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Tutorial 1 Sample Solutions

Internal combustion engine

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161 views12 pages

Tutorial 1 Sample Solutions

Internal combustion engine

Uploaded by

Cubbie Jay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ME 329 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. ‘TUTORIAL 1 - 202122 1. The compression ratio of a single cylinder engine working on Dual cycle with 250mm ho and 300mm stroke is 9, Some heat is supplied to the engine during the constant volume proce to raise the pressure in the cylinder to 6 MPa, while the pressure and temperature of air att beginning of the cycle are 100 kPa and 30° C. Additional heat is added during the const pressure process up to 4% of the stroke, Assume the specific heat capacities of ar at consti volume and at constant pressure to be 0.71 ki(kg.K) and 1.0 kI/(kg.K), respectively, calculat (a) The tote amount of heat supplied perkilogramme tothe engine, (1,352.4 kd} (b) The corresponding amount of heat that is rejected from the engine. (647.2 bi) (6) What isthe corresponding mean effective pressure? (61.5 MPa) (d) Calculate the maximum thermal efficiency that can theoretically be attained with the Dual cycle engine. (58.3%) © O24 45%) + 0¢ 208 (0214-986.5) + $1(2666.2- 02.4) = = 1552.4 kT "3 2 Vs eaeeiaaeoee = 0.00184 mo? (pend Go ge) ve tele = Sh T, Sp = Fasax 24> 202-4 K expannon rahe gy B= See a 2H ep aa 52 (B= € MPa given) a i 2 Pa = K 199000 x4". 2,215,5: foe (Pz tooxha-gn) Te ee 202.4413 2 2668.2K V, = 0:0024286. 1,32 Cutoft aa Vv 0.00184 4 = 00024286 V2 0.04 V+ Me = Ooka on Tad const OOPS Yerecennies ne © 42% (Te-T) = 0.41 (izi4.c- 30%) = ise fp.00 24286 \"_ 214° K whee, M4 \! (o.co2 = 2 Vee =Mr% = 0.016924 6.00184 = 0.0165 oy = Mtl We Gn Ge_ 15524- GY CLs MR (Oo Mepis aap RG gue 2, i Mi &- GHZ 2 0,583 = S$3% ee eres 2. The compression ratio of a single cylinder engine working on Diesel cycle with 250mm bore and 300mm stroke is 16. ‘The maximum pressure in the eylinder is limited to 6 MPa, while the Pressure and temperature of air at the beginning of the eycle are 100 kPa and 30° C. Heat is added during constant pressure process up to 7.5% of the stroke. Assume the specifi capacities of air at constant volume and at Kil(kg.K), respectively, calculate: ie heat ‘onstant pressure to be 0.71 kii(kg.K) and 1.0 (@) The amount of heat supplied per kilogramme to the engine, (b) The corresponding amount of heat that is rejected from the engine, (407.3 kd) (©), What isthe corresponding mean effective pressure? (445 MPa) (4) Calculate the maximum thermal effiieney that can theoretically be attained with the Dual cycle engine (61.7%) e) O2 ep (T-, )=14(2i-944)= 1002 KT, ) What will be the new volumetric efficiency of the engine? (82.1%) By=G,= Sma 3 Q=domm, L=1Somm Wy Sg,z 2mm ys MyaYeat Me Gwear N=4 Viz z04l S07 & ne ae 0.000094 ~ 0.000017 2 = 6:0000 606 m 0.000394 _ 9 000973 m* if} S, = Sx 0-108 0.8) a « g = 0000795 we q is an oveesquart (@/s. 7) wick i | thus easier cto abetenate Grd bene the lence lecded fuel ie te be banned, IE etter a Square Yan Undsrsquext detenaten wt £&=£, Hewavar, te She te Wa=2.2)'8, FE the Connecting “The gin engine more alig{ranlt coe! use of tended uel ts cabal