Unit 2 Attributes of Functions

2.1 Function Notation and Compositions of Functions

Relation: When the value of one variable is related to the value of a second variable
Function: a relation where for each input (𝑥 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒) there is only one output (𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒).

X-Values Y-Values

independent variable dependent variable

Domain Range

Input Output

Argument

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Functions can be represented in the following ways:

Examples
Tables Mapping Diagram Ordered Pairs Graphs
x y

0 5
{(0,5),(1,8),(2,3),(3,3)}
1 3

2 2

3 5

Function Notation: If 𝑓 is the function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 7, the 𝑓 tells us to

multiply the argument by 3 and add 7. Therefore 𝑓(6) = 3(6) + 7.

1. Given the function f(x) = 2x2 + 4x - 5, evaluate

a. f(3) b. f(-3)

2. Given the functions f(x) = 4x+2, g(x) = x 2 – 3, h(x) = 2x – 3, and j(x) = - x2 – 2,

evaluate:

a. f(13) b. g(-5) c. j(-5)

d. h(4x) e. g(2x) f. j(3x)

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COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS:

Given functions f(x) and g(x) the following properties hold true:

COMPOSITION: (f ◦ g)(x) = f(g(x))

Substitute the inside function into the x of the outside function and simplify.

*If there is a number inside, evaluate the inside function with that value, then use the
solution to evaluate the outside function.

3. Given f(x) = x2 + 1 and g(x) = 3x - 5, evaluate the following compositions:

a. (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(2) = b. g(f(-2)) c. g(f(1))

d. 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = e. (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(2𝑥) =

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4. Given the functions f(x) = 4x + 2, g(x) = x 2 + 3, h(x) = 3 – 2x, and j(x) = -x2 – 2
evaluate using function notation. Write your answer in simplest form.

a. h(f(3)) b. g(h(-1) c. f(g(-2))

d. f(j(-2)) e. f(g(x)) f. g(h(x))

g. h(f(x)) h. f(h(4x)) i. j(h(x))

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2.2 Inverse Functions

Inverse functions reverses the pairings and operations of a function.

The inverse of a function may or may not be a function. If the inverse of a function is
not a function, then it is called an inverse relation.

If the inverse of a function 𝑓(𝑥) also is a function, then it is called the inverse function
and is written 𝑓 (𝑥).

One-to-One function: If for x-value there is only one y-value and each y-value is
paired with only one x-value. The graph of a one-to-one function will pass a vertical and
horizontal line test. (both the original function and the inverse are functions)

1. Find the inverse of the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4 . Write your answer in slope intercept
form.

PEMDAS – original SADMEP - inverse

Is f(x) a one to one function? Yes or no because

2. Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 5, write the

inverse. Write your answer in slope
intercept form. Graph 𝑓(𝑥) and its inverse.

What do you notice about the graphs Is f(x) a one to one function? Yes or no
of both f(x) and its inverse? because

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3. Find the inverse of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − . Write your answer in slope intercept
form.

Is f(x) a one to one function? Yes or no because . . .

FUNCTION PROPERTIES:

If f(x) and g(x) are inverses, then 𝑓 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑔 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥

4. Verify 𝑓(𝑥)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) are inverses using composition of functions.

𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 4 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 −

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Given the functions and the questions below, prove your answer by

using composition of functions.

𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 2 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 ℎ(𝑥) =

𝑗(𝑥) = −2𝑥 − 3 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥−

5. Is 𝑓(𝑥) the inverse of ℎ(𝑥) ? 6. Is 𝑔(𝑥) the inverse of 𝑗(𝑥)?

7. Are 𝑔(𝑥) and 𝑝(𝑥) inverses?

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2.3 Notation and Intervals

Interval and Set Notation

Do you remember?

How did you write domain and range in Algebra 1?

What was the difference in the notation when there was an open dot and a closed dot?

Interval notation is a way of writing subsets of the real number line . I

A closed interval is one that includes its endpoints: for example, this is the domain
written in set notation {x | −3≤x≤1} . *Notice it uses what you learned in Algebra 1 about closed
dots.

To write this interval in interval notation, we use closed

brackets [ ]: [−3,1]

An open interval is one that does not include its endpoints, for example, {x | −3<x<1}.
*Notice it uses what you learned in Algebra 1 about open dots.

To write this interval in interval notation, use parentheses :

(−3,1)

You can also have intervals which are half-open and half-closed: [−2,4)

So in conclusion . . . open dots are ( and closed dots are [

Domain still goes from Left to Right and Range still goes from Bottom to Top

Instructions: Fill in the missing parts in the chart below.

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 Set Interval
Inequality Graph
Notation Notation

1 −3 ≤ 𝑥 < 5 {𝑥| − 3 ≤ 𝑥 < 5} [-3, 5)

2 𝑥>2 {𝑥|𝑥 > 2} (2, ∞)

3 𝑥≤3

4 𝑥 < 1 or 𝑥 ≥ 5

7 (1, 4)

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Domain and Range of graphs

Domain : Left to right Range: Bottom to Top Use both notations.

Inequality Notation Interval notation

8.

Domain____________________ Domain____________________

Range_____________________ Range_____________________

9. Inequality Notation Interval notation

Domain____________________ Domain____________________

Range_____________________ Range_____________________

10. Inequality Notation Interval notation

Domain____________________ Domain____________________

Range_____________________ Range_____________________

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Given the graph below, if you were asked to find intervals of increase or decrease, or
intervals where the graph is positive or negative… what would that mean?

