Asynchronous Activity in EAPP (Week 2)

Discussion

The Structure of Academic Texts

Structure is an important feature of academic writing. A well-structured text enables the reader to
follow the argument and navigate the text. In academic writing a clear structure and a logical flow
are imperative to a cohesive text. Furthermore, in many university assignments the correct use of
structure is part of the final assessment.
Paragraph development
Paragraphs can be structured in different ways. The internal structure of each paragraph often
depends on the idea that is treated in that specific paragraph and its relationship to the
surrounding paragraphs as well as to the text as a whole.
Your topic and the purpose of the paragraph should determine its organization. These
organizational patterns are called text structures. The term “text structure” refers to how
information is organized in a passage. The structure of a text can change many times in a
work and even within a paragraph. For example, if your purpose is to illustrate the differences
between two theories, your topic sentence should tell the reader that you are about to contrast
two theories. You may then describe first one theory, then the other, and finally contrast the
two.
NINE MAIN STRUCTURES OF A TEXT
1.Definition-explain the nature of something
2.Description or List Structure- gives concrete details about the appearance,
characteristics and actions. This structure resembles an outline. Each section opens with its
main idea, then elaborates on it, sometimes dividing the elaboration into subsections. It uses
signal words like for example, for instance, specifically, in particular, in addition,
characteristics includes, next, another kind, spatial word like near, beyond, over, etc.
Example 1: A book may tell all about whales or describe what the geography is like in a particular
region.
Example 2: Geologists classify types of rocks by closely examining certain characteristics. They
often begin by looking at the rock through a magnifying lens to check for crystal structures, luster, and
color. Breaking the rock shows specimen’s fracture or cleavage.
3. Order or Sequence Structure-chronological narration. Texts that follow this structure tell the
order in which steps in a process or series of events occur. It uses signal words like next,
first, last, second, another, then, additionally, sequential dates, events, order, etc.
Example 1: A book about the American Revolution might list the events leading to the war. In
another book, steps involved in harvesting blue crabs might be told.
Example 2:First, Goldilocks sat in the great big, Papa Bear chair, but it was too hard. Then, she sat
in the medium sized, Mama bear chair, but it was too soft. Finally, she sat in the little, bitty, Baby
Chair, and it was just right.
4. Cause and Effect Structure-presents the reason why a situation is obtained or a link between the
way things are now and how they got that way. In texts that follow this structure, the reader is told the
result of an event or occurrence and the reasons it happened. Signal words: if/then, reasons, why,
because, due to, consequently, therefore, as a result, thereby, leads to, etc.
Example 1: Weather patterns could be described that explain why a big snowstorm occurred
Note: The order of stating the cause and effect doesn’t matter. Sometimes, the cause will be
presented first, then the effect will follow.
Example 2: Cause: During the experiment, Henry poured the liquid bromine into the saline solution.
Effect: His hypothesis was proved correct when the solution changed colors. Sometimes, the issues
are presented with the effects sited first then the causes are offered as explanation. See next
example.
Example 3: Effect: The future gorillas in the wild are at risk. Scientists predict that at the present rate
of decline, in 30 years all the world’s wild gorillas will be gone.
Cause: Gorilla meat is a dietary staple for nearly 12 million people in Africa

