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System Engineering

This document provides an introduction to systems engineering. It defines a system as a complex combination of interrelated resources that fulfill a designated need. It discusses different types of systems and characteristics of systems. It also outlines the key elements and life cycle of a system. The document introduces systems engineering as an interdisciplinary process that ensures customer needs are satisfied throughout a system's entire life cycle in an efficient manner.

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William Bautista
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210 views21 pages

System Engineering

This document provides an introduction to systems engineering. It defines a system as a complex combination of interrelated resources that fulfill a designated need. It discusses different types of systems and characteristics of systems. It also outlines the key elements and life cycle of a system. The document introduces systems engineering as an interdisciplinary process that ensures customer needs are satisfied throughout a system's entire life cycle in an efficient manner.

Uploaded by

William Bautista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IENG 135: SYSTEM ENGINEERING

gmcastillo
Outline
 Topic 1: Introduction to Systems Engineering
 Topic 2: The System Engineering Process
 Topic 3: System Design Requirements
 Topic 4: Engineering Design Methods and Tools
 Topic 5: Design Review and Evaluation
 Topic 6: System Engineering Program Planning
 Topic 7: Organization for system engineering
 Topic 8: System engineering program evaluation
Topic 1: Introduction to Systems Engineering

 “System Engineering”
The orderly process of bringing a system into
being. A “system” comprises a complex combination
of resources (in the form of human beings, materials,
equipment, software, facilities, data, information,
services, etc.), integrated in such a manner as to
fulfill a designated need.
 A system is developed to accomplish a specific function,
or series of functions, and may be classified as:
1. Natural system
2. Human-made system
3. Physical system
4. Conceptual system
5. Closed-loop system
6. Open-loop system
7. Static system
8. Dynamic system
 System may vary in form, fit, and/or function:
A group of aircraft accomplishing a mission at a
specific geographical location
 A communication network for distributing information on
a worldwide basis
 A power distribution capability involving waterways
and electrical power generating units
 Manufacturing facilities that produces x products in a
designated time frame
The Current Environment
 Good understanding of the overall “environment” is
certainly a prerequisite in the successful
implementation of system engineering principles
and concepts.
 The trends in Figure 1 are interrelated and need to
be addressed “in total” and as an integrated set in
determining the requirements for systems and in the
implementation of the system engineering process
The Current Environment

Constantly Changing
Increasing Globalization
Requirements

More Emphasis on “Systems” Greater International


(Versus Components) Competition

Increasing System Complexities The Current More Outsourcing (Multiple


(Evolving Technology Changes) Environment Prime/Supplier Teams)

Extended System Life Cycles Eroding Industrial Base


(Shorter Technology Changes) (Dwinding Resources)
Greater Utilization of
Higher Overall Life-Cycle
Commercial Off-the-Shelf
(COTS) Products Costs

Figure 1. The Current Environment


The Current Environment
Figure 2. The cost impact due to changes

Current practices
Cost of Design changes

Desired practices

Conceptual Preliminary Detail Design and Production and/or


Design Design Development construction
Major program phases
The Current Environment

High life-cycle
cost
Low System
•Research, design, and Effectiveness
development cost
•Construction cost •System performance
•Production cost •Availability, dependability,
•System operation cost reliability, maintainability, and
•Maintenance and support cost supportability
•Retirement, material recycling, •Constructability and producibility
and disposal cost •Disposability
•Other technical factors

Figure 3. The imbalance between system cost and effectiveness factors


The Current Environment

Acquisition Costs Poor Management


(research, design, test,
construction, production)

