LEARNING M i Learning Module 1 in GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era |. Title: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY cr) U, Topic: 4.4 IT versus ICT 1.2 Evolution of Technology 1.3 History of Computer 4.4 Components of Computer 1.5 Why Computers are powerful 1.6 Classifying computer 1.7 Digital age, Information age and computer Age 1.8 Media in the Digital Age 1.9 Evolution of media 1.10 Overview of Current Trends 1.11 Impact of ICT on Individuals, Organizations and society 4112. Ethical issues in ICT Il Time Frame: 13 hours IV. Introduction: The concept of technology has evolved throughout the years. As the rate of human progress continues to increase, society has adapted in such a way that technology no longer, appeals to mechanical or electrical system alone. The term technology presently includes advancements in communication and how information is handled, thus, enabling governments, organizations, industries and ordinary individuals to improve on their decision- making, business processes, and everyday living. The term information and communication technology or ICT was defined in a study by Zuppo (2012) as “related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of information and various types of electronically mediated communication.” However, this definition was considered too broad that Zuppo created an ICT hierarchy to identify key aspects such as ICT in education, business, and economic sector. These classifications however contain some degree of commonality The need for devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, and tablets, is identified in all instances. This fact is pethaps due to the human need to “belong.” According to Baumeister and Leary (1995), the “belongingness hypothesis” states that people have a basic psychological need to feel closely connected to others, and that caring, affectionate bonds from close relationships are a major part of human behavior. This need can be fulfilled through the different modes of communication, be it face-to-face, online, through voice, or simply through a text message, manifested in the number of people with mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets and the latest technologies such as “wearable devices.” Nowadays, it is no longer surprising to find a person owning several of these gadgets, which may not necessarily be for different purposes. ICT is ubiquitous and access to it is relatively affordable and somewhat effortless. This makes the demand much higher as different sectors, industries and organizations now also incorporate ICT in their daily business processes. GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 1LEARNING M i V. Objectives: At the end of this module, the students should be able to: 1. Define ICT; 2. Trace the evolution of technology, particularly computers; 3. Identify the different parts of the computer system, and categorize the different computer peripheral; Assess why computers are considered powerful thinking machines; and Explain the role of technology in media and how it affects communication. os GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 2LEARNING M i Vi. Pre-Test: MODULE 1 - INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) Subject: Date: Direction: The following questions will help gauge how much you already know about introduction to information and communication technology. Write the correct answer on the space provided and explain your answer. ___1. Itrefers to processed information that helps fulfill people's daily tasks. a. Communication _b. Information c. Knowledge d. Technology ___2 It is a type of an input device that lets you select options from on-screen menus. a. Keyboard b. Mouse ©. Trackball 4. Scanner 3. It is referred to as the enclosure composed of the main elements of a computer used to administer data. a. Digital camera. ob. PC ©. Storage device d. System unit 4. Itis like a personal computer but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a high- quality monitor. a. Mainframe b. Minicomputer c. Supercomputer d. Workstation 5. Its a cable used to transmit audio/video data with much clearer image quality. a. Ethernet cable b. VGA c. HDMI d. PS/2 GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 3Nene) eee VIL Learning Activities: & 4.4 IT versus ICT When are we going to use the term ICT and how does it differ from IT? So, Information and ation Technology (ICT) is more often used in general sense, and is described as using computers and other digital technologies to assist individuals or institutions in handling or using information. ICT involves: information gathering, processing, storing and presenting data. It also involves collaboration and communication. Information Technology (IT) on the other hand is involved with computers, software, networking, and other IT infrastructure to help relay or manage information important in modern-day living as seen primarily in large companies or corporations. Breakdown of ICT |- Information C- Communication T- Technology Information- refers to the knowledge obtain from reading, investigation, study, or research. In terms of data, information is regarded as processed data. Processed information is called knowledge. Knowledge helps fuffill daily task. For example, knowledge is used to —ay predict tomorrow's weather and decide if there is a need to bring an umbrella. Knowledge is also used to analyze the stock market and check which company is worth investing, Communication- is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process in which information is exchanged between individuals through verbal and non-verbal means. With technology, communication is faster, more convenient and more efficient. When face-to- face meeting is not possible, long distance communication or virtual communication is now common and easy with the use of smartphones and computers with internet access. GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 4Nene) eee Technology- has made communication much easier and faster through telephones, fax machines, mobile devices, and the internet. It has also made broadcasting of information, such as news or weather reports, more effective. 