5. Comparison and contrast-presents similarities and differences. Texts that follow this structure tell
about the differences and similarities of two or more objects, places, events or ideas by
grouping their traits for comparison. Signal words: differ, same, both, on the other hand, however,
unlike, like, by contrast, yet, in comparison, although, whereas, similar to, different from, etc.
Example 1: A book about ancient Greece may explain how the Spartan women were different from
the Athenian women.
Example 2: Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system, much larger than Earth. It is
mostly made by hydrogen. It rotates more quickly too. A day on Saturn is only about 10 Earth hours
long. But it takes about 30 of our years to make one full trip around the sun.
6. Enumeration-listing parts and characteristics, of examples
7. Problem-Solution -starts off with a negative situation and ends with a positive situation. A
problem is presented and followed by the steps to bring about a solution. It uses signal words like
problem is, dilemma is, if-then, because, so that, question-answer, problem is solved, reason
why, etc.
Example 1: Native American tribes who lived on the central plains had to move from place to
place to follow the migrating herds. Since they could not build permanent homes, they invented the
teepee which allowed them to move their homes from place to place.
8. Classification-presents groupings, types, classes’ categories
9. Thesis evidence-argues, points, interpretation
Act. 1
Direction: Identify what is being described in the following statements. Do this on your ACTIVITY
NOTEBOOK
______1. Making ice-cream is not easy. Cream and sugar have to first be mixed in a frozen container. Ingredients may be
added at this point, if desired. The mixture must be stirred and whipped until the cream and sugar mixture is frozen.
Depending on the equipment, this may take as longas an hour. After the ice-cream is prepared, it must be kept frozen until it
is ready to be enjoyed. Making ice-cream is difficult, but most people would agree that it is worth the trouble.
_____2. There are two types of people in this world: cat people and dog people. Which type are you? Well, if you like a pet
that is low maintenance, you might be a cat person. Cats are easier to take care of than dogs because cats are very
independent. Since they use litter boxes, they do not have to be taken outside to go potty like dogs. Also, cats clean
themselves while dogs need occasional baths. If you prefer a pet that requires more attention, you may be a dog person.
Most dogs are very loyal and obedient. You can play games like fetch or tug of war with a dog. Dogs will also alert you when
someone is outside of your home, whereas cats will usually just stay quiet. Both cats and dogs like to be petted, and they
both make excellent pets, but it takes a certain kind of person to own them. Which kind of person are you?
____3. Fireworks are beautiful; but as with many beautiful things, they are also dangerous. Misusing fireworks can result in
property damage, injury, and even the loss of life. Such accidents usually happen for one of two reasons. The operators
may be using poorly manufactured products, such as fireworks with fuses that burn too quickly. A defective firework can
cause even the most skilled operator to have an accident. Other times, however, it is the operator who is at fault. The
operator maybe unskilled or distracted and make a mistake, such as setting up an explosion sequence improperly or not
accounting for conditions in the environment, like soundproof foaming. For these reasons even the most beautiful fireworks
display can turn really ugly really quickly.
____4. Working on a computer may be easier and safer than working in a mine, but it does not come without risks. Using a
computer fora long time can lead to poor eyesight, muscle loosening, back pain, and injuries to the hands and wrists. If you
find yourself working or playing on a computer quite regularly, take a few steps to prevent these problems. When you are
computing for a long time, take frequent breaks. Get up and walk around every once and while. Exercise a little bit. Take
your eyes off of the computer screen. Stretch your hands and wrists. Straighten your back. It can be hard to pull yourself
away from your computer once you get into a zone, but your body will thank you later if you do. Make your health a priority.

____5. One of the most popular, sought-after, and expensive shoes ever marketed are the Air Jordan shoes. The first Air
Jordan shoes were released in 1985. These shoes were not legal to wear on the court since they did not have any white on
them, but Jordan wore them to every game anyway, getting fined $5000 for each appearance. The next Air Jordan shoes
came out in 1986. These shoes were unique for basketball shoes, because they were made in Italy, which gave them a
luxury feel. Two years later, the third Air Jordan shoes were released. These were the first shoes with the visible air pocket
in the back and were the inspiration for many later shoe designs. The Air Jordan shoe line has had a long history of
successful and noteworthy releases.

____6. Imagine a child as young as ten years old on the website Facebook chatting with a grown man or grown woman.
Should parents let their children as young as ten years old be on Facebook? Parents should not let their children or child be
on Facebook because on Facebook there are a lot of things that are said and done that a child of that age should not be
able to see. If a parent approves of a child being on Facebook it is very inappropriate. Because that child may tell a story
about their age and someone much older may see it and think their telling the truth and start sending them messages and
the child might not like it at all. When a child that young is on a website like Facebook they might get excited and go over
board. For example, the child might tell where they live, their address, and a lot more information that is not needed. In
conclusion, parents should not let children under age get on Facebook because many different things can happen.
_____7. There are four main levels of the Boy Scouts of America. Boys who are in first grade or are seven years old can
enter the Tiger Cubs. Each Tiger Cub has an adult partner. Uniforms are optional for Tiger Cubs. Scouts and adults may
wear orange Tiger T-shirts and hats. Boys who are in second grade or are at least eight years old can join the Cub Scouts.
The Cub Scouts wear blue uniforms with blue and gold scarves. Boys who are 11 to 17 years old can join the Boy Scouts.
Boy Scouts wear khaki uniforms that include caps, scarves, shirts, and pants. Boys and girls who are 14 to 20 years old can
join the Venturing program. This program helps young people develop leadership skills. Members of the Venturing program
wear green uniforms
GROUP ACTIVITY
Be grouped into 4 to read and analyze the paragraph in each number and fill out the given graphic
organizers with the correct

