SOB 1040B Statistics Practice Questions
SOB 1040B Statistics Practice Questions
Question One
Use the data in Table 1 to answer the questions that follow.
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Answer the following questions based on data in Table 1.
Question Two
View the dataset in Table 1 as the sample space of a random experiment in which an employee
is selected at random. That is, each employee represents one outcome, and all possible
outcomes are equally likely.
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Question Three
a) A railway enthusiast simulates train journeys and records the number of minutes, 𝑥, to
the nearest minute, trains are late according to the schedule being used. A random
sample of 50 journeys gave the times listed in the table below:
17 5 3 10 4 3 10 5 2 14
3 14 5 5 21 9 22 36 14 34
22 4 23 6 8 15 41 23 13 7
6 13 33 8 5 34 26 17 8 43
24 14 23 4 19 5 23 13 12 10
a) The events 𝐴 and 𝐵 are such that 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑥 + 0.2, 𝑃(𝐵) = 2𝑥 + 0.1, 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑥.
i) Given that 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0.7, find the value of 𝑥 and state the values of 𝑃(𝐴) and
𝑃(𝐵).
ii) Verify that the events 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent.
The events 𝐴 and 𝐶 are mutually exclusive, 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 1 and 𝑃(𝐵/𝐶) = 0.4
iii) Find the values of 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) and 𝑃(𝐶).
iv) Giving a reason, state whether or not the events 𝐵 and 𝐶 are independent.
b) How many ways can three letters be chosen from the letters A, B, O, V, E.
i) Verify that the events 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent.
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The events 𝐴 and 𝐶 are mutually exclusive, 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 1 and 𝑃(𝐵/𝐶) = 0.4
ii) Find the values of 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) and 𝑃(𝐶).
iii) Giving a reason, state whether or not the events 𝐵 and 𝐶 are independent.
c) How many ways can three letters be chosen from the letters A, B, O, V, E.
Question Five
An insurance company receives on average 2 claims per week from a certain factory. Assuming
that the number of claims follow a Poisson distribution, find the probability that
Question Six
If 𝑍 is normally distributed with mean 0 and variance 1. Find the value of 𝑧1 such that
Question Seven
a) Templer and Tomeo (2002) reported that the population mean score and standard
deviation on the quantitative portion of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
General Test for students taking the exam between 1994 and 1997 were 558 and 139
respectively. Suppose we select a sample of 100 participants (𝑛 = 100). We record a
sample mean equal to 585. Test for whether or not we will retain the null hypothesis at
0.05 level of significance.
b) Suppose that a sample of size 100 has the mean and standard deviation of 82 and 20
respectively. Establish a 95% confidence interval of the true population mean.
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c) A sample poll of 100 voters chosen at random from all voters in a given district
indicated that 55% of them were in favor of a particular candidate. How large a sample
of voters should we take in order to be 95% confident that the candidate will be elected?
Question Eight
a) Chimutengo decided to get tested for COVID-19 based on mild symptoms. The test
result says she didn’t have coronavirus, but actually she did have coronavirus.
i) Under hypothesis testing what type of error was committed in this scenario.
ii) Define this error and hence copy and fill in the table below.
Decision
Retain the null Reject the null
False
Truth in the
population
True
b) Fill in the table below by stating variable type (qualitative or quantitative) and
measurement scale (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval or Ratio).
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Question Nine
Thirty percent of all customers who enter a store will make a purchase. Suppose that six
customers enter the store and that these customers make independent purchase decisions. Find
Question Ten
Contingency Table
On-the-job Accident
Smoker Yes No Total
Heavy 12 4 16
Moderate 9 6 15
Nonsmoker 13 22 35
Total 34 32 66
Test the hypothesis that the incidence of on-the-job accidents is independent of smoking
habits. Set a 𝛼 = 0.01.
Question Eleven
The table below gives the average hourly outdoor temperature (𝑥) in a Kitwe city during a
week and the city’s natural gas consumption (𝑦) during the week for each of eight weeks (the
temperature readings are expressed in degrees and the natural gas consumptions are expressed
in millions of cubic feet of natural gas).
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Week Average Hourly Natural Gas Natural Gas
Temperature Consumption
1 28.0 12.4
2 28.0 11.7
3 32.5 12.4
4 39.0 10.8
5 45.9 9.4
6 57.8 9.5
7 58.1 8.0
8 62.5 7.5
a) Draw the scatter plot for this data and comment on the observed relationship between
temperature and consumption.
b) Estimate the regression equation for the data and interpret its slope and intercept
coefficients.
c) Use the model obtained in (b) to estimate the city’s natural gas consumption (𝑦) if the
average hourly outdoor temperature (𝑥) in a Kitwe city during a week is 40℉.
Question Twelve
The business objective facing the marketing manager at OmniFoods is to develop a model to
predict monthly sales volume per store of OmniPower bars and to determine what variables
influence sales. Two independent variables are considered here: the price of an OmniPower
bar, as measured in ngwee (𝑥1 ) and the monthly budget for in-store promotional expenditures,
measured in kwacha (𝑥2 ). In-store promotional expenditures typically include signs and
displays, in-store coupons, and free samples. The dependent variable 𝑌 is the number of
OmniPower bars sold in a month. The regression results pertaining to this are presented below
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SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.870475
R Squared A
2
Adjusted 𝑅 0.742095
Standard
Error 638.0653
Observations 34
ANOVA
Significance
df SS MS F F
Regression 2 D 19736365 48.47713 2.86E-10
Residual B 12620947 C
Total 33 52093677
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SELECTED FORMULAE
𝑁!
