11 V May 2023

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53204
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Implementing a Movie Recommendation System in

Machine Learning Using Hybrid Approach
Prof. Rupali Jadhav1, Snehal Inamdar2, Sakshi Karanjkar3, Ritesh Karankal4, Riya Kate5
Department of Computer Engineering, Zeal College of Engineering and Research, Pune

Abstract: In this paper, we have proposed a movie recommendation system using hybrid recommendation system. Today, there
are a lot of recommendation systems available which are practically implemented in various websites and mobile apps. Variety
exists in types of recommendation systems, user interfaces but most importantly, the accuracy of the recommendation systems.
Determining a user’s possible future preference of movie or TV shows to watch is a complex task which requires a lot of relevant
user data such as watch history of user, genres liked by the user, favorite actor or director, etc. Hence, the aim of this proposed
system is to refine the search engine and make it more enhanced and accurate in terms of prediction. The system recommends
the movies graphically based on both, user preference and similarity of individual user with other users. It also shows top rated
movies worldwide and updates the recommendation after every choice of movie or show by the user.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Recommendation System, Algorithms, Demographic Filtering, Content Based Filtering,
Collaborative Filtering, Hybrid Filtering

I. INTRODUCTION
One type of information filtering system that sorts items based on user interests is a recommendation system. The problem in
overload in recent decades has made the recommendation system an essential component of e-commerce websites and social media.
Recommendation systems have emerged in an age of information overload to help users find interesting items based on their
preferences or choices. It was used in a variety of fields, including e-commerce and online learning. Examples of such applications
include Movie Lens, Netflix, YouTube, Amazon.com, Facebook, and others evaluation of Basic Concepts. Many such information
filtering and recommendation systems exist but the success of such a system is measured by its accuracy that is, how accurately the
machine learning model can group similar users, calculate and process user ratings and reviews and recommend movies in a way
user is more likely to select it and stream the movie or the show.

II. EXISTING SYSTEM

A hybrid recommendation system works on the core idea of combining multiple recommendation approaches like Demographic
Filtering, Content-based Filtering, Item-based and User-based Filtering and Collaborative Filtering approaches. The Machine
Learning model is trained based on the past or the historic data and then provides accurate recommendation on the sample or input
data. Matrix factorization and clustering model are similar approaches used in techniques which are model-based. SVD which is
Single Value Decomposition is a popular M.F. technique that has gained significance in the Netflix price challenge' s system of
recommendations. The existing system works on a single users' rating measure and on another parameter that is the genre of the
show.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In proposed system, a combination of demographic, content-based and collaborative filtering in mainly used.

A. Demographic Filtering Approach

The meaning of the word demographic is the part of statistics that describe certain properties of data and their characteristics such as
age, gender, etc. Various movie recommendation systems use demographic filtering approach. This approach makes use of the
demographic information of system users to recommend them items matching their profile, preferences, user history, etc. The main
perk of demographic filtering approach is that it uses IMDB weighted rating algorithm or formula to calculate movie ratings. E.g.
Suppose a movie has received 8.2 rating but only has 5 votes. Such a movie cannot be considered a good movie as compared to the
one that has got 7.8 rating with 15 votes. Hence, it is evident that number of users influences the rating of the movie. Hence, the
IMBD weighted rating formula is industry standard to determine movie ratings worldwide.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 6601
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

B. Content-Based Filtering
Content-Based filtering approach in movie recommendation system uses individual user’s previous watch history and recommends
the movies or TV shows accordingly. It focuses on the user’s likes and dislikes, favorite genre, favorite directors or actors. This
information is processed by the machine learning model and the movies or shows the user is most likely to watch in the future are
recommended based on this data. The recommended results, if streamed by the user are also added to the existing user information
to refine the recommendation process. Content-Based approach uses algorithms like Cosine Similarity and TF-IDF (Term
Frequency- Inverse Document Frequency).

C. Collaborative Filtering
Collaborative filtering approach is the one which combines or pair multiple users together based on similarity between their
preference or watch history to recommend the movies. E.g. If a movie ‘X’ is a Sci-Fi, Action movie watched by two users ‘A’ and
‘B’. These two users will be paired together just because they watched the above-mentioned movie. User A might have watched it
because A might like Sci-Fi movies. On the other hand, B must’ve watched it because B likes Action movies. Also, since A and B
are now paired together, movies watched by A but not by B will be recommended to B. Same goes for user A. Collaborative
approach uses algorithms like Pearson Correlation, Matrix Factorization (MF) and Single Value Decomposition (SVD).

IV. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

V. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
The successful implementation of any machine learning system or model depends upon the quality and integrity of the data used. In
this system, TMDB dataset is used which is the standard dataset for movie recommendation systems. Basic data preprocessing
techniques are applied and the model is trained on the data. A user interface (UI) is made which will help backend communicate
with the user. The UI, which is the front-end part is a website made using HTML, CSS and Javascript. At the backend, when model
is finished training, it is connected to the front-end part using Express. Express is a NodeJS framework containing multiple ports
and inbuilt functions that effortlessly connect backend to it’s compatible front-end. The client-side communicates with server-side
using HTTP requests. The task of grouping similar users is achieved by using Pearson Correlation to mathematically group the users
in various categories to ease and proceed with the recommendations. After the models such as collaborative and content-based
filtering models are developed and evaluated for performance, a hybridization approach is used to combine the recommendations
from both the models. Weighted averaging is a common hybridization technique where recommendations from both the sides are
merged together depending upon their respective accuracies.
To integrate the recommendation system that uses TMDB API for recommendations into the MERN app, we need to obtain the API
key for TMDB in order to gain access the movie datasets and get recommendations for multiple users. The Express.js backend of

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 6602
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

the MERN app needs to be updated to handle requests and responses between the frontend and backend. The frontend of the MERN
app needs to upgraded to include a recommendation feature that can send user preferences to the backend and receive
recommendations based on them. The MongoDB database should store user and movie data, which will be used to generate
recommendations.
As for API design and communication, the API design should be RESTful, using HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and
DELETE to handle requests and responses. The API should communicate between the frontend and backend, sending
recommendations to users based on their preferences. The frontend should send a request to the backend API with the user’s
preferences, and the backend should use the TMDB API to retrieve a list of recommended movies based on those preferences. The
recommended movies can be filtered based on the user’s viewing history and rating history to provide a personalized
recommendation experience. Additional features can also be added at the frontend part i.e. UI or the website such as a chatbot for
related help, a featured cast list of the movies or TV shows under the trailer iframe of the movie which will be further aided by
Google Lens to redirect users to a Google search query on their favorite actors, latest news about them and their upcoming new
movies and shows.

VI. CONCLUSION
There are several datasets available to build a movie recommendation system. But for this project, we are going to use a dataset
that contains the metadata (cast, crew, budget, etc...) of the movie. The best dataset for this is the TMDB database namely
TMDB 5000 dataset. This project uses an algorithm for hybrid filtering recommendation system and we have applied it in the
movie recommendation system. This personalized recommendation system uses the singular value decomposition algorithm and
User- based cosine similarity algorithm; these recommend the top n movies to the active User. Along with these, other
algorithms such as Pearson Correlation and Matrix Factorization have also been used to enhance the performance of the machine
learning recommendation model.

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©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 6603