. Comparison and Contrast

Whales and sharks are animals
that both live in water. They both
have fins
and can swim underwater. However,
whales have hairs and needs to come
on the
surface of the water to breathe air
while sharks have scales on their
skin.
Aside from that, whales give birth
to their young ones. Sharks on
the other
hand lay eggs. They also have
specialized gills that enable them
to breathe
underwater.
. Comparison and Contrast
Whales and sharks are animals
that both live in water. They both
have fins
and can swim underwater. However,
whales have hairs and needs to come
on the
surface of the water to breathe air
while sharks have scales on their
skin.
Aside from that, whales give birth
to their young ones. Sharks on
the other
hand lay eggs. They also have
specialized gills that enable them
to breathe
underwater.
. Comparison and Contrast
Whales and sharks are animals
that both live in water. They both
have fins
and can swim underwater. However,
whales have hairs and needs to come
on the
surface of the water to breathe air
while sharks have scales on their
skin.
Aside from that, whales give birth
to their young ones. Sharks on
the other
hand lay eggs. They also have
specialized gills that enable them
to breathe
underwater.
. Comparison and Contrast
Whales and sharks are animals
that both live in water. They both
have fins
and can swim underwater. However,
whales have hairs and needs to come
on the
surface of the water to breathe air
while sharks have scales on their
skin.
Aside from that, whales give birth
to their young ones. Sharks on
the other
hand lay eggs. They also have
specialized gills that enable them
to breathe
underwater.
. Comparison and Contrast
Whales and sharks are animals
that both live in water. They both
have fins
and can swim underwater. However,
whales have hairs and needs to come
on the
surface of the water to breathe air
while sharks have scales on their
skin.
Aside from that, whales give birth
to their young ones. Sharks on
the other
hand lay eggs. They also have
specialized gills that enable them
to breathe
underwater.
. Comparison and Contrast
Whales and sharks are animals
that both live in water. They both
have fins
and can swim underwater. However,
whales have hairs and needs to come
on the
surface of the water to breathe air
while sharks have scales on their
skin.
Aside from that, whales give birth
to their young ones. Sharks on
the other
hand lay eggs. They also have
specialized gills that enable them
to breathe
underwater.
. Comparison and Contrast
Whales and sharks are animals
that both live in water. They both
have fins
and can swim underwater. However,
whales have hairs and needs to come
on the
surface of the water to breathe air
while sharks have scales on their
skin.
Aside from that, whales give birth
to their young ones. Sharks on
the other
hand lay eggs. They also have
specialized gills that enable them
to breathe
underwater.
Groupings:
Group 1 Item no. 1
AQUINO, CYREL JHON QUIJANO
AUSTRIA, ANDREI CABASA
BALMORES, TERRENCE KIM DE VERA
VIRAY, LEBRON JAMES ULAR
ACOB, BHEA ALEXIS MORI
AGBUYA, JHEDEA SHEIN MENDOZA
AGUILA, ROSEMARIE VALE
AGUYAOY, LOUISE KYLA BALANCIO
BELIZAR, ANGELA ALAINE LABAYOG
BOTIS, FRANCHESKA DENISE QUINTO
STA. CRUZ, JAMELA BENAVIDES

Group 2 Item No. 2

BUNGAY, JHEREMIE YAMOMO
DE GUZMAN, CHRIS ALHEN ALEJANDRO
ESTELLA, PRINCE ALRHICK
VALDEZ, RAPAEL ASHER VINLUAN
CHENG, SOFIA VERONICA
DE GUZMAN, KAREN JOY GASCON
DELA CRUZ, AYESSA MAE DE GUZMAN
DOMINGO, JEWEL ADAOAG
DUGAY, MARY JULIENNE CATOR
ESPIRITU, ALYSSA MAE NOVIDA
TANGLAO, JOHN ROSE CACAL

