Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Warananagar

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Subject: Heat and Mass Transfer

For T. E. Mechanical Division A and B only

Assignment No. 1: Introduction to Heat transfer

Q1. Explain fundamental laws of different modes of heat transfer.

Q2. Write short note on Overall heat transfer coefficient.

Q3. Explain electrical analogy of heat conduction.

Q 4. Derive general heat conduction equation for unsteady state heat transfer with internal heat
generation in Cartesian co-ordinate system.

Q 5. Define critical radius of Insulation and derive its equation for cylinder.

Solve any five following problems

Q6. The composite wall of an oven consists of three materials, two of them of known
thermal conductivity, KA= 20 w/m-k and K c= 50 w/m-k and known thickness LA=
0.3 m and L c = 0.15m. The third material B, which is sandwiched between material
A and C is of known thickness L B = 0.15 m, but of unknown thermal conductivity
KB.

Under steady state operating conditions, the measurement reveals an outer surface
temperature of material C is 20 oC and inner surface of A is 600 oC and oven air
temperature is 800 oC. The inside convective coefficient is 25 w/m2k. What is value
of KB ?

1 Heat and Mass Transfer Department of Mechanical Engineering TKIET, Warananagar

Q7. Air at 90 oC flows in a copper tube ( k = 384 W/mk) of 4 cm inner diameter and with 0.6 cm
thick wall which are heated from the outside water at 125 oC. A layer of impurities (scale)
of thickness 0.3 cm thick is deposited on outer surface of the tube whose thermal
conductivity is 1.75 w/mk. This layer offers thermal resistance for heat flow. The air and
water side heat transfer coefficients are 221 and 3605 W/m2K respectively. Find the rate of
heat transfer per unit length.

. Q8. Find out heat flux (q/A) and temperature distribution in an infinite slab of thickness L
whose thermal conductivity varies linearly with temperature in the form K= Ko (1 + aT )
where ‘Ko’ and ‘a’ are constants.

Q9. A 0.8 m high and 1.5 m wide double pane window consist of two 4 mm thick layer of glass (
k =78 W/mk) separated by 10 mm wide stagnant air space (k = 0.0626 W/mk). Determine
the rate of heat transfer through this window when room is maintained at 20 oC and outside
air is at -10 oC. Take cumulative heat transfer coefficient as 10 and 40 W/m2K.

Q 10. An Aluminum Pipe carries a steam at 110 oC. The pipe (K=185 W/mk) has inner diameter
of 10 cm and outer diameter of 12 cm. The pipe is located in a room where the ambient air
temperature is 30 oC and convective heat transfer coefficient is 15 W/m2K. Determine heat
transfer rate per unit length of pipe. Neglect convective heat transfer on steam side.

Q 11. The wall of an oven is 40 cm thick having its thermal conductivity of 0.7 W/mk. The
interior surface of the oven is maintained at a temperature of 800 oC and the outside wall
temperature is 200 oC. The total surface area of wall of the oven is 2 m2. Find the thermal
resistance, heat flow rate and the heat flux.

Q 12 An aluminum pipe carries steam at 110 oC. The pipe (K: 185W/mk) has an inner diameter
10 cm and outer diameter l2 cm. The pipe is located in a room where the ambient
temperature is 30 oC and convective heat transfer coefficient 15 W/m2K. Determine heat
transfer rate per unit length of pipe. To reduce loss from pipe, it is covered with 5 cm thick
layer of insulation (K: 0.2 W/mk). Determine rate of heat loss per meter length and
percentage reduction in heat loss by the insulation. Neglect convective resistance of steam.

●-----------● ●-----------● ●-----------● ●-----------● ●------------●

2 Heat and Mass Transfer Department of Mechanical Engineering TKIET, Warananagar

Assignment No. 2: Poisson’s Equation and Unsteady state Heat transfer

Q1. Derive equation for temperature variation in unidirectional steady state heat transfer with
internal heat generation in solid cylinder

Q2. Derive equation for temperature distribution in object for unsteady state heat transfer with
negligible internal temperature gradient

Q3. Explain the Lumped heat capacity analysis

Q 4. give physical significance of Biot (Bi) and Fourier (Fo) Numbers used in unsteady state
heat transfer

Q 5. A solid copper sphere of 10 cm diameter (ρ = 8954 kg/m3, Cp = 383 J/kgK, k= 386 W/mk).
Initially at uniform temperature 250 oC, it suddenly immersed in fluid which is maintained
at uniform temperature of 50 oC. The heat transfer coefficient between sphere and fluid is
200 /.m2K. Determine the temperature of copper sphere at 5 minute after immersion.

Q 6. A 12 cm diameter long bar initially at a uniform temperature of 40 oC is placed in a medium

at 650 oC with a convective co efficient of 22 W/m2K calculate the time required for the bar
to reach 255 0C. Take k = 20 W/mK, ρ = 580 kg/m3 and Cp = 1050 J/kg K.

Q 7. A aluminum sphere mass of 5.5 kg and initially at a temperature of 290 oC is suddenly

immersed in a fluid at 15 oC with heat transfer co efficient 58 W/m2 K. Estimate the time
required to cool the aluminum to 95 oC for aluminum take ρ = 2700 kg/m3, k = 205 W/mK,
Cp = 900 J /kg K.

Q 8 Heat is generated uniformly in a stainless steel plate having K = 20 W/mk. The thickness of
plate is 1 cm and heat generation rate is 500 MW/m3. If the two sides of the plate are
maintained at 100 and 200 oC respectively, calculate

1) The temperature at the center of plate

2) Position and value of maximum temperature
3) Heat transfer rate at the left and right faces

●-----------● ●-----------● ●-----------● ●-----------● ●------------●

3 Heat and Mass Transfer Department of Mechanical Engineering TKIET, Warananagar

Assignment No. 3: Extended Surfaces

Q1. Explain the terms effectiveness and efficiency of extended surfaces

Q 2. What is pin fin and Derive differential equation for pin fin

Q 3. Give classification of extended surface based on end conditions and draws temperature
distribution for them.

