERENCE

The vector sum of the two waves' displacement


As one is up the other one is down, they cancel each other
Zero amplitude
This situation, where the resultant wave is bigger than
either of the two original, is called
constructive interference => double of the amplitude

The sum of two waves can be less than either wave,


alone, and can even be zero. This is called
destructive interference => zero amplitude
CONDITION FOR CI
Start in phase
in step with one another
CONDITION FOR CI
Start in phase
CONDITION FOR CI
Start in phase
CONDITION FOR CI
Start in phase Path Differences between the two waves
Path difference is the difference in the path traversed
by the two waves

Zeor

One wavelength

Two wavelength
CONDITION FOR CI
conversion equation Path Differences to Phase differences
The phase difference is the difference in the phase
angle of the two waves

Zeor
Path difference Phase difference

One wavelength

Two wavelength
CONDITION FOR CI
conversion equation Path Differences to Phase differences
The phase difference is the difference in the phase
angle of the two waves

Zeor 0
Path difference Phase difference

One wavelength 2pi radian


or 360 degree

Two wavelength 4pi radian


or 720 degree
CONDITION FOR CI
Start in phase Start out of phase
Exactly out of steps
CONDITION FOR CI
Start out of phase Path Differences to Phase differences

1/2 wavelength pi radian


or 180 degree

1+1/2 wavelength 3pi radian


or 540 degree

2+1/2 wavelength 5pi radian


or 900 degree
CONDITION FOR CI
Start in phase Start out of phase
CONDITION FOR DI
(GROUP ACTIVITY)
You may start by sketching the waveform out for clearer visualization
Destructive interference (in our case we are keen on the boundary
condition)
two wave cancels each other
amplitude = 0
There are two different starting conditions:
in phase
out of phase
You can express and explain your conclusion on the conditions for DI
in any form. (you may also refer to the table in the previous slide)
CONDITION FOR DI
Start in phase Start out of phase
Let's summarise the concept
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