Group 3 Item No. 3

FABROS, CHLARENCE LAUNGAYAN
PAGARIGAN, ALDRIN AGUSTIN
PINLAC, JONARD DULAY
FIDER, JAIMY DULAY
FLORIDA, ALEXIS SHANE DEL ROSARIO
GARCIA, ASHLEY MAE N/A
GARCIA, SAMANTHA FHAYE MELCHOR
GASPAR, JANELLE SHANE FONTILLAS
HERNANDEZ, GABRIELLE VILLANCA
VENTURA, GABRIELLA NOREIGN

Group 4 Item No. 4

REYES, VINCENT TALLA

SABADO, MIKE LORENZ GRAGASIN
SANTOS, DREXLER DWAYNE ELEJORDE
TABORA, ERWIN, JR. MENDOZA
INOCENCION, KATRINA ANN MELCHOR
LATOSQUIN, TANISHA KEI MANALANG
MACARAEG, MA. ALHELI CAPITLE
MELEGRITO, AVRYLINE PAPA
MILLADO, SHANNAIA SHEY CABAIS
MILLARES, BERNADETTE JULIAN

Act 2 (Individual)
Read the passage and arrange the following information using the appropriate graphic organizers
1. Most mobile phones sold today have an operating system that was either designed by Apple or Google. Apple makes the
iOS operating system powering their iPhones and iPads. Google makes the Android operating system that can be found on
many different mobile phones and tablets. Both of these operating systems allow users to connect to app stores and
download applications.

1. Once your phone is receiving data, go to the application store on the device. Use the search or browse functions to
find fun, interesting, or useful programs. Once you have found an application that you want to try, click the button to
download and install it on your device.

3. Today it is common for motorists to play with their mobile phones while driving. Drivers may get bored or impatient while
waiting in traffic and use their smart phones to pass the time by checking sports scores, stock numbers, or news stories

4. The first use of the term smart phone was in 1997, when Ericson described its GS 88 as a “smart phone.” In
2003phones got even smarter when Andy Rubin launched the Android mobile operating system.

TRANSFER (Individual)
The students will create a 3-5 Paragraph essay to be written on your formal theme. As a journalist covering a major social
issue, such as inflation rate, status or economy and investors in the Philippines and have been tasked with writing an in-
depth report. Discuss the most effective text structure you would use to convey complex scientific information to a general
audience. Analyze why you chose this particular text structure and how it helps readers grasp the urgency and importance
of the issue.
Criteria 5 4 3 2
Introduction The introduction is The introduction is The introduction The introduction
captivating and provides a engaging and provides a is adequate and is weak and
clear context for the essay. It clear context for the provides some lacks
effectively establishes the essay. It effectively context for the engagement. It
importance of the establishes the essay. It briefly does not
environmental issue and importance of the mentions the effectively
engages the reader. environmental issue. environmental establish the
issue importance of
the
environmental
Selection of The writer selects and The writer selects and The writer The writer's
Text Structure justifies an exceptionally justifies an appropriate selects a text choice of text
appropriate text structure for text structure for structure that is structure is
conveying complex scientific conveying complex suitable but somewhat
information to a general scientific information to a could have been inappropriate for
audience. The choice general audience. The more effective in conveying
enhances reader choice enhances reader conveying complex
understanding and understanding and complex scientific
 engagement significantly. engagement. scientific information to a
information to a general
general audience.
audience.
Use of Chosen The essay consistently and The essay mostly uses The essay uses The essay
Text Structure effectively uses the chosen the chosen text structure the chosen text sporadically
text structure throughout, effectively, with only structure uses the chosen
creating a logical flow of minor lapses in adequately but text structure,
information that enhances maintaining a logical flow may have some resulting in
reader comprehension. of information. significant frequent
lapses in disruptions in
maintaining a the logical flow
logical flow of of information.
information.
Grammar and The essay is virtually free of The essay contains only The essay The essay
Mechanics grammatical, spelling, and minor grammatical, contains contains
punctuation errors, spelling, or punctuation noticeable numerous
enhancing overall errors that do not grammatical, grammatical,
readability. significantly detract from spelling, or spelling, or
readability. punctuation punctuation
errors that may errors that
slightly hinder hinder
readability. readability.

DEADLINE : September 19, 2023