Q 4. Derive equation for temperature distribution in fin with insulated end

Q 5. An aluminum rod 2.5 cm in diameter and 10cm long, protrudes from a wall which is
maintained at 250 o C. The rod is exposed to an environment at 15 o C. The convection heat
transfer coefficient is 15 W/m2K. Calculate the heat lost by rod. Assume rod end is
insulated. Take K for aluminum = 200 W/mk. Also find the fin efficiency and temperature
at the end of fin.

Q 6. One end of long rod 3 cm in diameter is inserted into furnace with outer end projecting into
the outside air. Once the steady state is reached, the temperature of rod is measured at two
points 15 cm apart and found to be 140oC and 100oC, when the atmospheric air is at 30 oC
with convection coefficient of 20 w/m2K. Calculate the thermal conductivity of rod material.

Q 7 Fins are provided to increase the rate of heat transfer from a hot surface. Which of the
following will have maximum heat transfer rate?

i) 6 fins of 10 cm length.
ii) 10 firs of6 cm length.

(Take 'k' for fin: 300 W/mK, h: 20 W/m2k, cross section area of fin : 2 cm2, perimeter : 4 cm,
Temperature of hot surface : 230 oC, Temperature of surrounding air : 30 oC)

Q 8 A long carbon steel rod of length 40 cm and diameter 10 mm (k = 40 W/mK) is placed in

such that one of its end is 400 oC and the ambient temperature is 30 oC. The flim co-efficient
is 10 w/m2K. Determine (i) Temperature at the mid length of the fin. (ii) Fin efficiency (iii)
Heat transfer rate from the fin (iv) Fin effectiveness

●-----------● ●-----------● ●-----------● ●-----------● ●------------●

4 Heat and Mass Transfer Department of Mechanical Engineering TKIET, Warananagar

Assignment No. 4: Forced and Natural Convection

Q 1. Derive governing equation for forced convection by using dimension analysis.

Q 2. What is Natural convection or Free convection and also derive governing equation for
Natural convection using Algebraic Rayleigh’s Method

Q 3. Write physical significance of following Number

a) Reynolds Number
b) Prandlt’s Number
c) Nusselt’s Number
d) Grashoff’s Number
e) Peclet Number
f) Stanton’s Number

Q 4. Air at 30 oC flows with a velocity of 2.8 m/s over a plate of length 1000 mm and
width 600 mm. the top surface of the plate is maintained at 90 oC. Calculate heat lost
by plate due to convection

Properties of air at 60 oC are

ρ= 1.06 Kg/m3, Cp = 1.005 kJ/ kgK, K= 0.2894 w/ moC, υ = 18.97 x10-6 m2/s

Pr = 0.696

Use following correlation

Nu = 0.664 Re 0.5 Pr 0.33

Q 5 A furnace 2m wide x lm high and 3m long is having its outside temperature of 100oC
while surrounding air is at 30oC. Neglecting heat loss due to radiation and convection
from base, find the rate of heat transfer from furnace surface.

Properties of air are:

Density : l.02 kg/m3

Kinematical viscosity: 18 x 10-6 m2/s,
Cp: 1005 J/kg-K,
K:0.029 W/m-K
Pr: 0.693.
Use correlations,
Nu = 0 13 (Gr.Pr) 0.35, 109 < Gr.Pr <1012
Nu = 0.15 (Gr.Pr) 0.33, 2 x 107 < Gr.Pr < 3 x 1010

5 Heat and Mass Transfer Department of Mechanical Engineering TKIET, Warananagar

Q 6 3000 Kg of water per hour is heated from 30oC to 70oC by pumping it through a heated
pipe. Diameter of tube is 25 mm and its surface temperature is 110 oC. Estimate the length
of the tube and rate of heat transfer from tube to water.

Thermophysical properties of water at 80 oC are:

Density: 972 Kg/m3,

Dynamic Viscosity: 355 x 10-6 Kg/m-s.
Cp: 4187 J/kgK
K : 0.667W/mk
Use correlations, Nu = 0.023 Re 0.8 Pr 0.33

Q 7. A vertical cylinder 2 m high and 20 cm in diameter is maintained at a temperature of 100 oC

in an atmosphere of 20 oC. Calculate the heat lost by free convection from this cylinder. The
properties of air at 600 oC are

Density : l.06 kg/m3

Dynamic viscosity: 20 x 10-6 Ns/m2,
Kinematic Viscosity: 18.97 x 10-6 m2/s
Cp: 1008 J/kg-K,
k: 0.028 W/m-K

Use correlation Nu = 0.12 (Gr.Pr) 0.33

●-----------● ●-----------● ●-----------● ●-----------● ●------------●

6 Heat and Mass Transfer Department of Mechanical Engineering TKIET, Warananagar

Assignment No 5 : Heat Exchanger

Q1. Give classification of heat exchangers

Q2. Write short note on Fouling Factor of heat exchanger

Q3. Define LMTD and Derive equation for it for Parallel flow type heat exchanger

Q4. Define following terms

a) Heat capacity ratio (C)

b) Effectiveness of heat exchanger (
c) Number of Transfer Unit (NTU)

Q 5. Derive following equation of effectiveness and NTU for counter flow type heat exchanger

●-----------● ●-----------● ●-----------● ●-----------● ●------------●

Compiled by: Prof. G. S. Kamble

TKIET, Warananagar

7 Heat and Mass Transfer Department of Mechanical Engineering TKIET, Warananagar