Report 1 -

Republic Act 544

Civil
This is an Act to Regulate the Practice of Civil Engineering
Engineering in the Philippines
Laws
 Article I

TITLE OF THE ACT AND DEFINITION OF TERMS

Section 1. Title of Act.” This Act shall be known as the “Civil Engineering Law.”

Section 2. Definition of Terms.”

(a) The practice of civil engineering within the meaning and intent of this Act shall embrace services
in the form of consultation, design, preparation of plans, specifications, estimates, erection,
installation and supervision of the construction of streets, bridges, highways, railroads, airports and
hangars, port works, canals, river and shore improvements, lighthouses, and dry docks; buildings,
fixed structures for irrigation, flood protection, drainage, water supply and sewerage works;
demolition of permanent structures; and tunnels. The enumeration of any work in this section shall
not be construed as excluding any other work requiring civil engineering knowledge and application.

(b) The term “civil engineer” as used in this act shall mean a person duly registered with the Board
for Civil Engineers in the manner as hereinafter provided.
Article II

BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS

Section 3. Composition of Board.” Within thirty days after the approval of this Act there
shall be created a Board of Examiners for Civil Engineers, hereinafter referred to as the
Board, to be composed of a chairman and two members who shall be appointed by the
President of the Philippines, upon recommendation of the Commissioner of PRC. The
members of the Board shall hold office for a term of three years after appointment or until
their successors shall have been appointed and shall have qualified. The first members of
the Board appointed under this Act shall hold office for the following terms: One member
for one year; one member for two years; and one member for three years. Each member
of the Board shall qualify by taking the proper oath of office before entering upon the
performance of his duties. Any member of the Board may be removed by the President of
the Philippines, upon recommendation by the Professional Regulation Commission for
neglect of duty, incompetency, malpractice, unprofessional, unethical, immoral, or
dishonorable conduct, after having been given opportunity to defend himself in a proper
administrative investigation: Provided, That during the process of investigation, the
President of the Philippines, upon the recommendation of the PRC, shall have the power to
suspend such member under investigation and shall appoint a temporary member in his
place. Vacancies in the Board shall be filled for the un expired term only.
Section 4. Powers and Duties of the Board.” The Board for Civil Engineers is vested with authority,
conformable with the provisions of this Act, to administer oaths, issue, suspend and revoke
certificates of registration for the practice of civil engineering, issue certificates of recognition to
civil engineers already registered under this Act for advanced studies, research, and/or highly
specialized training in any branch of civil engineering subject to the approval of the PRC, to
investigate such violations of this Act and the regulations, there under as may come to the
knowledge of the Board and, for this purpose, issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum to
secure appearance of witnesses in connection with the charges presented to the Board, to inspect
at least once a year educational institutions offering courses in civil engineering, civil engineering
works, projects or corporations, established in the Philippines and, for safeguarding of life, health
and property, to discharge such other powers and duties as may affect ethical and technological
standards of the civil engineering profession in the Philippines. For the purpose of this Act, the
Director of Public Works and/or his authorized representative in the provinces and chartered cities
shall be ex-officio agents of the Board and as such it shall be their duty to help in the enforcement
of the provisions of this Act. The Board may, with the approval of the Professional Regulation
Commission issue such rules and regulations as may be deemed necessary to carry out the
provisions of this Act. The board shall also adopt a code of ethics in the practice of civil
engineering and have an official seal to authenticate its official documents.
Section 5. Qualifications of Board Members.” Each member of
the Board shall, at the time of his appointment:

a. Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines; b. Be at least

thirty years of age and of good moral character; c. Be a
graduate of civil engineering from a recognized and legally
constituted school, institute, college or university. d. Be a
registered civil engineer duly qualified to practice civil
engineering in the Philippines; e. Have practiced civil
engineering, with a certificate as such, for a period of not less
than ten years prior to his appointment. f.
Not be a member of the faculty of any school, institute, college,
or university where civil engineering course is taught, nor have
a pecuniary interest in such institutions; g. No former
members of the faculty of any school, institute or university
where civil engineering is taught can become a member
of the Board unless he had stopped teaching for at least three
consecutive years.
Section 6. Fees and Compensation of Board.” The Board for
Civil Engineers shall charge for each application for examination
the sum of P100 (one hundred) payable to the collecting and
disbursing officer of the PRC upon filing of said application, and
for each certificate of registration, fifty pesos. Each member of
the Board shall receive a compensation of fifteen pesos for
each applicant examined. A civil engineer in the service of the
Government of the Republic of the Philippines appointed as
member of the Board shall receive the compensation as herein
provided, in addition to his salary in the Government. All
authorized expenses of the Board, including the compensation
provided for herein, shall be paid by the collecting and
disbursing officer of the PRC out of such appropriation as may
be made for the purpose. (See RA 6511 & PD 223)
Section 7. Annual Report.” The Board shall, at the end of each
fiscal year, submit to the PRC a detailed report of its activities
and proceedings during the period covered by the fiscal year
ended.
Article III

EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION

Section 8. Examination Requirement.” All applicants for registration for the practice of civil
engineering shall berequired to pass a technical examination as hereinafter provided.

Section 9. Holding of Examination.” Examination of candidates desiring to practice civil engineering

in the Philippines shall be given in the City of Manila of each year, provided that such days do not
fall on official holidays, otherwise the examinations shall be held on the days next following.

Section 10. Subjects of Examination.” Applicants for certificate of registration as civil engineer shall
be examined, in the discretion of the Board, on the following subjects: mathematics, including
algebra, plane and spherical trigonometry, analytics, descriptive and solid geometry, differential and
integral calculus, and rational and applied mechanics; hydraulics; surveying, including highway and
railroad surveying; plane, topographic and hydrographic surveying, and advance surveying; design
and construction of highways and railroads, masonry structures, wooden and reinforced concrete
buildings, bridges, towers, walls, foundations, piers, ports, wharves, aqueducts, sanitary engineering
works, water supply systems, dikes, dams and irrigation and drainage canals
Section 11. Executive Officer of the Board.” The Commissioner
of Professional Regulation Commission shall be the executive
officer of the Board and shall conduct the examinations given
by the said Board. He shall designate any subordinate officer of
the Professional Regulation Commission to act as the Secretary
and custodian of all records including examination papers and
minutes of the deliberation of the Board.

Section 12. Qualifications for Examination.” Any person

applying for admission to the civil engineering examination as
herein provided shall, prior to the date of the examination,
establish to the satisfaction of the Board that he has the
following qualifications:

a. Be at least twenty-one years of age; b. Be a citizen of the

Philippines; c. Be of good reputation and moral character; and
d. Be a graduate of a four-year course in civil engineering from
a school, institute, college or university recognized by the
Government or the State wherein it is established.
Section 13. Oath of Civil Engineers.” All successful candidates in
the examination shall be required to take a professional oath
before the Board of Civil Engineers or other Government
Officials authorized to administer oaths, prior to entering upon
the practice of the civil engineering profession.

Section 14. Seal and Use of Seal.” All registered civil engineers
shall obtain a seal of such design as the Board shall authorize
and direct: Provided, however, That the serial number of the
certificate issued by the Board shall be included in the design
of the seal. Plans and specifications prepared by, or under the
direct supervision of a registered civil engineer shall be
stamped with said seal during the life of the registrant’s
certificate, and it shall be unlawful for any one to stamp or seal
any documents with said seal after the certificate of registrant
named thereon has expired or has been revoked, unless said
certificate shall have been renewed or re-issued.
1. Registration shall not be required of the following persons:

a. Officers or enlisted men of the United States and Philippine

Armed Forces, and civilian employeesof the Government of the
United States stationed in the Philippines while rendering civil
engineering services for the United States and/or Philippines.
b. Civil engineers or experts called in by the Philippine
Government for consultation, or specific designand
construction of fixed structures as defined under this Act,
provided that their practice shall be limited to such work.

2. Any person residing in the Philippines may make plans on

specifications for any of the following:

a. Any building in chartered cities or in towns with building

ordinances, not exceeding the space requirement specified
therein, requiring the services of a civil engineer. b. Any
wooden building enlargement or alteration which is to be used
for farm purposes only and costingnot more than ten thousand
pesos. c. Provided, however. That there shall be nothing in this
Act that will prevent any person from constructing his own
(wooden or light material) residential house, utilizing the
services of a person or persons required for the purpose,
without the use of a civil engineer, as long as he does no violate
local ordinances of the place where the building is to be
3. Nor shall anything in this Act prevent draftsmen, student
clerk-or-work, superintendents, and other employees of those
lawfully engaged in the practice of civil engineering under the
provisions of this Act, from acting under the instruction, control
or supervision of their employer.

4. Nor shall anything in this Act prevent any person who prior
to the approval of this Act have been lawfully engaged in the
practice of “maestro de obras” to continue as such, provided
they shall not undertake the making of plans supervision for
the following classes of work:

a. Building of concrete whether reinforced or not. b. Building

of more than two stories. c. Building with frames of structural
steel. d. Building of structures intended for public gathering or
assemblies such as theaters, cinematographs, stadia, churches,
or structures of like nature.

5. Nor shall anything in this Act prevent professional architects

and engineers to practice their professions.
Engineers shall not issue a certificate to any person convicted
by a court of competent jurisdiction of any criminal offense
involving moral turpitude, or to any person guilty of immoral or
dishonorable conduct, or to any person guilty of immoral or
dishonorable conduct, or to any person of unsound mind. In
the event of a refusal to issue a certificate to any person, the
Board shall give to the applicant a written statement setting
forth its reason for such action, which statement shall be
incorporated in the records of the Board.

Section 17. Suspension and Revocation of Certificates. “ The

Board shall have the power, after due notice and hearings to
suspend or revoke the certificate of registration for any cause
mentioned in the preceding section.

Section 18. Re-issue and Replacement of Certificates. “ The

Board may, after the expiration of one year from the date of
certificate of registration is revoked and for reasons it may
deem sufficient, entertain an application for a new certificate
of registration from the registrant concerned. Such application
shall be accomplished in the same form prescribed for
examination, but the Board may, in its discretion, exempt the
applicant from taking the requisite examination.
Section 19. Transitory Provisions.” As soon as this Act takes
effect, any person desiring to practice the profession of civil
engineering shall be required to obtain a certificate of
registration in the manner and under the conditions
hereinafter provided. All civil engineers duly licensed under the
provisions of Act Numbered Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-
five, as amended, at the time this Act takes effect, shall be
automatically registered under the provisions hereof.
Certificates of registration held by such persons in good
standing shall have the same force and effect as though the
same have been issued under the provisions of this Act. All
graduates in civil engineering from a school, institute, college,
or university recognized by the Government who have passed
the civil service examination for senior civil engineer and have
been practicing or employed in the Government as such during
five years are exempted from taking examination.
Article IV

ENFORCEMENT OF ACT AND PENAL PROVISIONS

Section 20. Enforcement of the Act by officers of the law.” It shall be the duty of all duly constituted law officers
of the national, provincial, city and municipal governments, or any political subdivisions thereof, to enforce the
provisions of this Act and to prosecute any person violating the same.

Section 21. Registration required.” Unless exempt from registration, no person shall practice or offer to practice
civil engineering in the Philippines without having obtained the proper certificate of registration from the
Board for Civil Engineers.*

Section 22. Penal provisions.” Any person who shall practice or offer to practice civil engineering in the
Philippines without being registered in accordance with the provisions of this Act or any person presenting or
attempting to use as his own the certificate of registration of a registered civil engineer, or any person who
shall give any false or forged evidence of any kind to the Board, or any person who shall impersonate any
registrant civil engineer of different name or any person who shall attempt to use a revoked or suspended
certificate of registration, or any person who shall use in connection with his name or otherwise assume, use
or advertise any title or description tending to convey the impression that he is a civil engineer, without
holding a valid certificate of registration, or any person who shall violate any of the provision of this Act, shall
be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to a fine of not less than five hundred
pesos nor more than two thousand pesos, or to suffer imprisonment for a period of not less than six months
not more than one year, or both, in the discretion of the court.
Article V

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 23. Preparation of plans and supervisions of construction by registered civil engineer.” It shall be unlawful for any person to
order or otherwise cause the construction, reconstruction, or alteration of any building or structure intended for public gathering or
assembly such as theaters, cinematographs, stadia, churches or structures of like nature, and any other engineering structures
mentioned in section two of this Act unless the designs, plans, and specifications of same have been prepared under the responsible
charge of, and signed and sealed by a registered civil engineer, and unless the construction, reconstruction and/or alteration thereof
are executed under the responsible charge and direct supervision of a civil engineer. Plans and designs of structures must be
approved as provided by law or ordinance of a city or province or municipality where the said structure is to be constructed.