te in tee luce engine sy rte the egtect ok el wd withent Lnded fret. ‘ Beni ona Uemsted L a ah ts cintsined Gnotanty Sitar eet 1SO = oR... C82 y + wens egies an undirsajusce emgine $7 10S mre, thud vals of S. alo S —10F Lom, Inereese tee Stake will increase PISO sexed, with the ria du chine engine life, increcse In Fochon oe ae peeeas SRR Woke atcelecthon tents tan Kew feress vflsla Bee letter Will nutes fuel Gn fume hen and Peeahally reduce pete orteub, fewer, dev betsy Cooking /low ovirheshing assoc'eted woth Busequaee engint and because of the vemowak og Lad tn Hee feet Wale mrintining Same Com priser ihe, we take values clog & the upper extreme, Cay cfar from eversqusk engine 8, = 10} mm . Va 0.00304 = 9 g2p= S21 wy p= = 28 vy Ne Ven Ly v0, 000526 where TPZ ¢ sie 01Syo.loF=0.000926 mé ay > Ven 9.000926 0 gov0 926m 5. A three-ltre capacity 6-cylinder engine four-stroke square Compression Ignition (CI) engine has a compression ratio of 18 and piston speed of 8.5 m/s. Ite engine consumes air at amass flow rate of 0.755 kg/min, caleulate: (@) The volumetic efficiency, assuming atmospheric air density is 1.2 kg/m’. (84.9%) (b) The amount of heat supplied i diesel with a heating value of 45 Mk is injected, assuming that a fuel to ar ratio of 0.0775 i realised during combustion. (1.8 ki) (©) The mechanical efficiency of the engine if the power required to compensate for pumping work as well as mechanical friction and driving of the various auxiliary equipment is 25% ofthe brake power. (80%) Given: Vege Pt (0.03mi), N2C; EF18; r ase = 0-755 5 £= 00795, @, = 45 ME it % gel2 a Geoa ks Squoe Bint 72 Ses = pu arms . 84.1% 2 on SNe boven x 216° when, Nez Sore Cox 8S 2295 hm 2s 2 x 0.084 ve qx0-0005, & oa] AYE = J 8 a Bug Sm _ Ms 00° Me Mog 2 2:22? 2 9. 0005 mm® ¢ on The other hand ace ae rs? viz Hets= ES fer Suse o engine (by Heat Supplied cbfaine dd from b= MO whe, m,- Maw of feel = neoerorno.c7as4 oe Q,- Hesking Voie 21986 Ts Mp2 Ma: £ ke * A whic ee Ma _ 2x OFPB_ 0.000505 PET AP SHE cao on, 8 _f& . 8 eee zs gin peje pais Bees Nf woot at Py P +0005 P las 60% i) Z M 6. A four-stroke Spark Ignition (SI) engine is running at 2000 RPM. The Inlet Valve opens at 15 CAD BTDC and closes at 35 CAD ABDC, while the Exhaust Valve opens at 40 CAD BBDC and closes at 20 CAD ATDC. (a) Draw the valve timing diagram clearly showing all the prescribed valves events. (b) Explain the reason why the intake stroke does not start at TDC and closing at BDC, and the exhaust stroke not starting at BDC and closing at TDC as in corresponding Air Standard Cycle? Provide the explanation for each of the four events. (©) What is the valve overlap duration in seconds, i.e., duration during which both the inlet and exhaust valves stay open? (2.92 ms) Gwen: 4S engines Ny 20008, Inlet Vale. Open (Wo) = 16 cA® Bbc; Inlet Valve Clase (Vc) = 250 Awdc; Exhaust Nalve Oper (Eve) @ Velte teving eager = Woe (6) Vales donor open ana clese nk TDC and BBC te tke care of medhamta] Aner tsa, sls liging and closing do aveld wear, breskcage as well as alr/ Avel_mocture Inictis dv Combust and for allewing adequate epubsion of exhanst gare farm the engine, 2 VO allows mer ange (fresh) bey te tine the piston is at TDC, eV Callens mare charge (ceresh) by inertia of Flowing moxt 2 EVO