The positive regions of the function are those intervals where the function is above the
x-axis. It’s where the y -values are positive (not zero)

The negative regions of the function are those intervals where the function is below the
x-axis. It’s where the y -values are negative (not zero)

** y-values that are on the x-axis are neither positive nor negative **

Increasing: A function is increasing, if as 𝑥 increases (reading from left to right),

𝑦 also increases. As you look at the graph, from left to right, the graph goes up-hill. The
graph has a positive slope. As the x’s get larger, the y’s get larger.

Decreasing: A function is decreasing, if as 𝑥 increases (reading from left to right), 𝑦

decreases. As you look at the graph, from left to right, the graph goes down-hill. The
graph has a negative slope. As x’s get larger, the y’s get smaller.

Lets watch a video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxOp3s9ottg

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11. 12.

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13.

14. Use the graph below to state all intervals of increase, decrease, positive and
negative.

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2.4 TRANSFORMATIONS OF FUNCTIONS - (Move The Monster)

Given the points and graph for

(h(x),

(-3,0) (-1, -3) (0, 1) (1, 0)

(2, 1) (3, 0)

Domain: Range:

This is an exploration and reminder of the transformations that you learned in Algebra 1.

Some things to remember:

f(x) represents the y value

the number inside of the parentheses represent the x value

“Outside” numbers only affect the y values-

apply the mathematical operation you see

“Inside” numbers only affect the x values –

apply the opposite operation of what you see

Here is a word bank for the transformations you will see

Vertical shift up Horizontal shift right

Vertical Shift down Horizontal shift left

Vertical reflection Horizontal reflection

Vertical stretch Horizontal stretch

Vertical Compression Horizontal Compression

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Using the table and graph, complete the following transformations by graphing the
transformed function, filling out the table, list the transformations, and listing the
domain and range.

1. g(x) = h(x) + 2
Graph: Table:
h (x) (x, y+2) Write a verbal description of the
transformation of h(x).
(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)

(2, 1)

(3, 0)
Domain:

Range:

2. g(x) = h(x) – 2
Graph Table:
Write a verbal description of the
h (x) transformation of h(x).

(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)

(2, 1)
Domain:
(3, 0)
Range:

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 3. g(x) = h(x + 2)
Graph Table Write a verbal description of the
transformation of h(x).
h (x) (x - 2, y )

(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)

(2, 1)

(3, 0)
Domain:

Range:
4. g(x) = h(x – 2)
Graph Table: Write a verbal description of the
transformation of h(x).
h (x)

(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)
Domain:
(2, 1)
Range:
(3, 0)

5. g(x) = h(x – 1) + 3 Write a verbal description of the

Graph Table: transformation of h(x).

h (x)

(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)

(2, 1) Domain:
(3, 0) Range:

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 6. g(x) = – h(x)
Graph Table: Write a verbal description of the
transformation of h(x).
h (x)

(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)

(2, 1)

(3, 0) Domain:

Range:
7. g(x) = h(- x)
Graph Table: Write a verbal description of the
transformation of h(x).
h (x)

(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)
Domain:
(2, 1)
Range:
(3, 0)

8. g(x) = h(-(x+3))

Graph Table:
Write a verbal description of the
h (x) transformation of h(x).

(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)

(2, 1)

(3, 0) Domain:

Range:

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9. g(x) = 2h(x)

Graph Table: Write a verbal description of the

transformation of h(x).
h (x) (x, 2y)

(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)

(2, 1)

(3, 0)
Domain:

Range:

1
h( x)
10. g(x) = 2

Graph Table: Write a verbal description of the

transformation of h(x).
h (x)

(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)

(2, 1)
Domain:
(3, 0)
Range:

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11. g(x) = h(2x)

Graph Table: Write a verbal description of the

transformation of h(x).
h (x) (x/2, y)

(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)

(2, 1)

(3, 0)

Domain:

Range:

1 
h x
12. g(x) =  2 

Graph Table: Write a verbal description of the

h (x) transformation of h(x).

(-3, 0)

(-1, -3)

(0, 1)

(1, 0)
Domain:
(2, 1)
Range:
(3, 0)

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Summary: given any function….

a<0: _________________________ b<0: ____________________________

0<|a|<1: ______________________ 0<|b|<1:_________________________

|a|>1: ___________________________ |b|>1:_______________________

+d/k:_____________________ (+c/h):_______________________

-d/k:_____________________ (-c/h):_______________________

Coordinate Rule for Transformations of Any Function

(𝑥, 𝑦) →( )

This means a point with coordinates (x, y) gets mapped to another point with
coordinates are (x', y').

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WRITING with Transformations

13. f(x) was transformed to create g(x). Write the equation of a g(x) in terms of f(x) if f(x) has
been vertically stretched by 2, horizontally stretched by 4, shifted to the right 6, and up 4.

14. f(x) was transformed to create g(x). Write the equation of a g(x) in terms of f(x) if f(x)
has been shifted left 8, down 6, reflected over the y-axis and horizontally compressed by a
factor of ½.

15. f(x) was transformed to create g(x). Write the equation of a g(x) in terms of f(x) if f(x)
has been) vertically reflected, translated five units right and twelve units up?

16. The function f(x) has been transformed resulting in g(x) = ½ f(x – 5) + 3, Describe the
transformations below.

17. The function f(x) has been transformed resulting in g(x) = -f(3(x+6)) – 4. Describe the
transformations below.

18. The function f(x) has been transformed resulting g(x) = 3 f(-x) + 4. Describe the
transformations below.

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