Section 24. The practice of civil engineering is a professional service, admission to which must be determined upon individual,
personal qualifications. Hence, no firm, partnership, corporation or association may be registered or licensed as such for the practice
of civil engineering: Provided, however, That persons properly registered and licensed as civil engineers may, among themselves or
with a person or persons properly registered and licensed as architects, form, and obtain registration of, a firm, partnership or
association using the term “Engineers” or “Engineers and Architects,” but, nobody shall be a member or partner of such firm,
partnership or association unless he is duly licensed civil engineer or architect, and the members who are civil engineers shall only
render work and services proper for a civil engineer, as defined in this Act, and the members who are architects shall also only render
work and services proper for an architect, as defined in the law regulating the practice of architecture; individual members of such
firms, partnership or association shall be responsible for their own respective acts.
Section 25. Reciprocity requirements.” No person who is not a citizen of the Philippines at the time he applies to take
the examination shall be allowed to take it unless he can prove in the manner provided by the Rules of Court that, by
specific provision of law, the country of which he is a citizen, subject, or national either admits citizens of the
Philippines to the practice of the same profession without restriction or allows them to
practice it after an examination on terms of strict and absolute equality with citizens, subjects, or nationals of the
country concerned, including the unconditional recognition of degrees issued by institutions of learning duly
recognized for the purpose by the Government of the Philippines: Provided, That if he is not a citizen of the
Philippines, and was admitted to the practice of a profession in the Philippines after December 8, 1941, his active
practice in that profession, either in the Philippines or in the state or country where he was practicing his profession,
shall not have been interrupted for a period of two years or more prior to July 4, 1946, and that the country or state
from which he comes allows the citizens of the Philippines by specific provision of law, to practice the same profession
without restriction or on terms of strict and absolute equality with citizens, subjects or nationals of the country or
state concerned.
Section 26. Roster of civil engineers.” A roster showing the names and places of business of all registered civil
engineers shall be prepared by the Commissioner of PRC periodically but at least once a year. Copies of this roster
shall be placed on file with the PRC and furnished to all department heads, mayors of all chartered cities, to the
Director of Public Works, to such other Bureaus, government entities or agencies and municipal and provincial
authorities as may be deemed necessary and to the public upon request.
Section 27. Repeal.” All laws, parts of laws, orders, ordinances,
or regulations in conflict with the provisions hereof; including
parts of Act Numbered Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five,
as amended, as pertains to the practice of civil engineering, are
hereby repealed, except the provisions of Act Numbered
Thirtyone hundred and fifty nine amending Act Numbered
Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five, pertaining to the practice
of “maestro de obras.”

Section 28. Construction of Act.” If any part or section of this

Act shall be declared unconstitutional, such declarations shall
not invalidate the other provisions hereof.

Section 29. Effectivity.” This Act shall take effect upon its
approval.

Approved, June 17, 1950 (As amended by R.A. No. 1582,

approved on June 16, 1956).
 REPUBLIC ACT No. 1582
An Act to Repeal and Replace Section Twenty-Four of Republic Act Numbered Five Hundred Forty-Four, Entitled "An Act to Regulate the
Practice of Civil Engineering in the Philippines"
Section 1. Section twenty-four of Republic Act Numbered Five hundred forty-four is hereby repealed, and
in lieu thereof, the said section shall provide as follows:
"Sec. 24. The practice of civil engineering is a professional service, admission to which must be determined
upon individual, personal qualifications. Hence, no firm, partnership, corporation or association may be
registered or licensed as such for the practice of civil engineering: Provided, However, That persons
properly registered and licensed as civil engineers may, among themselves or with a person or persons
properly registered and licensed as architects, form, and obtain registration of, a firm, partnership or
association using the term "Engineers" or "Engineers and Architects," but, nobody shall be a member or
partner of such firm, partnership or association unless he is a duly licensed civil engineer or architect, and
the members who are civil engineers shall only render work and services proper for a civil engineer, as
defined in this Act, and the members who are architects shall also only render work and services proper for
an architect, as defined in the law regulating the practice of architecture; individual members of such firms,
partnership or association shall be responsible for their own respective acts.
Section 2. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
Approved: June 16, 1956.
 Republic Act No. 544*
(As Amended by R.A. 1582)
An Act to Regulate the Practice of Civil Engineering
in the Philippines
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

Article I

TITLE OF THE ACT AND DEFINITION OF TERMS

Section 1. Title of Act.” This Act shall be known as the “Civil Engineering Law.”

Section 2. Definition of Terms.”

(a) The practice of civil engineering within the meaning and intent of this Act shall embrace services in
the form of consultation, design, preparation of plans, specifications, estimates, erection, installation and
supervision of the construction of streets, bridges, highways, railroads, airports and hangars, port works,
canals, river and shore improvements, lighthouses, and dry docks; buildings, fixed structures for irrigation, flood
protection, drainage, water supply and sewerage works; demolition of permanent structures; and tunnels. The
enumeration of any work in this section shall not be construed as excluding any other work requiring civil
engineering knowledge and application.

(b) The term “civil engineer” as used in this act shall mean a person duly registered with the Board for
Civil Engineers in the manner as hereinafter provided.

Article II

BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS

Section 3. Composition of Board.” Within thirty days after the approval of this Act there shall be created
a Board of Examiners for Civil Engineers, hereinafter referred to as the Board, to be composed of a chairman
and two members who shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines, upon recommendation of the
Commissioner of PRC. The members of the Board shall hold office for a term of three years after appointment
or until their successors shall have been appointed and shall have qualified. The first members of the Board
appointed under this Act shall hold office for the following terms: One member for one year; one member for
two years; and one member for three years. Each member of the Board shall qualify by taking the proper oath
of office before entering upon the performance of his duties. Any member of the Board may be removed by the
President of the Philippines, upon recommendation by the Professional Regulation Commission for neglect of
duty, incompetency, malpractice, unprofessional, unethical, immoral, or dishonorable conduct, after having
been given opportunity to defend himself in a proper administrative investigation: Provided, That during the
process of investigation, the President of the Philippines, upon the recommendation of the PRC, shall have the
power to suspend such member under investigation and shall appoint a temporary member in his place.
Vacancies in the Board shall be filled for the un expired term only.

Section 4. Powers and Duties of the Board.” The Board for Civil Engineers is vested with authority,
conformable with the provisions of this Act, to administer oaths, issue, suspend and revoke certificates of
registration for the practice of civil engineering, issue certificates of recognition to civil engineers already
registered under this Act for advanced studies, research, and/or highly specialized training in any branch of civil
engineering subject to the approval of the PRC, to investigate such violations of this Act and the regulations,
there under as may come to the knowledge of the Board and, for this purpose, issue subpoena and subpoena
duces tecum to secure appearance of witnesses in connection with the charges presented to the Board, to
inspect at least once a year educational institutions offering courses in civil engineering, civil engineering works,
projects or corporations, established in the Philippines and, for safeguarding of life, health and property, to
discharge such other powers and duties as may affect ethical and technological standards of the civil
engineering profession in the Philippines. For the purpose of this Act, the Director of Public Works and/or his
authorized representative in the provinces and chartered cities shall be ex-officio agents of the Board and as
such it shall be their duty to help in the enforcement of the provisions of this Act. The Board may, with the
approval of the Professional Regulation Commission issue such rules and regulations as may be deemed
necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. The board shall also adopt a code of ethics in the practice of
civil engineering and have an official seal to authenticate its official documents.
 Section 5. Qualifications of Board Members.” Each member of the Board shall, at the time of his
appointment:

a. Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines;

b. Be at least thirty years of age and of good moral character;
c. Be a graduate of civil engineering from a recognized and legally constituted school, institute,
college or university.
d. Be a registered civil engineer duly qualified to practice civil engineering in the Philippines;
e. Have practiced civil engineering, with a certificate as such, for a period of not less than ten years
prior to his appointment.
f. Not be a member of the faculty of any school, institute, college, or university where civil
engineering course is taught, nor have a pecuniary interest in such institutions;
g. No former members of the faculty of any school, institute or university where civil engineering is
taught can become a member of the Board unless he had stopped teaching for at least three
consecutive years.

Section 6. Fees and Compensation of Board.” The Board for Civil Engineers shall charge for each
application for examination the sum of P100 (one hundred) payable to the collecting and disbursing officer of
the PRC upon filing of said application, and for each certificate of registration, fifty pesos. Each member of the
Board shall receive a compensation of fifteen pesos for each applicant examined. A civil engineer in the service
of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines appointed as member of the Board shall receive the
compensation as herein provided, in addition to his salary in the Government. All authorized expenses of the
Board, including the compensation provided for herein, shall be paid by the collecting and disbursing officer of
the PRC out of such appropriation as may be made for the purpose. (See RA 6511 & PD 223)

Section 7. Annual Report.” The Board shall, at the end of each fiscal year, submit to the PRC a detailed
report of its activities and proceedings during the period covered by the fiscal year ended.

Article III

EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION

Section 8. Examination Requirement.” All applicants for registration for the practice of civil engineering
shall berequired to pass a technical examination as hereinafter provided.

Section 9. Holding of Examination.” Examination of candidates desiring to practice civil engineering in

the Philippines shall be given in the City of Manila of each year, provided that such days do not fall on official
holidays, otherwise the examinations shall be held on the days next following.

Section 10. Subjects of Examination.” Applicants for certificate of registration as civil engineer shall be
examined, in the discretion of the Board, on the following subjects: mathematics, including algebra, plane and
spherical trigonometry, analytics, descriptive and solid geometry, differential and integral calculus, and rational
and applied mechanics; hydraulics; surveying, including highway and railroad surveying; plane, topographic and
hydrographic surveying, and advance surveying; design and construction of highways and railroads, masonry
structures, wooden and reinforced concrete buildings, bridges, towers, walls, foundations, piers, ports, wharves,
aqueducts, sanitary engineering works, water supply systems, dikes, dams and irrigation and drainage canals.

Section 11. Executive Officer of the Board.” The Commissioner of Professional Regulation Commission
shall be the executive officer of the Board and shall conduct the examinations given by the said Board. He shall
designate any subordinate officer of the Professional Regulation Commission to act as the Secretary and
custodian of all records including examination papers and minutes of the deliberation of the Board.

Section 12. Qualifications for Examination.” Any person applying for admission to the civil engineering
examination as herein provided shall, prior to the date of the examination, establish to the satisfaction of the
Board that he has the following qualifications:

a. Be at least twenty-one years of age;

b. Be a citizen of the Philippines;
c. Be of good reputation and moral character; and
d. Be a graduate of a four-year course in civil engineering from a school, institute, college or
university recognized by the Government or the State wherein it is established.
 Section 13. Oath of Civil Engineers.” All successful candidates in the examination shall be required to
take a professional oath before the Board of Civil Engineers or other Government Officials authorized to
administer oaths, prior to entering upon the practice of the civil engineering profession.

Section 14. Seal and Use of Seal.” All registered civil engineers shall obtain a seal of such design as
the Board shall authorize and direct: Provided, however, That the serial number of the certificate issued by the
Board shall be included in the design of the seal. Plans and specifications prepared by, or under the direct
supervision of a registered civil engineer shall be stamped with said seal during the life of the registrant’s
certificate, and it shall be unlawful for any one to stamp or seal any documents with said seal after the
certificate of registrant named thereon has expired or has been revoked, unless said certificate shall have been
renewed or re-issued.

Section 15. Exemption from Registration.”

1. Registration shall not be required of the following persons:

a. Officers or enlisted men of the United States and Philippine Armed Forces, and civilian
employeesof the Government of the United States stationed in the Philippines while rendering
civil engineering services for the United States and/or Philippines.
b. Civil engineers or experts called in by the Philippine Government for consultation, or specific
designand construction of fixed structures as defined under this Act, provided that their practice
shall be limited to such work.