4.2 EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY The evolution of technology has always ~~ depended on one thing: the human rationale. Human & tends to think of ways on how to discharge task or workload, or daily activities easily. The concept of 24S. technology always starts with the basic tool. By combining a set of tools, people have come up with machines that can do the task faster and more efficiently. Another type of machine that is considered a necessity is the computer. A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data, manipulate the data according to specified rules, produce results and store the results for future use. Most machines, including computers, have evolved through the process of automation. Automation is defined as “the technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically.” Automation includes a broad range of technologies normally connecting computer systems to other systems such as sensors, wireless application, expert systems and system integration, among others. However, an automated system is not the same as an intelligent system. Intelligent systems are far more complex and are capable of learning. Artificial intelligent is one of the examples. 4.3 HISTORY OF COMPUTER Computers have evolved based on the type of components used in the design. At = present, scientists and researchers have identified five generations based on design, suitability and reliability. These generations of computer will be defined below (Pepito, 2002). The first electronic computer was developed in 1946, designed by J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly from the University of Pennsylvania and First-Generation Computer (1946-1959) a financed by the United States Army, the Electronic a 1 Numeric Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). ENIAC Ty was a modular computer, composed of several panels ie capable of performing different functions. However, it c could store only limited or small amount of information | and only do arithmetic operations such as addition and First Generation Computers subtraction of up to 10 digits. The computer was roughly 167 square meters in size and weighed 27 tons. GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 5ARNING M i ‘Second-Generation Computer (1959-1965) In this second generation, the transistor was used as the interior sections of the computer. Transistors were much smaller, faster and more dependable than the vacuum tubes of the first-generation computer. They generated less heat and consumed ty but were still very Second Generation Computers Third-Generation Computer (1965-1974) In 1965, Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit (IC) that was used instead of transistors as the interior sections to build the computer. A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors that even the full circuit board of a transistor can be replaced entirely with one chip. This chip made the computers smaller, unfailing and effective. Remote processing, time-sharing and multiprogramming system were used. Fourth-Generation Computer (1971-1980) Very large scale integrated (LVS!) circuits were used to build computers. These circuits have about 5,000 transistors and other circuit elements with connected circuits on a single chip known as the microprocessor. These fourth generation computers such as personal computers became more powerful, dense, reliable and inexpensive. The other application of this microprocessor technology can be used and applied for pocket calculators, TV sets, automotive devices and audio and video appliances. Fifth-Generation Computer (1980-onwards) In this fifth generation, the VLSI technology has evolved into what is called ultra large-scale integration (ULSI) technology, with the manufacture of microprocessor chips having 10 million electronic ‘components. This generation involves computer intelligence which is associated with Al, natural language and expert systems that interpret the means and practices of producing computers that think like human beings. GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 6LEARNING M For more information about the history of computer, click this _ link’ https://www.livescience.com/-207 18-computer-history. htm! 1.4 COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER Computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data and has ability to store, retrieve and process data. It contains both hardware components and software = application HARDWARE- pertains to the computer's physical devices: Input devices and output devices Input Devices- enter or send data and computer system on the internet structions from user or from another Keyboard- accept letters, numbers and commands from the user Mouse- lets one select option from on-screen menus - Microphone- allows user to speak into the computer to input data and instruction Scanner- converts printed material such as text and pictures into a form the computer can use = Digital camera- allows one to take pictures then transfer the photographed images to the computer or > printer instead of storing the images on a traditional film La PC video camera- digital video camera that enables users to create a movie or take still photographs electronically Output devices- any hardware component that transmits information to one or more people. GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 7LEARNING M Printer- produces text and graphics on a physical, medium such as paper Monitor- display text, graphics and videos on screen. Two types of monitor: 1, Cathode ray tube (CRT) - vacuum tube containing an electron gun at one end and a fluorescent screen at another end 2. Liquid crystal display (LCD) — is a flat-panel display that consists of a layer of color or