UNIX

SHELL FEATURES vi EDITOR REFERENCE SEARCH & GLOBAL SUBSTITUTE COMMANDS

Feature Character(s) Purpose ACCESSING THE vi EDITOR AND EDITOR MODES /<pattern> Next occurrence of <pattern>

vi <file-list>
?<pattern> Previous occurrence of <pattern> QUICK REFERENCE CARD
Redirection > Standard output (overwrites) n Repeat previous search
>> Standard output (appends) TABLE OF CONTENTS
< Standard input Command Mode: Characters typed are interpreted as vi commands. When :g/<pattern1>/s//<pattern2>/g
2> Diagnostic output (overwrites) vi is entered, Command Mode is the current mode. To Substitute <pattern1> with <pattern2> globally GENERAL COMMAND SYNTAX...................................................................1
2>> Diagnostic output (appends) enter Command Mode from Text Mode, hit the <esc> LOG IN / LOG OUT...........................................................................................1
Piping | Standard output of previous key. TEXT MODIFICATION COMMANDS SPECIAL DIRECTORIES.................................................................................1
command becomes the standard Text Mode: Characters types are entered into the file as text. A Text CONTROL CHARACTERS..............................................................................1
input of next command Entering command must be used to enter Text Mode. x Delete character under cursor DIRECTORY COMMANDS.............................................................................2
Variables <n>=<v> Assign value <v> to variable <n> r Replace character under cursor with next character typed FILE COMMANDS............................................................................................2
export <n> Export variable <n> CURSOR MOVEMENT COMMANDS R Strikeover old text beginning at cursor MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS...................................................................4
$<n> Reference the value of variable dd Delete current line PROCESS COMMANDS...................................................................................5
<n> j or  Down one line nG Line n d$ Delete from cursor to end of current line COMMON ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES....................................................5
Metacharacters * Zero or more character match in a k or  Up one line G Last line dw Delete from cursor to beginning of next word SHELL FEATURES...........................................................................................6
filename h or  Left one space 0 Beginning of line cc Change current line vi EDITOR REFERENCE..................................................................................7
? Single character match in a l or  Right one space $ End of line c$ Change from cursor to end of current line
filename ^D Down half a page ^U Up half a page cw Change word beginning at cursor
GENERAL COMMAND SYNTAX
[] Character(s) in brackets used for a ^B Back a full page ^F Forward a full page
single character match in a Delete or change commands can be preceded with a repetition factor (e.g.
COMMANDS FOR INSERTING TEXT 5dd will delete the next 5 lines). <command> [<options>] [<expression>] [<file-list>]
filename
Escape Character Escape the special meaning of
i Before cursor I Beginning of line J Join current and next lines [ ... ] Optional
the next character and treat it
a After cursor A End of line u Undo the last edit command < ... > Fill in with filename(s), etc.
simply as an ASCII character
o Open new line O Open new line U Undo all changes to line with cursor italics Quiet (not displayed to screen)
Single Quotes ’ Characters in quotes are a literal below cursor above cursor . Repeat the last edit command LOG IN LOG OUT
character string
Back Quotes ‘ Characters in quotes are a VENIX SAVING FILES AND EXITING THE EDITOR COPYING AND MOVING TEXT
command to be executed and its login: <acct-name> $ exit
result back-substituted into the :w Write the text to the file yy Yank the current line and place it in a buffer password: <password> $ ^D
string :q Exit, if no changes since the last write y$ Yank rest of the line beginning at cursor SPECIAL DIRECTORIES CONTROL CHARACTERS
Double Quotes " Characters in quotes are a literal :q! Emphatic exit, no changes written to file yw Yank the current word beginning at cursor
character string, with command :wq Write changes and exit the editor "cyy Yank the current line and place it in buffer c (c is a to z) / Root directory ^D Log out (exit shell)
substitution and variable ZZ Write changes and exit the editor p Paste contents of buffer after cursor . Current directory ^S Stop scrolling
substitution allowed :n,kw file Write lines n through k to a different file P Paste contents of buffer before cursor .. Parent directory ^Q Resume scrolling
Background cmd> & Execute <cmd> in the background :n,kw >> file Append lines n through k to a different file "cp Paste contents of buffer c after cursor ^C Kill foreground process
Process :n Next file, when editing multiple files ^Z Kill foreground process and
The yank commands can also include a repetition factor. To move text, generate core dump
delete then paste; and to copy text, yank then paste.
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DIRECTORY COMMANDS MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS PROCESS COMMANDS
FILE COMMANDS (continued)