2. Any person residing in the Philippines may make plans on specifications for any of the following:

a. Any building in chartered cities or in towns with building ordinances, not exceeding the space
requirement specified therein, requiring the services of a civil engineer.
b. Any wooden building enlargement or alteration which is to be used for farm purposes only and
costingnot more than ten thousand pesos.
c. Provided, however. That there shall be nothing in this Act that will prevent any person from
constructing his own (wooden or light material) residential house, utilizing the services of a
person or persons required for the purpose, without the use of a civil engineer, as long as he
does no violate local ordinances of the place where the building is to be constructed.

3. Nor shall anything in this Act prevent draftsmen, student clerk-or-work, superintendents, and other
employees of those lawfully engaged in the practice of civil engineering under the provisions of this Act, from
acting under the instruction, control or supervision of their employer.

4. Nor shall anything in this Act prevent any person who prior to the approval of this Act have been
lawfully engaged in the practice of “maestro de obras” to continue as such, provided they shall not undertake
the making of plans supervision for the following classes of work:

a. Building of concrete whether reinforced or not.

b. Building of more than two stories.
c. Building with frames of structural steel.
d. Building of structures intended for public gathering or assemblies such as theaters,
cinematographs, stadia, churches, or structures of like nature.

5. Nor shall anything in this Act prevent professional architects and engineers to practice their
professions.

Section 16. Refusal to Issue Certificate.” The Board for Civil Engineers shall not issue a certificate to
any person convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any criminal offense involving moral turpitude, or to
any person guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct, or to any person guilty of immoral or dishonorable
conduct, or to any person of unsound mind. In the event of a refusal to issue a certificate to any person, the
Board shall give to the applicant a written statement setting forth its reason for such action, which statement
shall be incorporated in the records of the Board.

Section 17. Suspension and Revocation of Certificates. “ The Board shall have the power, after due
notice and hearings to suspend or revoke the certificate of registration for any cause mentioned in the
preceding section.

Section 18. Re-issue and Replacement of Certificates. “ The Board may, after the expiration of one year
from the date of certificate of registration is revoked and for reasons it may deem sufficient, entertain an
application for a new certificate of registration from the registrant concerned. Such application shall be
accomplished in the same form prescribed for examination, but the Board may, in its discretion, exempt the
applicant from taking the requisite
examination.
 Section 19. Transitory Provisions.” As soon as this Act takes effect, any person desiring to practice the
profession of civil engineering shall be required to obtain a certificate of registration in the manner and under
the conditions hereinafter provided. All civil engineers duly licensed under the provisions of Act Numbered
Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five, as amended, at the time this Act takes effect, shall be automatically
registered under the provisions hereof. Certificates of registration held by such persons in good standing shall
have the same force and effect as though the same have been issued under the provisions of this Act. All
graduates in civil engineering from a school, institute, college, or university recognized by the Government who
have passed the civil service examination for senior civil engineer and have been practicing or employed in the
Government as such during five years are exempted from taking examination.

Article IV

ENFORCEMENT OF ACT AND PENAL PROVISIONS

Section 20. Enforcement of the Act by officers of the law.” It shall be the duty of all duly constituted law
officers of the national, provincial, city and municipal governments, or any political subdivisions thereof, to
enforce the provisions of this Act and to prosecute any person violating the same.

Section 21. Registration required.” Unless exempt from registration, no person shall practice or offer to
practice civil engineering in the Philippines without having obtained the proper certificate of registration from the
Board for Civil Engineers.*

Section 22. Penal provisions.” Any person who shall practice or offer to practice civil engineering in the
Philippines without being registered in accordance with the provisions of this Act or any person presenting or
attempting to use as his own the certificate of registration of a registered civil engineer, or any person who shall
give any false or forged evidence of any kind to the Board, or any person who shall impersonate any registrant
civil engineer of different name or any person who shall attempt to use a revoked or suspended certificate of
registration, or any person who shall use in connection with his name or otherwise assume, use or advertise
any title or description tending to convey the impression that he is a civil engineer, without holding a valid
certificate of registration, or any person who shall violate any of the provision of this Act, shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor and shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to a fine of not less than five hundred pesos nor more
than two thousand pesos, or to suffer imprisonment for a period of not less than six months not more than one
year, or both, in the discretion of the court.

Article V

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 23. Preparation of plans and supervisions of construction by registered civil engineer.” It shall
be unlawful for any person to order or otherwise cause the construction, reconstruction, or alteration of any
building or structure intended for public gathering or assembly such as theaters, cinematographs, stadia,
churches or structures of like nature, and any other engineering structures mentioned in section two of this Act
unless the designs, plans, and specifications of same have been prepared under the responsible charge of, and
signed and sealed by a registered civil engineer, and unless the construction, reconstruction and/or alteration
thereof are executed under the responsible charge and direct supervision of a civil engineer. Plans and designs
of structures must be approved as provided by law or ordinance of a city or province or municipality where the
said structure is to be constructed.

Section 24. The practice of civil engineering is a professional service, admission to which must be
determined upon individual, personal qualifications. Hence, no firm, partnership, corporation or association may
be registered or licensed as such for the practice of civil engineering: Provided, however, That persons properly
registered and licensed as civil engineers may, among themselves or with a person or persons properly
registered and licensed as architects, form, and obtain registration of, a firm, partnership or association using
the term “Engineers” or “Engineers and Architects,” but, nobody shall be a member or partner of such firm,
partnership or association unless he is duly licensed civil engineer or architect, and the members who are civil
engineers shall only render work and services proper for a civil engineer, as defined in this Act, and the
members who are architects shall also only render work and services proper for an architect, as defined in the
law regulating the practice of architecture; individual members of such firms, partnership or association shall be
responsible for their own respective acts.

Section 25. Reciprocity requirements.” No person who is not a citizen of the Philippines at the time he
applies to take the examination shall be allowed to take it unless he can prove in the manner provided by the
Rules of Court that, by specific provision of law, the country of which he is a citizen, subject, or national either
admits citizens of the Philippines to the practice of the same profession without restriction or allows them to
practice it after an examination on terms of strict and absolute equality with citizens, subjects, or nationals of the
country concerned, including the unconditional recognition of degrees issued by institutions of learning duly
recognized for the purpose by the Government of the Philippines: Provided, That if he is not a citizen of the
Philippines, and was admitted to the practice of a profession in the Philippines after December 8, 1941, his
active practice in that profession, either in the Philippines or in the state or country where he was practicing his
profession, shall not have been interrupted for a period of two years or more prior to July 4, 1946, and that the
country or state from which he comes allows the citizens of the Philippines by specific provision of law, to
practice the same profession without restriction or on terms of strict and absolute equality with citizens, subjects
or nationals of the country or state concerned.

Section 26. Roster of civil engineers.” A roster showing the names and places of business of all
registered civil engineers shall be prepared by the Commissioner of PRC periodically but at least once a year.
Copies of this roster shall be placed on file with the PRC and furnished to all department heads, mayors of all
chartered cities, to the Director of Public Works, to such other Bureaus, government entities or agencies and
municipal and provincial authorities as may be deemed necessary and to the public upon request.

Section 27. Repeal.” All laws, parts of laws, orders, ordinances, or regulations in conflict with the
provisions hereof; including parts of Act Numbered Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five, as amended, as
pertains to the practice of civil engineering, are hereby repealed, except the provisions of Act Numbered Thirty-
one hundred and fifty nine amending Act Numbered Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five, pertaining to the
practice of “maestro de obras.”

Section 28. Construction of Act.” If any part or section of this Act shall be declared unconstitutional,
such declarations shall not invalidate the other provisions hereof.

Section 29. Effectivity.” This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved, June 17, 1950 (As amended by R.A. No. 1582, approved on June 16, 1956).
Intended Learning
Outcomes -
Upon completion
of the course Lecture:
students will be
Civil Engineering Ethics
able to know the
governing Civil
Engineering Laws,
Ethics, Codes and
Standards
 Report 2 -
Civil Code of Ethics for Civil Engineers
Engineering
Ethics
Code of Ethics for Civil Engineers

It shall be considered unprofessional and inconsistent with

honorable and dignified bearing for any registered Civil
Engineer:

To act for his clients* in professional matters otherwise

than as a faithful agent or trustee, or to accept any
remuneration other than his stated charges for services
rendered to his clients.

To attempt to injure falsely or maliciously, directly or

indirectly, the professional reputation, prospects, or
business of another Engineer.

To attempt to supplant another Engineer after definite

steps have been taken toward his employment.
To compete with another Engineer for employment on the
basis of his professional charges, by reducing his usual
charges and in his manner attempting to underbid after
being informed of the charges named by another.

To review the work of another Engineer for the same

client, except with the knowledge or consent of such
Engineer, or unless the connection of such Engineer with
the work has been terminated.

To advertise in self-laudatory language, or in any other

manner derogatory to the dignity of the Profession.

To use the advantages of a salaried position to compete

unfairly with Engineers in private practice.

To act in any manner or engage in any practice which will

tend to bring discredit on the honor or dignity of the
Engineering Profession.
Fundamental Principles
Civil engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor
and dignity of the civil engineering profession by:
1. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of
human welfare and the environment;
2. Being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity the
public, their employers/employees and clients;
3. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of
the civil engineering profession; and
4, Supporting the professional and technical societies of
their disciplines.
Fundamental Canons
1. Civil Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health
and welfare of the public and shall strive to comply
with the principles of sustainable development in the
performance of their duties.
2. Civil Engineers shall perform services only in areas of
their competence.
3. Civil Engineers shall issue public statements only in an
objective and truthful manner.
4. Civil Engineers shall act in professional matters for
each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees,
and shall avoid conflicts of interest.
5. Civil Engineers shall build their professional reputation
on the merit of their services and shall not compete
unfairly with others.
6. Civil Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold
and enhance the honor, integrity, and dignity of the
civil engineering profession.
7. Civil Engineers shall continue their professional
development throughout their careers, and shall
provide opportunities for the professional development
of those civil engineers under their supervision.
 • Reference: Ethics and the Filipino
Study of from the book
Ethics by
R.B. Agapay
File Edit Format View CES41S3

CE Laws, Ethics and Contracts B I U

Charging for Civil

Engineering Services
GROUP 1
Aparta, Ivan
Arevalo, Darren John
Bacaoco, Sherilyn
Dorde, Arianne Faith
 Salary Cost Times Multiplier
Plus Direct Non-Salary Expense
 SALARY COST TIMES MULTIPLIER PLUS
DIRECT NON-SALARY EXPENSE

The charges for engineering services are based mainly on direct cost.

The following factors are pertinent to the salary cost times multiplier version of
this method (they may also apply for other methods of charging for civil engineering
services)

1. Salary cost is defined as "direct salaries plus employee benefits" and includes
salaries for partners or principals and for technical, professional, administrative and
clerical staff directly". Chargeable to the project: sick leave, vacation, holiday and
Incentive pay; unemployment and other payroll taxes; and the contributions for social
security, workers' compensation insurance retirement, medical, and other group
benefits.

Note that salaries or imputed salaries of partners or principals, to the extent that
they perform technical or advisory services directly chargeable to the project, are to
be reimbursed in the same way as are other direct salary costs.
 SALARY COST TIMES MULTIPLIER PLUS
DIRECT NON-SALARY EXPENSE

2. Multiplier which is applied to salary cost is a factor that compensates the Civil
Engineer for overhead plus a reasonable margin for contingencies, interest or invested
capital readiness to serve, and profit. The size of the multiplier will vary with the
type of service, the nature and experience of the civil engineering firm, and the
geographic area in which its office is located.

