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Lab Session 1

This document provides instructions for a lab session on simulating fault scenarios in power systems using MATLAB Simulink. Students are instructed to build a basic power system model, incorporate faults at different points, observe the impact on voltages and currents, include circuit breakers controlled by protection relays, and simulate fault clearing. The goal is to develop a conceptual understanding of how protection systems work to isolate faults in a power grid. Students are asked to document the process, selections, simulations, and results in a lab report.

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MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR
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© © All Rights Reserved
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18 views

Lab Session 1

This document provides instructions for a lab session on simulating fault scenarios in power systems using MATLAB Simulink. Students are instructed to build a basic power system model, incorporate faults at different points, observe the impact on voltages and currents, include circuit breakers controlled by protection relays, and simulate fault clearing. The goal is to develop a conceptual understanding of how protection systems work to isolate faults in a power grid. Students are asked to document the process, selections, simulations, and results in a lab report.

Uploaded by

MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Power System Protection Lab 1 Lab Manual

Before you move to your first lab session for linear circuit analysis, kindly read
carefully, keep in mind and practice the following:

Do’s:
1. Read and completely understand the safety instructions pasted in lab notice
board.
2. Be regular to the lab
3. Know the theory behind the experiment before coming to the lab
4. In hardware based lab sessions
a. Identify the different leads or the pins of the components before making
connections.
b. Know the current and voltage rating of the components before using them in
the experiment.
c. Check the components before using them in the experiment.
d. After the completion of the experiments place the apparatus and components
to their original place.
e. Arrange the chairs/stools and equipment properly before leaving the lab.

Don’ts:
1. Do not exceed the voltage and current ratings.
2. Do not interchange the components while power supply is ON.
3. Avoid loose connections and short circuits.
4. Do not throw connecting wires and components on floor.
5. Do not mix faulty blocks/cables/other components with healthy ones.
6. Do not panic if you do not get the output.

Institute of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of the Punjab


Power System Protection Lab 2 Lab Manual

LAB SESSION 4

Roll No.: ____________

OBJECTIVE
Familiarization with simulations of fault scenarios, circuit breaker and logical
development of relay action in SIMULINK

PREREQUISITE
You are supposed to be aware of the basic simulation mechanism in MATLAB
SIMULINK, commonly used blocks in SIMULINK and the library of
‘SimPowerSystem’. A detailed documentation on this can be accessed in the
SimScape Documentation via: https://se.mathworks.com/help/sps/index.html

BACKGROUND
The basic objective of a protection system is to have an optimal arrangement of
sensing, decision and fault clearance mechanism throughout in a power system.
This combined assembly of a protection system is supposed to be existent in the
whole of the power system and no section of the power system should remain
unprotected. To begin with understanding such system, the first step is to realize
how occurrence of fault impacts the states of the affected region of power system
and the way it can be sensed, and used to command isolation device i.e. circuit
breaker typically. This lab deals with simulating a simplistic power system using
the equivalent blocks available in SimPowerSystem and to incorporate faults at its
different points, observe the impact in system voltage and current. And
consequently plan to include current and voltage sensing mechanism and circuit
breakers at difference number of places.
PROCEDURE:

Gen Step Up Step Down


Station Transformer Transformer

T.Line Load (Typically RL)

1. To begin with, start with building a simplistic power system in SIMULINK


whose one line diagram is given above. You are supposed to find equivalent 3phase
blocks for each of the components mentioned in the above diagram. The operating
values of different blocks can be chosen based on the typical generation,
transmission and step up/down values in the power system.
2. CTs and PTs are typically not needed in simulation environment and voltage
and current measurement can be done via one composite block. Try to figure out

Institute of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of the Punjab


Power System Protection Lab 3 Lab Manual

that block and include it at different places, you think the need of, in the power
system developed.
3. Simulate the circuit and observe the values of voltage and current measured.
4. Find a way to compute and express the RMS of the measured quantities in the
simulation.
5. Incorporation of fault in the SimPowerSystem based 3phase model is done
through a dedicated model. Search and find that block in the library. Once found,
go to its help section to learn about its usage and connection in the model.
6. Connect the fault block at multiple places in the developed model and simulate
various kind of faults (e.g. L-G, 3ph-G etc) in the system. Observe the change in
current and voltage in the affected zone. Based on this, verify the theoretical claim
of most severe and least severe type of faults among different types of faults.
7. Having incorporated the fault in the system, next step is to devise the location
of circuit breaker that can clear/isolate the affected region. Find the circuit breaker
block in library and place it at the decided place.
8. The trip signal to the breaker should be based on the decision made on the basis
of current/voltage of the system. With the observation of magnitude of fault
current/voltage w.r.t normal current/voltage, you need to decide which measured
quantity is to be chosen for detection of fault.
9. The selected quantity, to detect fault, has to be used in some algorithm based
decision to output a command signal for circuit breaker. Find an algorithm which
can compare the selected measured quantity with a reference value and based on
that can generate a command signal to the breaker.
10.If the algorithm is successful, the circuit breaker should operate right after the
fault occurs the system. So simulate the model again and observe whether the
circuit breaker has opened the circuit or not.
11.Your basic conceptual building of devising and algorithmic relay is done. Try
applying the same relay system on other parts of the model as well, with suitably
locating the circuit breaker and measurement point.

LAB REPORT
You are required to make a lab report detailing the process of developing the
model, selection of values, simulation, results and repeating same process for each
step i.e. inclusion of breaker, developing the algorithm and depiction of fault
clearance etc. You are supposed to complete the briefs of report as well as a
paragraph of conclusion by the end of lab session.

Institute of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of the Punjab

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