monochrome pixels arranged schematically between a couple of transparent electrodes and ‘two polarizing filters 3. Light-emitting diode (LED) — a flat-panel display that uses light-emitting diodes for backlighting SYSTEM UNIT- is the enclosure composed of the main elements of a computer that are used to administer data. The circuitry of the system unit containing the primary components of a computer with connectors into which other circuit boards can be positioned is recognized as motherboard. STORAGE DEVICE it is where the data is kept 2 ”” = 2 permanently. There are many types of storage devices which include the flash disk drive, a small "=O "apo CO/OW0 portable storage device often referred to as pen drive, thumb drives, or jump drives. It has a capacity 4 Ba oS Bal of 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 32GB, 64GB, 12868, 1TB and 21B. Hard disk drive is a non-volatile rogpy ereryCard pen rve Te memory which permanently stores and retrieves data, Compact disk is a flat, round and portable metal disk COMPUTER STORAGE OR MEMORY DEVICES GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 8LEARNING M i 4.5 WHY COMPUTERS ARE POWERFUL? Computers are powerful for a variety of reasons. They work with remarkable speed, reliability, consistency, accuracy and communication. Computers can store large amounts of data and information. Also, computers allow users to communicate with other users or computers. A user is anyone who communicates and interacts with a computer or makes use of the information it generates. 4.6 CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS Computers can be classified based on size and computing power. However, as technology advances, these classifications tend to overlap as modem computer have become smaller, yet more powerful and relatively cheaper. The following are the general classification of computers: rte 1. Personal computer- small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor 2. Workstation- just like PC but has more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor 3. Minicomputer- a multi-user computer capable of supporting 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously 4. Mainframe- a multi-user computer capable of supporting hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously 5. Supercomputer- an extremely fast computer that can perform millions of instructions per second GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 9LEARNING M 6. Desktop computers- computers designed to be |= placed on a desk 7. Laptop computers- battery-powered computer devices whose portability makes them possible to use almost anytime, anywhere 8. Tablet computers- hand-held computers with touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation 9, Smartphones- hand-held telephones which can do things that computers can do, including browsing and searching the internet and even playing console games 10. Wearable- include fitness trackers and smart watches that can be worn throughout the day 11. Smart TVs- are the latest TV sets that include applications present in the computers. 3 It is a period in human history economy brought by industrialization during weer? youn 1.7 DIGITAL AGE, INFORMATION AGE AND COMPUTER AGE T H f characterized by the shift from traditional industry to information technology-based the Industrial Revolution. The definition of what digital means (or what information means) continues to change over ti GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 10LEARNING M new technologies, user devices and methods of interaction with other people and devices enter the domain of research, development and market launch. This period is also characterized by the digital industry creating a knowledge-based society surrounded by a high-tech global economy that exerts its influence on how the manufacturing process and service sector work in an efficient and convenient way. 4.8 MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL AGE Media normally refers to the means of communication that uses unique tools to interconnect among people. The forms of media include television, radio, cellular phones and intemet (includes social media sites). In the digital age, however, media can be considered as the message, the = medium and the messenger. The Message- media is considered to be the message itself for those who create and own the rights of content. Example is blog. Cick this link to understand about blogging http://www thebalancesmb. com/blogging-what-is-it-1794405 The Medium- refers to the tool or tools used in sending a message from the source to the destination. Examples of medium are delivering news on TV or radio. With the latest technologies, social media is an avenue for information dissemination. ‘The Messenger- is the one who delivers the message. This is why broadcasters for example being the messenger of news are called “media.” 4.9 EVOLUTION OF MEDIA The media has transformed itself based on two things- (1) how information is presented; (2) how the connection is established. Woodcut printing on cloth or on paper was used in the early 15" century. It was in 1436 when Johannes Gutenberg started working on a printing press which used relief printing and molding system. In the 1800s, the telegraph was developed followed by the telephone which made the two-way communication possible. At the beginning of the 1900s, broadcasting and recorded media were introduced. Radio and television were used to send sound and video to homes and offices through electromagnetic spectrum or radio waves. Later on, a combination of both audio and video information made the audience's viewing experience more exciting. Films and movies became popular as they catered to larger audiences. GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 11Nene) eee In line with this development, the audience regardless of their professions can now interact with one another and are no longer disconnected. News sites can even get news stories for example from twitter or other social media sites. 