The average multiplier should be between 2.5 and 3.0 times the average salary cost. For
some services, however, a higher multiplier is usually applicable for services
requiring recommendations based on extensive experience and special knowledge, or for
services involving expert testimony in legal proceedings. The Multiplier may also
ncrease with the experience and special capabilities of the Civil Engineer's firm.
 SALARY COST TIMES MULTIPLIER PLUS
DIRECT NON-SALARY EXPENSE

3. Direct non-salary expenses usually incurred in engineering engagements may include

the following

a. Living and traveling expenses of principals and employee's when away from the home
office on business connected with the project.

b. Identifiable communications expenses.

c. Expenses for services and equipment directly applicable to the project.

d. Identifiable drafting supplies, stenographic supplies, and reproduction work.

e. Expenses for unusual insurance and specialized health and safety programs and for
special clothing for projects with extraordinary risks such as toxic and hazardous
waste conditions.
 SALARY COST TIMES MULTIPLIER PLUS
DIRECT NON-SALARY EXPENSE

4. The Civil Engineers overhead which comprises a major portion of the compensation
generated by the multiplier on salary cost, includes the following indirect costs:

a. Provisions for office expenses.

b. Taxes and insurance other than those included as salary cost.

c. Library and periodical expenses.

d. Executive, administrative, accounting, legal, stenographic, and clerical salaries

and expenses.
 SALARY COST TIMES MULTIPLIER PLUS
DIRECT NON-SALARY EXPENSE

e. Business development expenses.

f. Provision for loss of productive time.

g. Costs of acquiring and maintaining computers, development of software, and training

staff when not billed as a direct cost.

h.Accounting records. The Civil Engineer who performs services under a salary cost
times multiplier agreement or other cost-based agreement must provide the accounting
necessary to segregate and record the appropriate expenditures. Adequately detailed
hourly time records must be maintained for principals, engineers and other employees
who devote; time to the project.

Applicable payroll records, together with receipts or other documents to substantiate

chargeable expenditures, must be available for inspection audit by the client if
required by contract.
Hourly Billing Rate
 HOURLY BILLING RATE

HOURLY The hourly billing rate is the amount you bill

clients for each hour you spend working on their

BILLING projects.

RATE You must keep account of each employee's time

spent working on the project, including routine
chores necessary for its completion.

•Hourly billing is easy to adjust when there are alterations mid-project.

•It is practical.

ADVANTAGES •It can serve as a benchmark for clients to assess work from previous
projects that has similar tasks

•The hourly billing rate might limit the company’s income.

•The amount of work done might not necessarily be in line with the
DISADVANTAGES amount of time it takes.
There is an uncertainty with regards to the total cost of the project
Per Diem
 PER DIEM

The term “per diem” normally refers to an eight hour

work. Direct personnel are frequently charged on a
per diem basis.

Per diem rates in civil engineering will be

determined by the following factors: complexity,

PER
risk, services, the civil engineer's professional
status, expertise, and experience.

DIEM When away from the home office, Civil Engineers are
additionally reimbursed for their travel, lodging,
and other out-of-pocket expenditures.

The time spent providing civil engineers with their

services, including travel and standby time, should
be reimbursed accordingly.
 CHARGING FOR CIVIL
ENGINEERING SERVICES
By Group 2
Presenters:
ENOJO
GARBOSA
JOCSON
LABIOS
CHARGING FOR
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SERVICES:
COST PLUS FIXED FEE.
FIXED PRICE.
PERCENTAGE OF CONSTRUCTION
COST.
SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM FEES
COST PLUS FIXED FEE.

A COST-PLUS-FIXED-FEE CONTRACT IS A COST-REIMBURSEMENT CONTRACT THAT

PROVIDES FOR PAYMENT TO THE CONTRACTOR OF A NEGOTIATED FEE THAT IS
FIXED AT THE INCEPTION OF THE CONTRACT. THE FIXED FEE DOES NOT VARY WITH
THE ACTUAL COST BUT MAY BE ADJUSTED AS A RESULT OF CHANGES IN THE WORK
TO BE PERFORMED UNDER THE CONTRACT.
TYPES OF COST PLUS CONTRACTS

Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract

Cost Plus Variable Fee Contract
Cost Plus Fixed Percentage Contract
Cost Plus Variable Percentage
Contract/Sliding Scale Percentage
 Advantages Disadvantages
Eliminate some risk for the contractor This leads to the longer project
Allows the focus to shift from overall timeline
cost to quality of work done It leads to disputes when trying to
It can be used to put a limit or cap on recover construction-related
the amount of money that the expenses
contractor can spend on a project. Requires additional resources to
Contractor gets flexibility reproduce and justify all related costs.
Budget-friendly contract Accounting for all indirect costs
creates difficulties for the contractor
The total cost is uncertain
Also known as fixed price contract.
The meaning of LUMP SUM is an
amount of money that is paid at one
time.
 LUMP SUM
CONTRACT
Under a lump sum contract, also known as a stipulated
sum contract, the project owner provides explicit
specifications for the work, and the contractor provides a
fixed price for the project. These contracts require the
owner to complete the project’s plans, designs,
specifications and schedule before the contractor can
establish a price.
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

THE TOTAL PRICE IS KNOWN AND

HAS A FULLY DEFINED SCOPE

THE CONTRACTOR HAS MORE

INCENTIVE TO REDUCE HIS COST TO
INCREASE PROFIT

LUMP SUM CONTRACTS ALSO

REQUIRE LESS PAPERWORK,
MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING,
DECREASING ADMINISTRATIVE
COSTS.
Variations in Lump Sum Contracts

Variations are prevalent triggers of disputes in

construction projects. With lump sum contracts, any
change in the plan, scope or costs is considered a
variation. The most common causes of variations include:

Design errors, omissions and discrepancies

Incorrect interpretation of plans or designs
Specification changes
Increases or decreases in necessary material
quantities
PERCENTAGE OF CONSTRUCTION
COST.
- IS DEFINED AS THE ESTIMATED TOTAL COST OF CONSTRUCTING THE FACILITY TO
BE COVERED BY THE PROPOSED DETAILED DESIGN.

-THIS METHOD IS SELDOM USED BECAUSE OF THE INCREASING COMPLEXITY AND

LARGE VARIATION IN TASKS FOR PROJECTS.
PERCENTAGE OF CONSTRUCTION
COST.
-MAY BE USED TO DETERMINE THE COMPENSATION OF THE ENGINEER FOR THE
SERVICES WHERE THE PRINCIPAL RESPONSIBILITY IS THE DETAILED DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF FACILITIES TO BE CONSTRUCTED.
THE PERCENTAGE FEE SHALL NOT EXCEED:
A) FEASIBILITY STUDIES - 3%
B) DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN - 6%
C) DETAILED ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING DESIGN - 8%
D) CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION - 10%
SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM FEES

CERTAIN PRINCIPLES SHOULD BE OBSERVED AS FOLLOWS:

1. WHEN DOING WORK ON FOREIGN-ASSISTED PROJECTS, OR IN PROJECTS WHERE

INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS PARTICIPATE, THE CIVIL ENGINEER PERFORMING
SIMILAR OR EQUIVALENT WORK, SHOULD ACCEPT COMPENSATION THAT
APPROXIMATES THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD RATES
SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM FEES

CERTAIN PRINCIPLES SHOULD BE OBSERVED AS FOLLOWS:

2. CIVIL ENGINEERS REGULARLY EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR SHALL HAVE A

MINIMUM COMPENSATION CORRESPONDING TO 10% MORE THAN THE MINIMUM
WAGE PREVAILING IN THE REGION AS A BASIC MONTHLY SALARY. CIVIL
ENGINEERS EMPLOYED IN THE GOVERNMENT SECTOR SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM
BASIC MONTHLY SALARY CORRESPONDING TO APPROPRIATE ENTRY POSITIONS
PROVIDED BY THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION.
SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM FEES

CERTAIN PRINCIPLES SHOULD BE OBSERVED AS FOLLOWS:

3. A CIVIL ENGINEER EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR WHO SIGNS AND SEALS
THE CIVIL ENGINEERING PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS AND OTHER RELATED
DOCUMENTS OF A CERTAIN PROJECT FOR AND ON BEHALF OF HIS EMPLOYERS
SHALL BE COMPENSATED WITH A MINIMUM OF 10% OF THE PROFESSIONAL FEE
FOR THE PROJECT, OVER AND ABOVE THE BASIC MONTHLY SALARY
MINIMUM COMPENSATION
FOR CE AS A PRIME PROFESSIONAL
GROUP I -SIMPLE STRUCTURES, ONE STOREY BUILDINGS, WAREHOUSES,
MARKET BUILDINGS AND COMPARABLE PROJECTS.

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION COST MINIMUM BASIC FEES

P10 MILLION AND LESS 6%
OVER P10M TO P20M P600,000 PLUS 5.5%
OVER P20M TO P30M P1,150,000 PLUS 4.5% EXCESS OF P20M
OVER P30 MILLION P1,600,000 PLUS 3.5% EXCESS OF P30M
MINIMUM COMPENSATION
FOR CE AS A PRIME PROFESSIONAL
GROUP II -BUILDINGS OF 3 TO 14 FLOORS, TOWERS, TANKS, INDUSTRIAL
BUILDINGS, PIERS, AND COMPARABLE PROJECTS.

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION COST MINIMUM BASIC FEES

P10 MILLION AND LESS 7%
OVER P10M TO P20M P200,000 PLUS 6.5% EXCESS OF P10M
OVER P20M TO P30M P1,350,000 PLUS 5.5% EXCESS OF P20M
OVER P30 MILLION P1,900,000 PLUS 4.5% EXCESS OF P30M
MINIMUM COMPENSATION
FOR CE AS A PRIME PROFESSIONAL
GROUP III - BUILDINGS OF 15 OR MORE FLOORS, LONG SPAN AND COMPLEX
BRIDGES, HIGH DAMS, PORT WORKS, POWER PLANTS.

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION COST MINIMUM BASIC FEES

P10 MILLION AND LESS 8%
OVER P10M TO P20M P800,000 PLUS 7.5% EXCESS OF P10M
OVER P20M TO P30M P1,550,000 PLUS 6.5% EXCESS OF P20M
OVER P30 MILLION P2,200,000 PLUS 5.5% EXCESS OF P30M

IF THE CIVIL ENGINEER IS NOT THE PRIME PROFESSIONAL BUT RENDERS BASIC ENGINEERING
SERVICES ONLY, HIS FEE SHALL BE A MINIMUM OF 25% OF THE PRIME PROFESSIONAL FEE.
MINIMUM COMPENSATION
FOR CE AS A PRIME PROFESSIONAL
GROUP IV -HOTELS, LARGE APARTMENTS BUILDINGS, SHOPPING CENTERS,
RESORTS, HOSPITALS, AND COMPARABLE PROJECTS.

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION COST MINIMUM BASIC FEES

P10 MILLION AND LESS 1.05%
OVER P10M TO P20M P105,000 PLUS 0.975% EXCESS OF P10M
OVER P20M TO P30M P202,500 PLUS 0.825% EXCESS OF P20M
OVER P30 MILLION P285,000 PLUS 0.675% EXCESS OF P30M
MINIMUM COMPENSATION FOR CE
FOR RENDERING THE FF. SERVICES
1. VALUE ENGINEERING 25% OF PROFESSIONAL FEE + 25% OF SAVINGS
2. EXPERT WITNESS P2000/APPEARANCE
3. ACADEMIC SERVICES
BS DEGREE HOLDER P75/HR - P150/HR
MASTER DEGREE HOLDER P150/HR - P250/HR
DOCTORATE DEGREE HOLDER P250/HR - P400/HR
LECTURER (PICE-CPD) P500/HR
TUTOR P500/HR
RESOURCE SPEAKER P500/HR
WRITER/AUTHOR P3000/ARTICLE
THE END.
 GROUP 3

TOTAL PROJECT COST

LIPIT MAGPANTAY MARANAN MERCADO
TOTAL PROJECT COST

Probable total cost is a major cost

concern of the client throughtout
the planning design, and
construction phases of a project.

CLASSIFICATION OF TPC:

01 Direct Costs

02 Indirect Costs
 TOTAL PROJECT COST
The probable capital cost, often used to establish budgets for a
typical project that is made up of professional engineering costs,
construction costs, legal and land costs, owner's costs, and
contingency allowance for unknowns
 TOTAL PROJECT COST
01 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING COST 02 CONSTRUCTION COST
PROFESSIONAL
ENGINEERING
COST
Scope of work a civil engineer is often engaged to
make a study and to render a planning report on
the contemplated project, including alternative
solutions, layouts, and locations along with initial
estimates of the probable project cost.

