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Foaming in H2S Amine Absorber
Amine absorber used to strip out H2S from fuel gas or recycle gas.
Possible reason:
1 ) Amine solution contacts Hydrocarbon liquid
2) DT between the lean amine and gas less than 6 degree
3) packing ring blockage if packed column
4) plugged trays
To prevent foaming, it is always advisable to keep amine temperatures (5-10 degrees Celsius) higher
than those of HC gas.
1. Due to the smaller temperature difference, HC may condense in amine if the amine temperature is
lower or just above gas temperature. Amine with HC tends to froth, and separation in the absorption
column becomes poor.
2. Since H2S absorption efficiency into amine is best at lower temperatures, it is always advisable to
maintain lower temperature for HC gas as much as possible.
3. Lean amine temperature is maintained based on HC temperature.
Symptoms of Amine System Foaming:
1. Sudden increase in column differential pressure (DP)
2. HC carryover to downstream equipment.
3. Erratic/drastic drop in liquid levels.
4. Abnormal column temperature profile (higher temperatures on the higher trays)
Method to Control Amine Foaming to avoid Hydrocarbon carry to downstream equipment:
1. Maintain DT between lean amine and gas
2. Check the quality of lean amine and inject anti-Foam
3. Do oil skimming
4. Reduce lean amine flow but keep watching in gas flow Cons.of H2S not more than design .
Since FeS stabilizes amine foaming, 10-20% of the circulating amine solution is passed through a carbon
filter to control the hydrocarbon content in the system and to keep the FeS particles under control use a
particle filter.It is also recommended to filter with Solved.
Liquid hydrocarbons in the amine Absorber are a major cause of foaming. Based on the gas composition,
draw the gas envelope and see where the operating point is with respect to the dew point curve. Must
be kept above the dew point by a safety factor. Other factors that cause foaming are:Gas suspension
due to poor prefiltration, mining due to high temperature, other amine contamination.
olving a foaming issue is a lot of art, some knowledge, a little luck and lots of experience! I could write a
book and never cover every scenario that causes foaming and how to remediate foaming.
IMO, the one design flaw most facilities that foam have… is insufficient or poorly maintained raw gas
pre-treatment equipment. If it can be kept out of the system in the first place, it cannot contribute to
foaming!
Design for the worst case and maintain the equipment.
There are many many many causes of foaming. Some can be contained and eliminated, but others can
only be controlled. As mentioned by others, if the raw gas contains C3+ components, gas temperatures
are important, and never likely to eliminate foaming completely. The flash drum becomes a critical piece
of equipment, which must be designed for worst case to allow for adequate separation and skimming.
Sufficient carbon filtration and maintenance.
Pipeline cleaning and maintenance chemicals are occasionally the issue. Inproper pigging system and/or
procedures can push slop into the raw gas pretreatment syetem and raise havoc.
NEVER ADD ANYTHING TO THE AMINE OTHER THAN HIGH QUALITY ANTIFOAM AND GOOD WATER!
These are just a couple of items to consider.
Some valuable insights to share about the Amine Treating:
1- MDEA is a game-changer in the Amine industry, renowned for its exceptional selectivity and high CO2
slip performance. But it has higher hydrocarbon solubility.
2- By switching from MEA or DEA to MDEA, refineries can significantly reduce energy consumption in
their Amine systems. MDEA's efficient regeneration process requires less energy, resulting in cost
savings and environmental sustainability. Moreover, it boasts minimal CO2 degradation.
3- MDEA shines in LNG facilities, where its blending capability with piperazine allows for effective CO2
removal. This is crucial in preventing gas hydrate formation, ensuring CO2 levels remain below 50 ppm.
4- Temperature bulge monitoring in Amine absorbers and regenerators plays a vital role in evaluating
system performance and troubleshooting. It provides valuable insights for optimizing operations.
5- Thermal imaging of Amine absorbers and regenerators offers a powerful tool for detecting hot spots,
fouling, and maldistribution. This enables optimization and troubleshooting, ultimately enhancing
system efficiency.
6- Promax simulation, with accurate input data, generates reliable results for temperature profiles,
loading distributions in Amine absorbers and regenerators, as well as Sour Water stripper columns.
Leverage this tool for effective process design and performance analysis.
7- Keeping some Heat Stable Salts in the Amine promotes rich Amine regeneration, ensuring low levels
of lean loading.
5- Over-stripping of Amine poses no risk of corrosion, offering better operating conditions without
compromising system integrity.
A special thanks to Mike Sheilan and Ben Spooner from Sulphur Experts Inc for providing an excellent
Amine expert training.
Tubular Reactors
A tubular reactor is a type of chemical reactor that consists of a long cylindrical tube where chemical
reactions take place.
The reactants flow through the tube, usually in a continuous manner, allowing for efficient heat and
mass transfer.
Tubular reactors offer several advantages, including high conversion rates, excellent control of reaction
conditions, and the ability to handle high-pressure and high-temperature reactions.
However, they also have some drawbacks, such as difficulty in achieving uniform reactant distribution
and challenges in managing potential reactor fouling.
These reactors find applications in various industries, including petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and
specialty chemicals.In the petrochemical industry, tubular reactors are used for catalytic cracking,
reforming, and other refining processes.
In pharmaceuticals, they are employed for the production of intermediates and active pharmaceutical
ingredients (APIs). Tubular reactors are also utilized in the production of fine chemicals, such as dyes,
polymers, and specialty compounds.
The tubular reactor design offers advantages in terms of high conversion rates and precise control over
reaction conditions. However, challenges such as uneven reactant distribution and fouling need to be
addressed.
Despite these limitations, tubular reactors continue to be widely used in industries requiring efficient
and continuous chemical processes. Ongoing research and advancements aim to further optimize the
design and performance of tubular reactors for increased productivity and improved reaction outcomes.

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Foaming in H2S Amine Absorber

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