Command Function Command Function Command Function

Command Function

cd <dir-name> Change directory date Display date and time ps [-eln/<kernel-name>] Generate a process status report
cp <file1> <file2> Copy file1 to file2 -e For all processes
ls [-ladrsixCR] [<dir-list>] List directory contents find <dir-list> <primary-list> Find the files meeting criteria in
cp <file-list> <directory> Copy files in file-list to directory -l Long listing
-l Long listing <primary-list>, where:
file <file-list> Displays the type of each file -n Alternate kernel (not venix)
-a All files -name By name
file -f file Displays the type of each file listed in file kill [-9] <pid-list> Kills the listed processes
-d Directory information -inum By inode (VENIX ONLY)
head [-n] <file-list> Display the top of the files, by default the top -9 Absolute kill (cannot be
-r Reverse alphabetic -type By file type
10 lines trapped)
-s Size in blocks -user By owner
-n Top n lines nice [-n] <cmd> [<arg-list>] Execute the command with a lower
-i I-node number -group By group
ln [-f] <file1> <file2> Link file1 to file2 priority
-x Columns across screen -print Output results
ln [-f] <file-list> <directory> Link files in file-list to directory -n Value to lower priority (1 
-C Columns down screen -o Logical OR
-f Force n  19)
-R Recursively list contents of juxtaposition
lp [-d dst] [-n num] <file-list> Prints files nohup <cmd> [<arg-list>] Make process immune to quit signals
subdirectories Logical AND
-d Alternate printer and log outs
mkdir <dir-list> Create directories ! Logical NOT
-n Number of copies
pwd Print working directory \(...\) Grouping
more <file-list> Display file contents to stdout one screen at a COMMON ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
rmdir <dir-list> Remove empty directories format [-n] <file> Format the diskette <file>
time
n No file system
space Next screen CDPATH Colon-delimited list of directories to be
FILE COMMANDS grep [-v] <reg-exp> <file-list> Search files for occurrences of <reg-
enter One line searched whenever cd is executed with
exp>, where:
[n]d n lines a directory argument specified as a
Command Function ^ Beginning of line
^D Half screen relative path name.
$ End of line
q Quit HOME Home directory. Used by cd when no
cat <file-list> Display file contents to stdout . Single character
mv [-f] <file1> <file2> Move file1 to file2 argument is given.
chgrp <group> <file-list> Change the group of files [] Single character within
mv [-f] <file-list> <directory> Move files in file-list to directory LOGNAME Name of the user logged in.
chmod <absolute> <file-list> Change permissions as specified by class
-f Force MAIL Name of the file to check for mail.
absolute (octal value) {n} Repeat n times
pg <file-list> Same as more. MAILCHECK Specifies, in seconds, how often to
chmod <symbolic> <file-list> Change permissions as specified by * Repeat zero or more
rm [-fri] <file-list> Removes files check for mail. Default is 600.
symbolic (user classes, operations, times
-f Force MAILPATH Colon-delimited list of files to be
and permissions) passwd <acct-name> Change passwords
-i Interactive checked for the arrival of mail.
User Class: u Owner su [-n] [<acct-name>] Switch effective user id
-r Recursive PATH Colon-delimited list of directories to be
g Group - Set up shell as if logged
tail [+n | -n] <file> Display end of file, by default last 10 lines searched when command is executed
o Public in
-n Last n lines using a relative path name. Current
a All tar [crxtv] [f file] <file-list> Archive backup and restore
+n Line n to end of file directory is indicated as :: or just : of it
Operation: + Add c Create new archive
wc [-cwl] <file-list> Counts characters, words, and lines of files heads the list.
- Remove r Append to archive
-c Characters PS1 Primary system prompt, default is '$'.
= Set x Extract from archive
-w Words PS2 Secondary system prompt, default is '>'.
Permission: r Read t List archive contents
-l Lines
w Write v Verbose listing
x Execute f Name of archive file
chown <owner> <file-list> Change the ownership of files follows option

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