This includes the cost for field or traffic surveys,

planning analyses, geotechnical explorations and
analyses, in addition to the direct engineering
cost.
THREE FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTES
ASSOCIATED WITH PERFORMING
AN ACTIVITY OR THE ACQUISITION
OF AN ASSET.

price (cost) ,
features (performance) , and
availability (schedule).
COST ENGINEERS /
ESTIMATORS : WHO
ARE THEY AND WHAT
DO THEY DO?
Hired by different entities.

Estimate building costs

May have different titles (cost estimator,

project control leader, etc) yet specialize in one
functional aspect of the project process.
COST ENGINEERS /
ESTIMATORS : WHO
ARE THEY AND WHAT
DO THEY DO?
Cost engineers determines the budgetary and
feasibility of a project.

Estimate building costs which will be a factor

for construction bidding.
CONSTRUCTION
COST
Construction cost is the estimated total cost of
constructing the facility to be covered by the
proposed detailed design or constructing
supervision services, excluding the fees and other
cost of such services, the cost of land and right-of-
way, and legal administrative expenses of the
agency. The estimated construction cost must be
approved by the client before the invitation to
submit technical proposal is issued.
CONSTRUCTION
COST : FACTORS
TO CONSIDER
TIMING
WEATHER
SCHEDULE
RIMBERIO CO

THANK YOU!
 Group 4

T o t a l P r o j e c t Cost: L e g a l ,
Land, A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ,
S t a f f i n g , a n d F i n a n c i a l Co s ts .
Contingency Allowance
by: MONEVA, PAGKATIPUNAN, PUMENTO, RUBIO CE 5 9 3 - CES41S3
Introduction

What is Total Project Cost?

Consists of all costs specific to a project incurred prior to the start-up of facility
operation. All research and development, operating, plant, and capital equipment
costs specifically associated with a project.

It is the total funds needed to complete the project or work that consists of a Direct
Cost and Indirect Cost
T o t a l P r o j e c t Cost: Legal, Land, A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ,
Staffing, and Financial Costs

1. Legal costs
Construction Audits
Construction Bonds

2.Land costs
Purchase cost of land property
Preparation cost of land property

3. Administrative costs
T o t a l P r o j e c t Cost: Legal, Land, A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ,
Staffing, and Financial Costs

4. Staffing costs
Project Manager
Project Engineer
Foreman
Skilled Worker
Labor

5. Financial cost
 CONTINGENCY ALLOWANCE

What is Contingency?

Contingencies are estimates of downside risks that account for the

unknown risks associated with a project. Contingencies are
typically costs that are held in reserve to deal with unforeseen
circumstances.
 CONTINGENCY ALLOWANCE

Contingencies should be routinely added to the basic cost estimate to

account for intangible costs. It is common practice to add 20% or more
to the estimated probable total project cost at the end of the study and
report phase, then reduce this to 10% at the end of final design and 5%
when construction bids are received. Larger or more complicated
projects may necessitate more contingencies.
Thank
you!
 GROUP 5
SANCHEZ - SORIANO - SUBITO - TABURAZA - TIAMZON -VINLUAN

Government Procurement Reform Act

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9184
 aN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE MODERNIZATION, STANDARDIZATION AND REGULATION OF
THE PROCUREMENT ACTIVITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

ARTICLE I GENERAL PROVISIONS

SECTION 1. Short Title.

This Act shall be known as the “Government Procurement Reform Act.”

SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy.

It is the declared policy of the State to promote the ideals of good governance in all
its branches, departments, agencies, subdivisions, and instrumentalities, including
government-owned and/or -controlled corporations, and local government units

SEC. 3. Governing Principles on Government Procurement.

All procurement of the national government, its departments, bureaus, offices and
agencies, including state universities and colleges, government-owned and/or -
controlled corporations, government financial institutions and local government
units, shall, in all cases, be governed by these principles:
 SEC. 3. Governing Principles on Government Procurement.
(a) Transparency in the procurement process and in the implementation of procurement
contracts.

(b) Competitiveness by extending equal opportunity to enable private contracting parties who
are eligible and qualified to participate in public bidding.

(c) Streamlined procurement process that will uniformly apply to all government procurement.
The procurement process shall be simple and made adaptable to advances in modern
technology in order to ensure an effective and efficient method.

(d) System of accountability where both the public officials directly or indirectly involved in the
procurement process as well as in the implementation of procurement contracts and the private
parties that deal with government are, when warranted by circumstances, investigated and held
liable for their actions relative thereto.

(e) Public monitoring of the procurement process and the implementation of awarded contracts
with the end in view of guaranteeing that these contracts are awarded pursuant to the provisions
of this Act and its implementing rules and regulations, and that all these contracts are performed
strictly according to specifications.
SEC. 4. Scope and Application SEC. 5. Definition of Terms.
(a) Approved Budget for the
This Act shall apply to the Procurement Contract (ABC)
of Infrastructure Projects, Goods, and (b) BAC
Consulting Services, regardless of source (c) Bidding Documents
of funds, whether local or foreign, by all (d) Bid
branches and instrumentalities of (e) Competitive Bidding
government, its departments, offices (f) Consulting Services
and agencies, including government- (g) G-EPS
owned and/or -controlled corporations (h) Goods
and local government units, subject to (i) GPPB
the provisions of Commonwealth Act No. (j) Head of the Procuring Entity
138. Any treaty or international or (k) Infrastructure Projects
executive agreement affecting the (l) IRR
subject matter of this Act to which the (m) Portal
Philippine government is a signatory
(n) Procurement
shall be observed.
(o) Procuring Entity
SEC. 6. Standardization of ARTICLE II PROCUREMENT PLANNING
Procurement Process and Forms. SEC. 7. Procurement Planning and Budgeting Linkage.
All procurement should be within the approved budget of
To systematize the procurement the Procuring Entity and should be meticulously and
judiciously planned by the Procuring Entity concerned.
process, avoid confusion and ensure
Consistent with government fiscal discipline measures, only
transparency, the procurement
those considered crucial to the efficient discharge of
process, including the forms to be governmental functions shall be included in the Annual
used, shall be standardized insofar Procurement Plan to be specified in the IRR.
as practicable. For this purpose, the
GPPB shall pursue the development No government Procurement shall be undertaken unless it
of generic procurement manuals is in accordance with the approved Annual Procurement Plan
and standard bidding forms, the use of the Procuring Entity. The Annual Procurement Plan shall be
approved by the Head of the Procuring Entity and must be
of which once issued shall be
consistent with its duly approved yearly budget. The Annual
mandatory upon all Procuring
Procurement Plan shall be formulated and revised only in
Entities accordance with the guidelines set forth in the IRR. In the case
of Infrastructure Projects, the Plan shall include engineering
design and acquisition of right-of-way.
 ARTICLE III PROCUREMENT BY ELECTRONIC MEANS

SEC. 8. Procurement By Electronic Means.

To promote transparency and efficiency, information and communications technology shall

be utilized in the conduct of procurement procedures. Accordingly, there shall be a single
portal that shall serve as the primary source of information on all government procurement.
The G-EPS shall serve as the primary and definitive source of information on government
procurement. Further, the GPPB is authorized to approve changes in the procurement process
to adapt to improvements in modern technology, provided that such modifications are
consistent with the provisions of Section 3 of this Act.

SEC. 9. Security, Integrity and Confidentiality.

The G-EPS shall ensure the security, integrity and confidentiality of documents submitted
through the system. It shall include a feature that provides for an audit trail for on-line
transactions and allow the Commission on Audit to verify the security and integrity of the
systems at any time
ARTICLE IV COMPETITIVE BIDDINg
SEC. 10. Competitive Bidding.
All Procurement shall be done through Competitive Bidding, except as provided for in Article
XVI of this Act.

ARTICLE V BIDS AND AWARDS COMMITTE

SEC. 11. The BAC and its Composition.
Each procuring entity shall establish a single BAC for its procurement. The BAC shall have at
least five (5) members, but not more than seven (7) members. It shall be chaired by at least
a third ranking permanent official of the procuring entity other than its head, and its
composition shall be specified in the IRR. Alternatively, as may be deemed fit by the head of
the procuring entity, there may be separate BACs where the number and complexity of the
items to be procured shall so warrant. Similar BACs for decentralized and lower level offices
may be formed when deemed necessary by the head of the procuring entity. The members
of the BAC shall be designated by the Head of Procuring Entity. However, in no case shall the
approving authority be a member of the BAC
 SEC. 12. Functions of the BAC

The BAC shall have the following functions: In proper cases, the BAC shall also
Advertise and/or post the invitation to bid recommend to the Head of the Procuring
Conduct pre-procurement and pre-bid conferences, Entity the use of Alternative Methods of
Determine the eligibility of prospective bidders, Procurement as provided for in Article XVI
receive bids, hereof
Conduct the evaluation of bids,
Undertake post-qualification proceedings, Ensuring that the Procuring Entity abides by
Recommend award of contracts to the Head of the the standards set forth by this Act and the
Procuring Entity or his duly authorized representative IRR, and it shall prepare a procurement
monitoring report that shall be approved and
Provided, That in the event the Head of the Procuring Entity submitted by the Head of the Procuring Entity
shall disapprove such recommendation, such disapproval
to the GPPB on a semestral basis.
shall be based only on valid, reasonable and justifiable
grounds to be expressed in writing, copy furnished the BAC;
recommend the imposition of sanctions in accordance with
Article XXIII, and perform such other related functions as
may be necessary, including the creation of a Technical
Working Group from a pool of technical, financial and/or
legal experts to assist in the procurement process.
SEC. 13. Observers
To enhance the transparency of the process, the
BAC shall, in all stages of the procurement
process, invite, in addition to the representative of
the Commission on Audit

at least two (2) observers to sit in its

proceedings
one (1) from a duly recognized private group
in a sector or discipline relevant to the
procurement at hand
and the other from a non-government
organization: Provided, however, That they do
not have any direct or indirect interest in the
contract to be bid out. The observers should
be duly registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission and should meet the
criteria for observers as set forth in the IRR
 SEC. 14. BAC Secretariat.

To assist the BAC in the conduct of its functions, the Head of the
Procuring Entityshall create a Secretariat that will serve as the main
supportunit of the BAC. The Head of the Procuring Entity may also
designate an existing organic office within the agency to serveas the
Secretariat.

SEC. 15. Honoraria of BAC Members.

The Procuring Entity may grant payment of honoraria to the BAC members
in an amount not to exceed twenty five percent (25%) of their respective
basic monthly salary subject to availability of funds. For this purpose, the
Department of Budget and Management (DBM) shall promulgate the
necessary guidelines.
SEC. 16. Professionalization of BAC, BAC ARTICLE VI PREPARATION OF BIDDING
Secretariat and Technical Working Group DOCUMENTS
Members.
SEC. 17. Form and Contents of Bidding
The GPPB shall establish a Documents.
sustained training program for
The Bidding Documents shall be
developing the capacity of the
prepared by the Procuring Entity
BACs, BAC Secretariats and
following the standard forms and
Technical Working Groups of
manuals prescribed by the GPPB. The
Procuring Entities, and
Bidding Documents shall include the
professionalize the same.
following:
(a) Approved Budget for the Contract;
(b)Instructions to Bidders
(c) Terms of Reference;
(d) Eligibility Requirements;
(e) Plans and Technical Specifications;
(f) Form of Bid, Price Form, and List of Goods or
Bill of Quantities;
(g) Delivery Time or Completion Schedule;
(h) Form and Amountof Bid Security;
(i)Form and Amount of Performance Security and
Warranty; and,
(j) Form of Contract,and General and Special
Conditions of Contract.
SEC. 18. Reference to Brand Names.

Specifications for the Procurement of Goods shall be based on relevant

characteristics and/or performance requirements. Reference to brand names shall
not be allowed.

SEC. 19. Access to Information.

