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OOPs Notes

This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, abstraction, polymorphism. It includes definitions and examples of each concept. Various code links are also provided for online practice. The document encourages sharing the link to motivate and helps learn object-oriented programming concepts for placements.

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Evan Subedi
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237 views

OOPs Notes

This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, abstraction, polymorphism. It includes definitions and examples of each concept. Various code links are also provided for online practice. The document encourages sharing the link to motivate and helps learn object-oriented programming concepts for placements.

Uploaded by

Evan Subedi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Objects have state and behaviour
Eg: Dogs have state (name, colour, breed, hungry) and behaviour
(barking, fetching, wagging tail).

• An object stores its state in fields (or in variables) and exposes its
behaviour through methods.

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• A class is the blueprint of an object. When you write a
class, you are describing how the JVM should make an
object of that type.

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How to create an object ?

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Encapsulation is defined as the wrapping up of data under a single unit.
It is the mechanism that binds together code and the data it
manipulates. Another way to think about encapsulation is, it is a
protective shield that prevents the data from being accessed by the code
outside this shield.

Technically in encapsulation, the variables or data of a class is hidden


from any other class and can be accessed only through any member
function of its own class in which it is declared.

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Instance variables are declared private to prevent misuse.

Providing methods that can be used to read/write the


state rather than accessing the state directly.

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Abstraction means displaying only essential information and hiding the details.
Data abstraction refers to providing only essential information about the data to
the outside world, hiding the background details or implementation.

Consider a real life example of a man driving a car. The man only knows that
pressing the accelerators will increase the speed of car or applying brakes will stop
the car but he does not know about how on pressing accelerator the speed is
actually increasing, he does not know about the inner mechanism of the car or the
implementation of accelerator, brakes etc in the car. This is what abstraction is.

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The word polymorphism means having many forms. In simple words, we can
define polymorphism as the ability of a message to be displayed in more than
one form.

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