Costs due to system


operations Costs due to
maintenance and life
cycle support
Costs due to system (personnel, spares, test
effectiveness and/or equipment, facilities,
performance losses data, computer
resources)
Costs due to retirement
(material recycling or
disposal)
Figure 4. Total Cost Visibility
Definition of System
 “Systêma” (Greek) = “organized whole”
 “Regularly interacting or interdependent group of items
forming a unified whole” – Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate
Dictionary
 “A composite of equipment, skills and techniques capable
of performing and/or supporting an operational role. A
complete system includes all equipment, related facilities,
material, software, services, and personnel required for
its operation and support to the degree that it can be
considered self sufficient unit in its intended environment”
(MIL-STD-499)
Definition of System
 *A “system” is a construct or collection of different
elements that together produce results not obtainable
by the elements alone. The elements or parts, can
include people, hardware, software, facilities, policies,
and documents; that is, all things required to produce
system-level results. The results include system-level
qualities, properties, characteristics, functions, behavior,
and performance. The value added by the system as a
whole, beyond that contributed independently by the
parts, is primarily created by the relationship among
the parts; that is, how they are interconnected.

*Defined by International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)


 General characteristics of a system:
A system constitutes a complex combination of resources
in the form of human beings, materials, equipment,
software, facilities, data, money, etc.
 A system is contained within some form of hierarchy

 A system may be broken down into subsystems and


related components, extent of which depends on
complexity and the functions being performed.
 A system must have a purpose
Categories of Systems
 Natural and man-made systems
came into being through natural processes like river
system, energy system, hydroelectric power system
 Physical and conceptual systems
Physical systems are those made up of real components
occupying space while conceptual systems can be
organization of ideas, sets of plans, etc.
Categories of Systems
 Static and dynamic systems
Static system is having structure but without activity such
as bridge and warehouse. A dynamic system is one
that combines structural components with activity such as
manufacturing facility, conveyors, workers, etc.
 Closed and open-loop systems
A closed loop system is one that is relatively self
contained and does not significantly interact with its
environment (electrical circuit) while open loop systems
interacts with its environment (system logistic support).
The System Framework
CONSTRAINTS
Technology Economic
Social Political
Environmental

SYSTEM
INPUT Transportation Communications
OUTPUT
Identification of Mfg. plant power distribution
A system that will
consumer Information proc. Water reuse and dist. respond to a
requirements; i.e. Waste disposal Satellite/Space consumer need in an
“need” University/Coll. Chem. Proc. Plant effective and
Office Complex efficient manner
Electrical, Electronic, Mechanical
Other functional entities

MECHANISMS
Human Equipment
Facilities/Data Materials
Maintenance Support
Major Elements of a System
 Prime operating equipment
 Operating software
 Technical training
 Test and support equipment
 Maintenance software
 Maintenance data
 Supply support (spares/inventory)
 Operating personnel
 Consumable resources
 Transportation and handling equipment
 Maintenance personnel
 Technical data
 Maintenance facilities
Identified
Need

Production Retirement
Design and Operational Use and
and/or and material
Development Maintenance Support
Construction disposal

Feedback

Figure 6. The System Life Cycle


System Engineering
 “System engineering is an engineering discipline whose
responsibility is to create and execute an
interdisciplinary process to ensure that the customer and
stakeholder’s needs are satisfied in a high-quality,
trustworthy, and cost and schedule efficient manner
throughout a system’s entire life cycle. This process is
usually comprised of the following seven tasks: State the
problem; Investigate the alternatives; Model the system;
Integrate; Launch the system; Assess the performance;
and Re-evaluate (SIMILAR). The systems engineering
process is not sequential. The functions are performed in
a parallel and iterative manner. “ - INCOSE
System engineering is good engineering with
certain designated areas of emphasis as follows:
 A top down approach is required, viewing the
system as a whole.
 A life cycle orientation is required, addressing all
the phases to include system design, development,
production, construction, distribution, operation,
sustaining maintenance and support, and retirement
and disposal phaseout.
 A better and more complete effort is required relative
to the initial identification of system requirements,
relating these requirements to specific design goals, the
development of appropriate design criteria, and the
follow-on analysis effort to ensure the effectiveness of
early decision making in the design process.
 An interdisciplinary effort (or team approach) is
required throughout the system design and
development process to ensure that all design
objectives are met in an effective manner.

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