In all stages of the preparation of the Bidding Documents, the Procuring Entity shall
ensure equal access to information. Prior to their official release, no aspect of the
Bidding Documents shall be divulged or released to any prospective bidderor person
havingdirect or indirect interest in the project to be procured.
ARTICLE VII INVITATION TO BID SEC. 21. Advertising and Contents
SEC. 20. Pre-Procurement Conference. of the Invitation to Bid.
In line with the principle of transparency
and competitiveness, all Invitations to Bid
for contracts under competitive bidding
Prior to the issuance of the
shall be advertised by the Procuring Entity
Invitation to Bid, the BAC is
in such manner and for such length of
mandated to hold a pre- time as may be necessary under the
procurement conference on each circumstances, in order to ensure the
and everyprocurement, except widest possible dissemination thereof,
those contracts below a certain such as, but not limited to, posting in the
level or amount specified in the Procuring Entity’s premises, in
newspapers of general circulation, the G-
IRR, in which case, the holdingof
EPS and the website of the Procuring
the same is optional. Entity, if available. The details and
mechanics of implementation shall be
provided in the IRR to be promulgated
under this Act.
SEC. 22. Pre-bid Conference. ARTICLE VIII RECEIPT AND OPENINGOF BIDS
SEC. 23. Eligibility Requirements for the Procurement of Goods
and Infrastructure Projects.
At least one pre-bid conference shall The BAC or, under special circumstances specified in the
be conducted for each procurement, IRR, its duly designated organic office shall determine the
unless otherwise provided in the IRR. eligibility of prospective bidders for the procurement of Goods
and Infrastructure Projects, based on the bidders’ compliance
Subject to the approval of the BAC, a
with the eligibility requirements within the period set forth in
pre-bid conference may also be the Invitation to Bid. The eligibility requirements shall provide
conducted upon the written request for fair and equal access to all prospective bidders.The
of any prospective bidder. documents submitted in satisfaction of the eligibility
requirements shall be made under oath by the prospective
bidder or by his duly authorized representative certifying to
the correctness of the statements made and the
completeness and authenticity of the documentssubmitted.
SEC. 24. Eligibility Requirements and Short Listing for Consulting Services.
The eligibility of prospective bidders for the Procurement of Consulting Services
shall be determined by their compliance with the eligibility requirements
prescribed for the Competitive Bidding concerned, within the period stated in
the Invitation to Bid. The eligibility requirements shall provide for fair and equal
access to all prospective bidders. The prospective biddershall certify under oath
as to the correctness of the statements made, and the completeness and
authenticity of thedocuments submitted.

SEC. 25. Submission and Receiptof Bids.

A bid shall have two (2) components, namely the technical and financial
components which should be in separate sealed envelopes, and which shall be
submitted simultaneously. The bids shall be received by the BAC on such date,
time and place specified in the invitation to bid. The deadline for the receipt of bids
shall be fixed by the BAC, giving it sufficient time to complete the bidding process
and giving the prospective bidders sufficient time to study and prepare their bids.
The deadline shall also consider the urgency of the procurement involved.
 SEC. 26. Modification and Withdrawal of Bids.

A bidder may modify his bid, provided that

this is done before the deadline for the
receipt of bids. The modification shall be
submitted in a sealed envelope duly
identified as a modification of the original
bid and stamped received by the BAC.
 Sec 27. Bid security. Sec 28. Bid validity.
All Bids shall be accompanied by a Bid Bids and Bid securities shall be valid for
security, which shall serve as a such reasonable period of time
guarantee that, after receipt of the indicated in the Bidding Documents.
Notice of Award, the winning bidder shall The duration for each undertaking shall
enter into a contract with the Procuring take into account the time involved in
Entity within the stipulated time and the process of Bid evaluation and
furnish the required performance award of contract.
security. The specific amounts and
allowable forms of the Bid security shall
be prescribed in the Implementing rules
and regulations.
 Sec 29. Bid opening.

The BAC shall publicly open all bids at

the time, date, and place specified in the
bidding documents. The minutes of the
bid opening shall be made available to
the public upon written request and
payment of a specified fee
 Sec 30. Preliminary Examination of
Bids.
ARTICLE IX
BID EVALUATIOn Prior to Bid evaluation, the BAC shall
examine first the technical components of
the bids using "pass/fail" criteria to
determine whether all required documents
are present. Only bids that are determined
to contain all the bid requirements of the
technical component shall be considered
for opening and evaluation of their financial
component
 Sec 32. Bid for the Procurement
Sec 31. Ceiling for bid of Goods and Infrastructure
prices. Projects.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit.

The ABC shall be the upper limit or For the procurement of Goods and
ceiling for the Bid prices. Bid prices Infrastructure Projects, the BAC
that exceed this ceiling shall be shall evaluate the financial
disqualified outright from further component of the bids. The bids
participating in the bidding. There that passed the preliminary
shall be no lower limit to the examination shall be ranked from
amount of the award. lowest to highest in terms of their
corresponding calculated prices.
The bid with the lowest calculated
price shall be referred to as the
"Lowest Calculated Bid."
Sec 33. Bid Evaluation of Short-Listed Bidders for Consulting Services.

For the Procurement of Consulting Services, the Bids of the short

listed bidders shall be evaluated and ranked using numerical
ratings in accordance with the evaluation criteria stated in the
Bidding Documents, which shall include factors such as, but not
limited to, experience, performance, quality of personnel, price and
methodology. The Bids shall be ranked from highest to lowest in
terms of their corresponding calculated ratings. The Bid with the
highest calculated rating shall be the “Highest Rated Bid.”
 ARTICLE X
SEC. 35. Failure of Bidding.
POST-QUALIFICATION
(a)Lorem
No bids are
ipsum received;
dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit.
SEC. 34. Objective and Process
(b) No bid qualifies as the Lowest
of Post-qualification. Calculated Responsive Bid or
Post-qualification is the stage where Highest Rated Responsive Bid; or,
the bidder with the Lowest Calculated
(c) Whenever the bidder with the
Bid, in the case of Goods and
highest rated/lowest calculated
Infrastructure Projects, or the Highest
responsive bid refuses, without
Rated Bid, in the case of Consulting
justifiable cause to accept the
Services, undergoes verification and
award of contract, as the case may
validation whether he has passed all be.
the requirements and conditions as
specified in the Bidding Documents.
 A single calculated/rated and
SEC. 36. Single Calculated/Rated responsive bid shall be considered for
and Responsive Bid Submission. award if it falls under any of the following
circumstances:

a) If after advertisement, only one prospective bidder submits a Letter of Intent

and/or applies for eligibility check, and meets the eligibility requirements or
criteria, after which it submits a bid, which is found to be responsive to the bidding
requirements;
(b) If after the advertisement, more than one prospective bidder applies for
eligibility check, but only one bidder meets the eligibility requirements or criteria,
after which it submits a bid which is found to be responsive to the bidding
requirements; or
(c) If after the eligibility check, more than one bidder meets the eligibility
requirements, but only one bidder submits a bid, and its bid is found to be
responsive to the bidding requirements
 ARTICLE xi SEC. 37. Notice and Execution of
AWARD, Award.
IMPLEMENTATION
AND TERMINATION OF Within a period not exceeding fifteen (15)
THE CONTRACT calendar days from the determination and
declaration by the BAC of the Lowest Calculated
Responsive Bid or Highest Rated Responsive Bid,
Within ten (10) calendar days from and the recommendation of the award, the
receipt of the Notice of Award, the Head of the Procuring Entity or his duly
winning
authorized representative shall approve or
bidder shall formally enter into contract
disapprove the said recommendation.
with the Procuring Entity. When further
approval of
higher authority is required, the
approving authority for the contract
shall be given a
maximum of twenty (20) calendar days
to approve or disapprove it
 SEC. 38. Period of Action on
In the case of government-owned
and/or -controlled corporations, the
Procurement Activities.
concerned
board shall take action on the said
recommendation within thirty (30)
calendar days from The procurement process from the opening
receipt thereof. of bids up to the award of contract shall not
The Procuring Entity shall issue the
exceed three (3) months, or a shorter period
Notice to Proceed to the winning
bidder not later
to be determined by the procuring entity
than seven (7) calendar days from concerned. Without Republic Act No. 9184 12
the date of approval of the contract prejudice to the provisions of the preceding
by the appropriate section, the different procurement activities
authority. All notices called for by the
shall be completed within reasonable periods
terms of the contract shall be
effective only at the to be specified in the IRR.
time of receipt thereof by the
contractor.
 SEC. 39. Performance Security.
Prior to the signing of the contract, the winning
bidder shall, as a measure of guarantee for the
faithful performance of and compliance with his
obligations under the contract prepared in
accordance with the Bidding Documents, be
required to post a performance security in such
form and amount as specified in the Bidding
Documents
SEC. 40. Failure to Enter into Contract and Post Performance
Security.
If, for justifiable causes, the bidder with the Lowest Calculated Responsive Bid
or Highest Rated Responsive Bid fails, refuses or is otherwise unable to enter
into contract with the Procuring Entity, or if the bidder fails to post the required
performance security within the period stipulated in the Bidding Documents,
the BAC shall disqualify the said bidder and shall undertake post-qualification
for the next-ranked Lowest Calculated Bid or Highest Rated Bid. This procedure
shall be repeated until an award is made. However, if no award is possible, the
contract shall be subjected to a new bidding.

In the case of a failure to post the required performance security, the bid
security shall be forfeited without prejudice to the imposition of sanctions
prescribed under Article XXIII.
 SEC. 41. Reservation Clause.
The Head of the Agency reserves the right to reject any and all Bids, declarea failure of
bidding, or not award the contract in the following situations:

(a) If there is prima facie evidence of collusion between appropriate public officers or employees of the
Procuring Entity, or between the BAC and any of the bidders, or if the collusion is between or among the
bidders themselves, or between a bidder and a third party, including any act which restricts, suppresses or
nullifies or tends to restrict, suppress or nullify competition;

(b) If the BAC is found to have failed in following the prescribed bidding procedures; or

(c) For any justifiable and reasonable ground where the award of the contract will not redound to the
benefit of the government as defined in the IRR.

SEC. 42. Contract Implementation and Termination.

The rules and guidelines for the implementation and termination of contracts awarded pursuant to the
provisions of this Act shall be prescribed in the IRR. The rules and guidelines shall include standard general
and special conditions for contracts.
 ARTICLE XII
DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PROCUREMENT
SEC. 43. PROCUREMENT OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN GOODS.
Consistent with the country’s obligations under international treaties or agreements, Goods may be obtained from
domestic or foreign sources and the procurement thereof shall be open to all eligible suppliers, manufacturers and
distributors. However, in the interest of availability, efficiency and timely delivery of Goods, the Procuring Entity may
give preference to the purchase of domestically-produced and manufactured goods, supplies and materials that
meet the specified or desired quality.

ARTICLE XIII
BIDDING OF PROVINCIAL PROJECTS
SEC. 44. BIDDING OF PROVINCIAL PROJECTS.
Priority programs and infrastructure projects funded out of the annual General Appropriations Act which are
intended for implementation within the province shall be subject to the same public bidding and to the
procurement processes prescribed under this Act. For purposes of this Article, Engineering District civil works
projects, subject to consultation with the concerned Members of Congress, are included and subsumed in the term
“provincial projects” and shall be governed by this Section and Section 45 hereof.
 SEC. 45. PROVINCIAL BIDDERS.
Within five (5) years from the effectivity of this Act, a contractor who participates in the bidding of provincial priority
programs and infrastructure projects, whose principal office is within the same province, and who submits the
lowest bid among the provincial bidders which is higher than the lowest bid made by a contractor with principal
office outside the said province shall be granted the privilege to match the bid made by the latter: Provided,
however, That the release of funds for said projects shall be published in a local newspaper with the widest
circulation and the website of the DBM, the mechanisms of which shall be spelled-out in the IRR.