4.10 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS A trend refers to something hip or popular at a certain point in time. It can be a FS: particular style in fashion, devices or entertainment. A new trend may always come along to replace the old one. Technology trends tend to change as time goes by. Following Moore's law, technology is bound to upgrade itself every two years. A few years ago, people would have a cellular phone, a digital camera, a portable music player, and a laptop with them. They would use their phones to text and make calls, the digital camera to take pictures, and the music player to listen to music while doing their work on their laptop. Now, smartphones are capable of doing the aforementioned activities and a lot more through apps made available online. In an article from Forbes.com, DeMers (2016) identified seven major trends in 2017. 1. loT and smart home technology- the vision of loT has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, including pervasive ~— wireless communication, data analytics, machine learning, and use of hardware technology such as sensors, microprocessors and microcontrollers. 2, Augmented reality and virtual reality: in 2016, the release of games a such as Pokemon Go and the anticipated VR headset, Oculus Rift, served s as turning point for AR and VR technology. é.. a 3. Machine learning- also called artificial intelligence, having machines decide for you seem to be a daunting task and would probably make you think of robots and talking computers, similar to Iron man’s Jarvis. 4, Automation- through advance technology, it is now possible to automate previously human-exclusive tasks. This is very much evident through wearable devices such as step counters and heart rate monitors used by health-conscious individuals. GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 12LEARNING M i 5. Big data- is a term that describes large and complex volumes of data. Waze is an example of an app which uses big data 6. Physical-digital integration- majority of organization nowadays are moving towards system automation. The concept of having a “paperless company’ in which transactions, reports and services are done using automated systems is one such example. 7. Everything in demand- due to the prevalence of network connectivity, it is possible to have information on demand. Music, movies, and even drivers are made available through the apps in smartphone. 1.11 IMPACT OF ICT ON INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETY ICT brings both positive and negative effects to individuals, organizations and S- society. It improves education, access to information, and security. However, it limits personal interaction and physical activity and poses problems in employment and security POSITIVE EFFECTS Improved access to education Access to information and communication > Security > NEGATIVE EFFECTS > Reduced personal interaction and physical activity > Job loss or increase in unemployment > Security especially a threat to security 1.12 ETHICAL ISSUES IN ICT 4. Plagiarism. it is an act of theft in which a person copies another person's ideas, words, or writings, etc. and pass them off as his or her own. Exploitation- itis an action in which one deals with a person dishonestly, unethically and dishonorably, in order to take advantage of the latter's works and or resources. Libel- it can either be an insult, slur or slander. Software Piracy refers to an act of installing or copying software into the computer in the absence of an end-user licensing agreement (EULA), and/or producing a copy disregarding the copyrights. GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 13Vill. Self-Evaluation: tion: Trying-out this assignment will help you determine if you acquired the skills/knowledge that you supposed to learn from this module. True or False. Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. ___1. Laptop is a non-portable device that is battery-powered. ____2. Automation helps human task. ____3. LED means Light-emitting display. __4. First generation computer has ivolved into ultra large scale integration technology. 5. Output devices send data and instruction from user. IX. Review of Concepts, With the evolution of technology, people are now living in a period in which the economy is based on information computerization. This industry that involves computers, software and networking, among others is called Information Technology (IT). It is a subset of Information Communications Technology (ICT) which pertains to the use of technology that supports activities involving not only information such as gathering, storing, and presenting data, but also collaboration and communication. The computer, being the main tool or equipment in IT, has evolved in many ways from the first generation computer to present fifth generation computer. ‘The power of the computer, coupled with the introduction of the internet, cannot be underestimated with its speed, reliability and consistency, accuracy and ability to handle communication. Communication and information creation and distribution have developed. Among the major trends is the so-called Internet of things, the expansion and application of networks and internet to everyday objects. ICT, however, has both positive and negative impacts on individuals, organizations and society. XIL, Reference: Caoili-tayuan. R-R., & Eleazar, M V. (2019). Living in the Information Technology Era. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc. GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 14Nene) eee Zimmermann, K. A. (2017) History of Computers: A Brief Timeline. Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/-20718-computer-history.html Duermyer, R. (June 30, 2020). What is blogging? Definition and example of blogging. Retrieved from http://www.thebalancesmb.com/blogging-what-is-it-1794405, GE Lite- Living in the Information Technology Era 15