N𝐶𝑟= 𝐶𝑟𝑁 = (𝑁𝑟) = (𝑁−𝑟)!𝑟!
𝑁!
N𝑃𝑟= 𝑃𝑟𝑁 = 𝑁! (𝑁𝑟) = (𝑁−𝑟)!
𝑛
1
𝑋̅ = ∑ 𝑋𝑖
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
1 1 (∑ 𝑥)2
2
𝑠 = ̅ ) 2 2
∑(𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋 𝑜𝑟 𝑠 = 2
(∑ 𝑥 − )
𝑛−1 𝑛−1 𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) =
𝑃(𝐵)
(𝜆𝑡)𝑥 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = , 𝑥 = 0,1,2, …
𝑥!
Confidence Intervals
Large sample case
𝜎
𝑋̅ ± 𝑍𝛼 𝜎 is known
2 √𝑛
𝑠
𝑋̅ ± 𝑍𝛼 𝜎 is estimated by 𝑠
2 √𝑛
𝑠
𝑋̅ ± 𝑡𝛼⁄2,𝑛−1 𝜎 estimated by 𝑠.
√𝑛
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TABLES
Table 2: CUMULATIVE PROBABILITIES FOR THE STANDARD NORMAL
z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
-3.0 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010
-2.9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014
-2.8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019
-2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026
-2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036
-2.5 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048
-2.4 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064
-2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084
-2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
-2.1 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143
-2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
-1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233
-1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
-1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
-1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
-1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
-1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681
-1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
-1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
-1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170
-1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
-0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611
-0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
-0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
-0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
-0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
-0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121
-0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
-0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
-0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247
0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641
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Table 3: CUMULATIVE PROBABILITIES FOR THE STANDARD NORMAL
Cumulative
probability Entries in the table give the area
under the curve to the left of the 𝑧
value. For example, for 𝑧 = – 0.85,
the cumulative probability is
0.1977.
z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
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Table 4: t DISTRIBUTION
Cumulative Entries in the table give t values for
probability an area or probability in the upper
tail of the 𝑡 distribution. For
example, with 10 degrees of
freedom and a .05 area in the upper
0 𝑡 tail,𝑡0.05,10 =1.812
-3.0 -1.0 1.0 3.0
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A Chi-Square Table: Values of 𝜒𝛼2
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑑𝑓 𝜒0.90 𝜒0.10 𝜒0.05 𝜒0.025 𝜒0.01 𝜒0.005
1 0.01579 2.70554 3.84146 5.02389 6.63490 7.87944
2 0.21072 4.60517 5.99146 7.37776 9.21034 10.59663
3 0.58437 6.25139 7.81473 9.34840 11.34487 12.83816
4 1.06362 7.77944 9.48773 11.14329 13.27670 14.86026
5 1.61031 9.23636 11.07050 12.83250 15.08627 16.74960
6 2.20413 10.64464 12.59159 14.44938 16.81189 18.54758
7 2.83311 12.01704 14.06714 16.01276 18.47531 20.27774
8 3.48954 13.36157 15.50731 17.53455 20.09024 21.95495
9 4.16816 14.68366 16.91898 19.02277 21.66599 23.58935
10 4.86518 15.98718 18.30704 20.48318 23.20925 25.18818
11 5.57778 17.27501 19.67514 21.92005 24.72497 26.75685
12 6.30380 18.54935 21.02607 23.33666 26.21697 28.29952
13 7.04150 19.81193 22.36203 24.73560 27.68825 29.81947
14 7.78953 21.06414 23.68479 26.11895 29.14124 31.31935
15 8.54676 22.30713 24.99579 27.48839 30.57791 32.80132
16 9.31224 23.54183 26.29623 28.84535 31.99993 34.26719
17 10.08519 24.76904 27.58711 30.19101 33.40866 35.71847
18 10.86494 25.98942 28.86930 31.52638 34.80531 37.15645
19 11.65091 27.20357 30.14353 32.85233 36.19087 38.58226
20 12.44261 28.41198 31.41043 34.16961 37.56623 39.99685
21 13.23960 29.61509 32.67057 35.47888 38.93217 41.40106
22 14.04149 30.81328 33.92444 36.78071 40.28936 42.79565
23 14.84796 32.00690 35.17246 38.07563 41.63840 44.18128
24 15.65868 33.19624 36.41503 39.36408 42.97982 45.55851
25 16.47341 34.38159 37.65248 40.64647 44.31410 46.92789
26 17.29188 35.56317 38.88514 41.92317 45.64168 48.28988
27 18.11390 36.74122 40.11327 43.19451 46.96294 49.64492
28 18.93924 37.91592 41.33714 44.46079 48.27824 50.99338
29 19.76774 39.08747 42.55697 45.72229 49.58788 52.33562
30 20.59923 40.25602 43.77297 46.97924 50.89218 53.67196
40 29.05052 51.80506 55.75848 59.34171 63.69074 66.76596
50 37.68865 63.16712 67.50481 71.42020 76.15389 79.48998
60 46.45889 74.39701 79.08194 83.29767 88.37942 91.95170
70 55.32894 85.52704 90.53123 95.02318 100.42518 104.21490
80 64.27784 96.57820 101.87947 106.62857 112.32879 116.32106
90 73.29109 107.56501 113.14527 118.13589 124.11632 128.29894
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Note: These are just a few practice questions, there are plenty more questions you can
find in the recommended textbook and past papers. Remember to access these and
practice.
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