ARTICLE XIV
LEASE OF COMPUTERS, COMMUNICATIONS, INFORMATION AND OTHER EQUIPMENT
SEC. 46. LEASE CONTRACTS.
Lease of construction and office equipment, including computers, communication and information technology
equipment are subject to the same public biddingand to the processes prescribed under this Act.
 ARTICLE XV
DISCLOSURE OF RELATIONS
SEC. 47. Disclosure of Relations.
In addition to the proposed contents of the Invitation to Bid as mentioned
under Section 21 of this Act, all bidding documents shall be accompanied
by a sworn affidavit of the bidder that he or she or any officer of their
corporation is not related to the Head of the Procuring Entity by
consanguinity or affinity up to the third civil degree. Failure to comply with
the aforementioned provision shall be aground for the automatic
disqualification of the bid in consonance with Section 30 of this Act.
 ARTICLE XVI
ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF PROCUREMENT
(b) Direct Contracting,
SEC. 48. Alternative Methods. otherwise known as Single (c) Repeat Order – a method
Subject to the prior approval of the Head of the Source Procurement – a method of Procurement that involves
Procuring Entity or his duly authorized
of Procurement that does not a direct Procurement of
representative, and whenever justified by the
require elaborate Bidding Goods from the previous
conditions provided in this Act, the Procuring
Documents because the supplier
Entity may, in order to promote economy and winning bidder, whenever
efficiency, resort to any of the following is simply asked to submit a price
quotation or a pro-forma invoice
there is a need to replenish
alternative methods of Procurement:
together with the conditions of Goods procured under a
sale, which offer may be contract previously awarded
(a) Limited Source Bidding, accepted immediately or after through Competitive Bidding;
otherwise known as Selective some negotiations;
Bidding – a method of
Procurement that involves direct
invitation to bid by the Procuring
Entity from a set of pre- selected
suppliers or consultants with
known experience and proven
capability relative to the
requirements of a particular
contract;
 (d) Shopping – a method of (e) Negotiated Procurement – a
Procurement whereby the method of Procurement that
Procuring Entity simply requests may be resorted under the
for the submission of price extraordinary circumstances
quotations for readily available provided for in Section 53 of this
off-the-shelf Goods or Act and other instances that
ordinary/regular equipment to shall be specified in the IRR,
be procured directly from whereby the Procuring Entity
suppliers of known qualification; directly negotiates a contract
or with a technically, legally and
financially capable supplier,
contractor or consultant.
 SEC. 49. Limited Source Bidding.
Limited Source Bidding may be resorted to only in any of the following
conditions:

(a) Procurement of (b) Procurement of major

highly specialized types plant components where it
of Goods and is deemed advantageous
Consulting Services to limit the bidding to
which are known to be known eligible bidders in
obtainable only from a order to maintain an
optimum and uniform level
limited number of
of quality and performance
sources; or
of the plant as a whole.
 SEC. 50. SEC. 51. Repeat Order.
Direct Contracting. When provided for in the Annual Procurement Plan, Repeat Order
may be allowed wherein the Procuring Entity directly procures
(a) Procurement of Goods of proprietary nature, Goods from the previous winning bidder whenever there arises a
which can be obtained only from the proprietary need to replenish goods procured under a contract previously
source, i.e. when patents, trade secrets and awarded through Competitive Bidding, subject to post-qualification
copyrights prohibit others from manufacturing process prescribed in the Bidding Documents and provided all the
following conditions are present:
the same item;
(a) The unit price must be equal to or lower than that
(b) When the Procurement of critical components
provided in the original contract;
from a specific manufacturer, supplier or
distributor is a condition precedent to hold a (b) The repeat order does not result in splitting of requisitions
contractor to guarantee its project performance, or purchase orders;
in accordance with the provisions of his contract;
or, (c) Except in special circumstances defined in the IRR, the
(c) Those sold by an exclusive dealer or repeat order shall be availed of only within six (6) months
manufacturer, which does not have sub- dealers from the date of the Notice to Proceed arising from the
selling at lower prices and for which no suitable original contract; and,
substitute can be obtained at more
(d) The repeat order shall not exceed twenty-five percent
advantageous terms to the Government.
(25%) of the quantity of each item of the original contract.
 SEC. 52. Shopping.
Shopping may be resorted to under any of the following instances:

(a)When there is an unforeseen contingency requiring immediate purchase:

Provided, however, That the amount shall not exceed Fifty Thousand Pesos (P50,000); or

(b)Procurement of ordinary or regular office supplies and equipment not available in the Procurement
Service involving an amount not exceeding Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Pesos (P250,000): Provided,
however, That the Procurement does not result in Splitting of Contracts: Provided, further, That at least
three (3) price quotations from bona fide suppliers shall be obtained.

The above amounts shall be subject to a periodic review by the GPPB. For this purpose, the GPPB shall be
authorized to increase or decrease the said amount in order to reflect changes in economic conditions
and for otherjustifiable reasons.
 Section 53 : Negotiated
Procurement
secccccccccccccccc

Negotiated Procurement shall be allowed only in the following instances

a. Two Failed Bidding, provided in Sec. 35
b. Emergency
State of Calamity; man-made calamities; immidiate action to prevent damage or
loss to propery or life; restore vital public services, facilities and utilities
c. Take-over of contracts
which have been rescinded or terminated for causes provided for in the contract and
existing laws, where immediate action is necessary to preventdamage to or loss of
life or property, or to restorevital public services,infrastructure facilities and other
public utilities;
d. Adjacent or contiguous
Where the subject contractis adjacent or contiguous to an on-goinginfrastructure
project, as defined in the IRR:
e. Subject to the guidelines specified in the IRR, purchases of Goods from
another agency of the Government, such as the Procurement Service of the
DBM, which is tasked with a centralized procurement of commonly used Goods
for the government in accordance with Lettersof Instruction No. 755 and
ExecutiveOrder No. 359, series of 1989.

Section 54: Terms and Conditions for the use

of Alternative Methods.

The specific terms and conditions, including the limitations and

restrictions, for the application of each
secccccccccccccccc
of the alternative methods
mentioned in this Article shall be specified in the IRR.
 ARTICLE XVII
secccccccccccccccc
PROTESTMECHANISM

SEC. 55. Protests on Decisions of the BAC. SEC. 56. Resolution of Protests.

Decisions of the BAC in all stages of procurement The protests shall be resolved strictly on
may be protested to the head of the procuring the basis of records of the BAC. Up to a
entity and shall be in writing. Decisions of the BAC certain amount to be specified in the IRR,
may be protested by filing a verified position the decisions of the Head of the
paper and paying a non- refundable protest fee. Procuring Entity shall be final.
The amount of the protest fee and the periods
during which the protests may be filed and
resolved shall be specified in the IRR.
 SEC. 57. Non-interruption of SEC. 58. Report to Regular
the Bidding Process. Courts; Certiorari.

In no case shall any protest taken from Court action may be resorted to only after
any decision treated in this Article stay the protests contemplated in this Article
or delay the bidding process. Protests shall have been completed. Cases that are
filed in violation of the process specified in
must first be resolved beforeany secccccccccccccccc
this Article shall be dismissed for lack of
award is made.
jurisdiction. The regional trial court shall
have jurisdiction over final decisions of the
head of the procuring entity. Court actions
shall be governed by Rule 65 of the 1997
Rules of Civil Procedure.
 ARTICLE XVIII SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTE
SEC. 59. Arbitration. – Any and all disputes arising from the implementation of a
contract covered by this Act shall be submitted to arbitration in the Philippines
according to the provisions of Republic Act No. 876, otherwise known as the "Arbitration
Law": Provided, however, That, disputes that are within the competence of the
Construction Industry Arbitration Commission to resolve shall be referred thereto. The
process of arbitration shall be incorporated as a provision in the contract that will be
executed pursuant to the provisions of this Act: Provided, That by mutual agreement,
the parties may agree in writing tosecccccccccccccccc
resort to alternative modes of dispute resolution.

SEC. 60. Appeals. – The arbitral award and any decision rendered in accordance with
the foregoing Section shall be appealable by way of a petition for review to the Court
of Appeals. The petition shall raise pure questions of law and shall be governed by the
Rules of Court.
 ARTICLE XIX CONTRACT PRICES AND WARRANTIES
secccccccccccccccc

SEC. 61. Contract Prices.

For the given scope of work in the contract as awarded, all bid prices shall
be considered as fixed prices, and therefore not subject to price escalation
during contract implementation, except under extraordinary
circumstances and upon prior approval of the GPPB.

For purposes of this Section, “extraordinary circumstances” shall refer to

events that may be determined by the National Economic and
Development Authority in accordance with the Civil Code of the Philippines,
and upon the recommendation of the procuring entity concerned.
 ARTICLE XIX
CONTRACT PRICES AND
secccccccccccccccc
WARRANTIES

SEC. 62. Warranty.

(a) For the procurement of Goods, in order to assure that manufacturing defects shall
be corrected by the supplier, manufacturer, or distributor, as the case may be, for a
specific time after performance of the contract, a warranty shall be required from the
contract awardee for such period of time as may be provided in the IRR, the obligation
for which shall be covered by either retention money in the amount equivalent to a
percentage of every progress payment, or a special bank guarantee equivalent to a
percentage of the total contract price, to be provided in the IRR. The said amounts
shall only be released after the lapse of the warrantyperiod, provided that the Goods
supplied are free from defects and all the conditions imposedunder the contract have
been fully met.
 SEC. 62. Warranty. secccccccccccccccc

(b) For the procurement of infrastructure projects, the contractor shall assume full
responsibility for the contract work from the time project construction commenced up
to a reasonable period as defined in the IRR taking into consideration the scale and
coverage of the projectfrom its final acceptance by the government and shall be held
responsible for any damage or construction of works except those occasioned by
force majeure. The contractor shall be fully responsible for the safety, protection,
security, and convenience of his personnel, third parties, and the public at large, as
well as the works, equipment, installation and the like to be affected by his
construction work and shall be required to put up a warranty security in the form of
cash, bank guarantee, letter of credit, Government Service InsuranceSystem bond, or
callablesurety bond.
 ARTICLE XX THE GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT POLICY BOARD
SEC. 63. Organization and Functions.
A Government Procurement Policy Board (GPPB) is hereby established to: (a) protect national
interest in all matters affecting public Procurement, having due regard to the country’s
regionaland international obligations; (b) formulate and amend, whenever necessary, the IRR
and the corresponding standard forms for Procurement; (c) ensure that Procuring Entities
regularly conduct Procurement training programs and prepare a Procurement operations
manual for all offices and agencies of government; and (d) conduct an annual review of the
effectiveness of this Act and recommend any amendments thereto, as may be necessary.
secccccccccccccccc
The GPPB shall convene within fifteen (15) days from the effectivity of this Act to formulate the
IRR and for other related purposes. The GPPB shall be supported by a technical support office.

In addition to the powers granted under this Act, the GPPB shall absorb all the powers, functions
and responsibilities of the Procurement Policy Board created under Executive Order No. 359,
series of 1989. All affected functions of the Infrastructure Committee of the National Economic
and Development AuthorityBoard are hereby transferred to the GPPB.
ARTICLE XX THE GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT
secccccccccccccccc
POLICY BOARD

SEC. 64. Membership.

The GPPB shall be composed of the Secretary of the Department of Budget and
Management, as Chairman, the Director-General of the National Economic and
Development Authority, as Alternate Chairman, with the following as Members; the
Secretaries of the Departments of Public Works and Highways, Finance, Trade and
Industry, Health, National Defense, Education, Interior and Local Government, Science
and Technology, Transportation and Communications, and Energy, or their duly
authorized representatives and a representative from the privatesector to be
appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the GPPB. The GPPB may
invite a representative from the Commission on Audit to serve as a resource person.
 ARTICLE XXI
PENAL CLAUSE
SEC. 65. Offenses and Penalties.
secccccccccccccccc

(a) Without prejudice to the provisions of Republic Act No. 3019, otherwise known as the
“Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act” and other penal laws, public officers who
commit any of the following acts shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment of not less
than six (6) years and one (1) day, but not more than fifteen(15) years:

(1)Open any sealed Bid including but not limited to Bids that may have been submitted
through the electronic system and any and all documents required to be sealed or
divulging their contents, prior to the appointed time for the public opening of Bids or
other documents

(2) Delaying, without justifiable cause, the screening for eligibility, opening of bids,
evaluation and post evaluation of bids, and awarding of contracts beyond the
prescribed periods of action provided for in the IRR.
 SEC. 65. Offenses and Penalties.
secccccccccccccccc

(3) Unduly influencing or exerting undue pressure on any member of the BAC or any officer
or employee of the procuring entity to take a particular action which favors, or tends to
favor a particular bidder.

(4) Splitting of contracts which exceed procedural purchase limits and competitive bidding.