increrses overall effiends by Akiveasiag werkidens 4 forties Ook -the bwvned gases5. EVE heles scavenging of burned geses atthe clearance values «VO as: vaddibon te Hs ninbuhen hema Valve etnt y dh cael exhaust valve © _VO in cap = Wo-+ EVE> 15420 =35 CHD 6 Vo = Mas Sx = 609939 < air Ne B 60% 2000 - ‘A four-stroke Spark Ignition (SI) engine has spark timing at 10 CAD BTDC at an engine speed of 1600 RPM and all the mixture is observed to be consumed by the combustion reactior at 20 CAD ATDC: (a) Calculate the combustion duration in CAD, if the engine speed is increased to 2400 RPM, assuming the flame speed is independent of engine RPM. (45 CAD) (b) What should be the spark timing (CAD BTDC) to maintain the end of combustion at 20 CAD ATDC, at 2400 RPM? (20 CAD) (©) What is the effects of engine speed and ignition delay period on detonation? ven: [T.,7 10 Cao BTC; ITe,=20 CAd ATDC j Ne = 1200 rpm (ovginal Stut) Criginal @nd) (Original spend) : ress Speed) @ eee rieen) in CAD if flome speed Ws independant of Ne Cp, = IT, + My> 10 +A0 = 30 CHD Co, Ne, Me i Cd,- "= 45-202 25 che BTC ; wae Sptad malin © a lncrersing engine spend wie feces ti ane mpd Za end ge ey Pecgoctgn: on possilel’ty onset) thy eee encerstare of the Uwbucnsd nah Bh sen yall alse Increese frchen and thus wr femperthark. @ co=+ Ih, 2 + p. the Amo . en tele fod wall neces the wy Inerersing bgnih aaa eocture fo auth -igribbn othe, of expen of the vnbernt de id I conelibors, | acne Fenthen delay Bee voll Ct ee inet Geeondany flame fort ive enough pat for a ‘ Pb pene Lending te expen, and pokey Pre-iqneher .ovlse 8. Isooctane (Cs His) is supplied to a 4-cylinder SI engine at an A/F ratio of 16,2. Assume the atomic weights for C = 12; H = 1; O = 16; N = 14: and one mole of air to be represented as (O2+3.76N2). (15.05) (a) What is the stoichiometric A/F ratio by mass? (b) Is the mixture lean or rich, and what is effect of the actual mixture on detonation? Provide a brief explanation on the latter response. (©) How can the effect of A/F inertia be minimized in a SI engine? Kindly elaborate your response, Gwen: lccoctmu Colts 5 Ap =162, Atomic wetghts O=12; Ha! O=16; NAIR: and one mele afar = 0+ 2.76N, 2CeH.y+ 25 (0,43, FEN2) 7 16 CO, + 18,0 + 940, ( _ 2s [ae +2960 I _ 1c oS F)- 2 [lrexa) + Ux 1€) J (B The mextire is lean. With lean moxture lear heat ts released Leading t low flame speed and cfev tit matey the end gas mall unit tee lens te cause hot spots Hrat may lead te pre! gnihon and cubsequent dendana, of efenshin from tneesme haat hanshey tthe unburned mexture. (© Ale inertha if normally minimized by Synchrnisaten of Valve events and Igniter) foef Majechon h voth the pisten posthen (crankshaft yofh=n), = In SE faite is pmad cick Hest te tentane of the Ale mexhure te detonate is mintncage, at matimum pose ble pow cutputand efficiency = la CIE Th rege te amount of frat is bajected ont Compressed aly trab has atalued Hite audteignd hon fempertture 9 the fuel and subsequint Peps mixing te mivienise th hegh sate of passue se that is poten tally to hagee at Mraximun possible pows outp-t ane effi Genay . Diesel fuel (Ci2 Has) is supplied 10 a 6-cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine at an AIF ratio of 16.2 to meet certain application. Ifthe engine is a high-speed