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Linux Intro

A compiler translates high-level code into machine code, while an assembler translates assembly language into machine code. An interpreter translates and executes each statement immediately. A linker combines object files into a single executable file, while a loader loads programs from storage into memory for execution. An operating system manages programs and hardware for a computer.

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39 views

Linux Intro

A compiler translates high-level code into machine code, while an assembler translates assembly language into machine code. An interpreter translates and executes each statement immediately. A linker combines object files into a single executable file, while a loader loads programs from storage into memory for execution. An operating system manages programs and hardware for a computer.

Uploaded by

api-3735642
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compiler:

A compiler is a special program that processes statements written in


a particular programming language and turns them into machine
language or "code" that a computer's processor uses.

Assembler:
Software that translates assembly language into machine language.
Contrast with compiler, which is used to translate a high-level
language, such as COBOL or C, into assembly language first and
then into machine language.

Interpeter
A high-level programming language translator that translates and
runs the program at the same time. It translates one program
statement into machine language, executes it, and then proceeds to
the next statement.

Linker:
A program that combines one or more files containing {object code}
from separately compiled program {modules} into a single file
containing loadable or executable code

Loader
A loader is a component that locates a given program (which can be
an application or, in some cases, part of the operating system itself)
in offline storage (such as a hard disk), loads it into main storage (in a
personal computer, it's called random access memory), and gives
that program control of the computer

Operating System
An operating system (sometimes abbreviated as "OS") is the program
that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program,
manages all the other programs in a computer.
Features of Linux:

Multiprocessing:
Multiprocessing is the use of two or more central processing units
(CPUs) within a single computer system. The term also refers to the
ability of a system to support more than one processor and/or the
ability to allocate tasks between them

Multiprocessing sometimes refers to the execution of multiple


concurrent software processes in a system as opposed to a single
process at any one instant.

Multi Tasking:
Multitasking, in an operating system, is allowing a user to perform more than one
computer task (such as the operation of an application program) at a time.

Shell Programming

Bourne shell (sh)

This is the original Unix shell written by Steve Bourne of Bell Labs. It
is available on all UNIX systems.

This shell does not have the interactive facilites provided by modern
shells such as the C shell and Korn shell. You are advised to to use
another shell which has these features.

The Bourne shell does provide an easy to use language with which
you can write shell scripts.

. C shell (csh)

This shell was written at the University of California, Berkeley. It


provides a C-like language with which to write shell scripts - hence its
name.

TC shell (tcsh)
This shell is available in the public domain. It provides all the features
of the C shell together with emacs style editing of the command line.

Korn shell (ksh)

This shell was written by David Korn of Bell labs. It is now provided
as the standard shell on Unix systems.

It provides all the features of the C and TC shells together with a shell
programming language similar to that of the original Bourne shell.

It is the most efficient shell. Consider using this as your standard


interactive shell.

Bourne Again SHell (bash)

This is a public domain shell written by the Free Software Foundation


under their GNU initiative. Ultimately it is intended to be a full
implementation of the IEEE Posix Shell and Tools specification. This
shell is widely used within the academic commnity.

bash provides all the interactive features of the C shell (csh) and the
Korn shell (ksh). Its programming language is compatible with the
Bourne shell (sh).

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