one, the fuel is injected at 30 CAD BTDC and if it isa low speed engine the injection is timed at 15 CAD BTDC, Assume the atomic weights for C= 12; H= 1; 0 = 16; N= 14; and one mole of air to be represented as (023.76N2). (a) Indicate whether the used air-fuel mixture is lean or rich? (Lean A/F = 14.6) (b) Why the diesel fuel is injected earlier in the compression stroke contrary to the ideal constant pressure heat addition and why the injection is much earlier in high-speed CI engines than in low-speed CI engines? (©) Can the indicated fuel be used in a Spark Ignition (SI) engine? Elaborate your response, Given: Diese fuel (Cat Lengine; 216.25 21S Cae BIDC: Uy; pic mole > Og + ©The aorefuel_moshwe is Teh ig A “is lower than the _strichiememe & [()J of ctherwise The moxtere ie Kern. fam a balanar itsey fae} Combus pon 4) ~ALabrar aeRO OHT IG (Les) a 4 [Gexiey+ (4x22 ajected at Tbe ov clese te THC the fuel Sage! wall Gnbimue onsion Struc, giving less time forthe fret lending te cletressed Gombushen Sffrenty; after burning and pollutant enw ofthe oie duel mpitare, the jeu is mere prerounted mi the speed of the Cl engine. In high spect Cl easing,” Geel injedion wil have to be rmect gadis on the enpansien Ehwle toll be covered fastey, thes lesser bine for fprel te barn, Because of the ior ha © The paseribed fuel Gonnat be wood in. an Sl ecgine becawe the frel has high Cetene Numbtr, bine €nsrar _t auks amd detonate (hreci), Toa quel ts also lei velaple, Mk will negatively affect the Combustion effrvency #5 feet wll net evepourcte exsily ak He injele memgfold, thy pore muxing. 10. A four-stroke 8-cylinder Spark Ignition (SI) engine has a firing order of I-8-2-7-4-5-3-6 and is running at 2500 RPM. (a) What is the sequence of power delivery from the cylinder to the common crankshaft? (b) Complete the CAD-Cylinder events if Cylinder 3 is in power stroke as shown hereunder. Cylinder 90 180 270360450 540 630 Number 20 ijt efelel= beje ett é le c le & | & t (©) Draw the valve timing diagram for cylinder 3 and show all the valve events if the inlet valve opens at 15 CAD BTDC and stay opened for 230 CAD and exhaust valve opens at 40 CAD BBDC and stay opened for 240 CAD. € a = 1 a e (a) What is the duration of overlap of inlet and exhaust valves in milliseconds, assuming the the engine is running at 2500 RPM? (2.33 ms) A) The sequen oy pow delivery iis He iting ofoer j= 9-2-7=¢-5-2S-6 : = 720_ 7222 Jo CHy b) Ignihen Intel = at : Tz Intake (1) To Engen Pousee (P) a Expansion Exhaust (€) © d) Vl) = Seo Ne Be x 2509 11. (@) Briefly explain why in multicylinder engines the power strokes are distributed equally in one engine cycle and how is that being achieved? (b) A four-stroke 6-cylinder Spark Ignition (SI) engine has a firing order of 1-5-3-6-2-4. Complete the CAD-cylinder events below if cylinder no 6 is in the power stroke as shown, tgnthen Infawl = 320 he = aps 120 Ch Cylinder “We Number___60_ 120180240 300360 420 480, a ee ie = | € rlitty<) ele i) é te Jt tt a 1 PelTétc]| 4) In malh&hradey engines power Strokes are disty bated equally in one engine, cg cht tr impart tha engine olynarmcs oral witk a vied Pe Yedaans balanang \ Whrotm one ehin mere Sree crunming rath Smalley flgr hel.

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