(5) When the head of the agency abuses the exercise of his power to reject anyand all bids
as mentioned under Section 41 of this Act with manifest preference to any bidder who is
closely related to him in accordance with Section 47 of this Act.

When any of the foregoing acts is done in collusion with private individuals, the private
individuals shall likewise be liable for the offense.

In addition, the public officer involved shall also suffer the penalty of temporary
disqualification from public office, while the private individual shall be permanently
disqualified from transacting business with the Government.
 SEC. 65. Offenses and Penalties.
secccccccccccccccc

(b) Private individuals who commit any of the following acts, including any public
officer, who conspireswith them, shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment of not less
than six (6)years and one (1) day but not more than fifteen (15) years:

(1)When two or more bidders agree and submit differentBids as if they were bona
fide, when they knew that one or more of them was so much higher than the other
that it could not be honestly accepted and that the contract will surely be awarded
to the pre-arranged lowest Bid.

(2) When a bidder maliciously submits different Bids through two or more persons,
corporations, partnerships or any other business entity in which he has interest to
create the appearance of competition that does not in fact exist so as to be
adjudged as the winning bidder.
 SEC. 65. Offenses and Penalties.
secccccccccccccccc

(3) When two or more bidders enter into an agreement which call upon one to
refrain from bidding for Procurement contracts, or which call for withdrawal of Bids
already submitted, or which are otherwise intended to secure an undue advantage
to any one of them.

(4) When a bidder, by himself or in connivance with others, employ schemes

whichtend to restrain the natural rivalry of the parties or operates to stifle or
suppress competition and thus produce a result disadvantageous to the public.

In addition, the persons involved shall also suffer the penalty of temporary or
perpetual disqualification from public office and be permanently disqualified from
transacting business with the Government.
 SEC. 65. Offenses and Penalties.
secccccccccccccccc

(c) Private individuals who commit any of the following acts, and any public officer
conspiring with them, shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment of not less than six (6) years
and one (1) day but not more than fifteen(15) years:

(1) Submit eligibility requirements of whatever kind and nature that contain false
information or falsified documents calculated to influence the outcome of the eligibility
screening process or conceal such information in the eligibility requirements when the
information will lead to a declaration of ineligibility from participating in public bidding.

(2) Submit Bidding Documents of whatever kind and nature that contain false information
or falsified documents or conceal such information in the Bidding Documents, in order to
influencethe outcome of thepublic bidding.

(3) Participate in a public bidding using the name of another or allow another to use one’s
name for the purposeof participating in a public bidding.
(4)Withdraw a Bid, after it shall have qualified as the Lowest Calculated Bid/Highest Rated
Bid, or refuse to accept an award, without just cause or for the purposeof forcing the
Procuring Entity to award the contract to another bidder. This shall include the non-
submission within the prescribed time, or delaying the submission of requirements such as,
but not limited to, performance security, preparatory to the final award of the contract.

(d) When the bidder is a juridical entity, criminal liability and the accessory penalties shall
be imposed on its directors, officers or employees who actually commit any of the
foregoing acts.

Sec. 66. Jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction over the offenses defined under this Article shall belong to
the appropriate courts, according to laws existing at the time of the
secccccccccccccccc
commission of the offenses.
 Article XXII
Civil Liability
SEC. 67. Civil Liability in SEC. 68. Liquidated
case of Conviction. Damages.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit.
Without prejudice to administrative All contracts executed in
sanctions that may be imposed in accordance with this Act shall
proper cases, a conviction under this contain a provision on liquidated
Act or Republic Act No. 3019 shall damages which shall be payable
carry with it civil liability, which may in case of breach thereof. The
either consist of restitution for the amount thereof shall be
damage done or the forfeiture in specified in the IRR.
favor of the government of any
unwarranted benefit derived from the
act or acts in question or both, at the
discretion of the courts.
Article XXIII
Administrative
Sanctions
 SEC. 69. Imposition of Administrative Penalties.
(a) In addition to the provisions of Articles XXI and XXII of this Act, the Head of the
Procuring Entity, subject to the authority delegated to the BAC, if any, shall impose on
bidders or prospective bidders, the administrative penalty of suspension for one (1) year
secccccccccccccccc
for the first offense, and suspension of two (2) years for the second offense from
participating in the public bidding process, for the following violations:

(1) Submission of eligibility requirements containing false information or falsified

documents.
(2) Submission of Bids that contain false information or falsified documents, or the
concealment of such information in the Bids in order to influence the outcome of
eligibility screening or any other stage of the public bidding.
(3) Allowing the use of one’s name, or using the name of another for purposes of public
bidding.
(4) Withdrawal of a Bid, or refusal to accept an award, or enter into contract with the
government without justifiable cause, after he had been adjudged as having submitted
the Lowest Calculated Responsive Bid or Highest Rated Responsive Bid.
 SEC. 69. Imposition of Administrative Penalties.
(5) Refusal or failure to post the required performance security within the prescribed
time.

(6) Termination of the contract due to the default of the bidder.

Refusal to clarify or validate in writing its Bid during post-qualification within a period of
seven (7) calendar days from receipt of the request for clarification. Any documented
unsolicited attempt by a bidder secccccccccccccccc
to unduly influence the outcome of the bidding in his
favor. All other acts that tend to defeat the purpose of the Competitive Bidding.

(b) In addition to the penalty of suspension, the Bid security or the performance
security posted by the concerned bidder or prospective bidder shall also be forfeited.

(c) The Head of the Procuring Entity may delegate to the BAC the authority to impose
the aforementioned administrative penalties.
SEC. 70. Preventive Suspension.
The head of the procuring entity may preventively suspend any member of the
Technical Working Group or the Secretariat, or the BAC if there are strong reasons or
prima facie evidence showing that the officials or employees concerned are guilty of
the charges filed against them under Articles XXI and XXII of this Act or for dishonesty
as defined by the Civil Service Laws. In all cases, procedural and substantive due
process as mandated by the Constitution and Civil Service Laws, rules and
regulations, shall be strictly observed.

SEC. 71. Lifting of Suspension and Removal of Administrative Disabilities.

Lifting of preventive suspension pending administrative investigation, as well as
removal of administrative penalties and disabilities shall be in accordance with the
provisions of Sections 52 and 53, Chapter 6 (Civil Service Commission), Book V of
Executive Order No. 292, the Administrative Code of 1987.
 Article XXIV
Legal Assistance and
Indemnification of BAC
Members
SEC. 72. Private Legal
Assistance.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit.

All the members of the BAC are The lawyer's fee shall be part
hereby authorized to engage of the indemnification
the services of private lawyers package for the BAC
or extend counsel immediately members, subject to the
upon receipt of Court Notice provisions of Section 73
that a civil or criminal action, hereof.
suit or proceeding is filed
against them.
SEC. 73. Indemnification of BAC Members.

The GPPB shall establish an equitable in demnification package for public

officials providing services in the BAC, which may be in the form of free legal
assistance, liability insurance, and other forms of protection and
indemnification for all costs and expenses reasonably incurred by such persons
in Republic Act No. 9184 22 connection with any civil or criminal action, suit or
proceeding to which they maysecccccccccccccccc
be, or have been made, a party by reason of the
performance of their functions or duties, unless they are finally adjudged in
such action or proceeding to be liable for gross negligence or misconduct or
grave abuse of discretion
Article XXV
Final Provisions
SEC. 74. Oversight Committee.

There is hereby created a Joint Congressional Oversight Committee to

oversee the implementation of this Act for a period not exceeding five
(5) years from the effectivity of this Act. The Committee shall be
composed of the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Constitutional
Amendments and Revision of Laws and two members thereof appointed
by the Senate President, and the Chairman of the House Committee on
Appropriations, and two members thereof to be appointed by the
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
 SEC. 75. Implementing Rules and Regulations and Standard Forms

Within sixty (60) days from the promulgation of this Act, the necessary
rules and regulations for the proper implementation of its provisions
shall be formulated by the GPPB, jointly with the members of the
Oversight Committee created under Section 74 hereof. The said rules
and regulations shall be approved by the President of the Philippines. For
a period not later than thirty (30) days upon the approval of the
implementing rules and regulations, the standard forms for
Procurement shall be formulated and approved.
SEC. 76. Repealing Clause.
Any other law, presidential decree or issuance, executive order, letter of instruction,
administrative order, proclamation, charter, rule or regulation and/or parts thereof
contrary to or inconsistent with the provisions of this Act is hereby repealed,
modified or amended accordingly.

SEC. 77. Separability Clause.

If any provision of this Act is declared invalid or unconstitutional, the other
provisions not affected thereby shall remain valid and subsisting.

SEC. 78. Effectivity Clause.

This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days following its publication in the Official
secccccccccccccccc
Gazette or in two (2) newspapers of general circulation.
 CIAP BOARD RESOLUTION NO.1
Series of 2005

ADOPTING THE AMENDED PDCB-POCB JOINT BOARD RESOLUTION No.1,

SERIES OF 2004 RE: THE PROMULGATION OF A POLICY TO BOLSTER THE
ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF UNIFORM GENERAL CONDITIONS OF
CONTRACT IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION

On motion duly seconded.

WHEREAS, pursuant to its power under Section 2 (f) of Presidential Decree No.
1746, to recommend and encourage the adoption of equitable and realistic contract
conditions for construction, the CIAP approved the adoption of CIAP Documents 101
and 102 (uniform general conditions of contract for government and private
construction, respectively) to, among others, embody the conditions or stipulations
ordinarily established in construction contracts in the Philippines;
WHEREAS, to bolster the acceptance and use of CIAP Documents 101 and 102,
the Philippine Domestic Construction Board (PDCB) and the Philippine Overseas
Construction Board (POCB) in a Joint Meeting held on 6 July 2004, passed PDCB-
POCB Joint Board Resolution No.1, Series of 2004, recommending the issuance by
the CIAP of a policy prescribing, in appropriate cases, the use and application of the
subject documents;
WHEREAS, POCB-PDCB Joint Board Resolution No.1, Series of 2004, as amended
to reflect the suggestions of the legal counsels of the Construction Industry
Arbitration Commission (CIAC) was presented, discussed, and found to be in order
th
by the CIAP Board in its 46 Regular Meeting;
NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the foregoing premises, the CIAP
Board, after due deliberations, RESOLVES as it is hereby RESOLVED, to adopt the
recommendation of PDCB and POCB for the use and application of the provisions
of CIAP Documents 101 and 102, as the case may be, to serve as the
procedures, guidelines and criteria to be used by the contracting parties, more
specifically in the adjudication and settlement of claims and disputes in
contract implementation. CIAP Documents 101 and 102 are, therefore,
intended to apply in the following instances:
a) where the parties had failed to incorporate into their construction
contract the general conditions of contract, in which case, the
appropriate CIAP Document shall apply;
b) where the conditions of contract agreed upon are incomplete, in
which case, the appropriate CIAP Document shall fill the omission of
stipulations; or
c) where certain provisions of the conditions of contract agreed upon
are ambiguous, in which case, reference may be made to the
appropriate CIAP Document to explain the ambiguity.

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

th
4 Floor, Jupiter I Building, 56 Jupiter St., Bel-air Vill., Makati City, Philippines
Telephone: (632) 896-1801/897-0791 Fax: (632) 897-0791 E-mail: [email protected]
www.dti.gov.ph
CIAP Board Res. No.1
Series of 2005
Page 2 of 2
--------------------------------------

The CIAP Board FURTHER RESOLVES to order the implementation of the

aforesaid policy effective immediately for CIAP Document 102 for private
construction and upon the amendment of CIAP Document 101 for public
construction, to fill in the gaps in the General Conditions of Contract prescribed by
the Government Procurement Policy Board (GPPB) under Section IV of the
Philippine Bidding Documents for the Procurement of works.

UNANIMOUSLY APPROVED.

30 March 2005, Makati City.

 MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT
This Memorandum of Agreement made and executed by:

PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTORS ASSOCIATION, INC. (“PCA”), a non-stock, non-

profit corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of the
Philippines, with principal office at the 3/F Padilla Bldg., Emerald Avenue, Ortigas
Commercial Center, Pasig City;

PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, INC. (“PICE”), a non-stock, non-

profit corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of the
Philippines, with principal office at Unit 701-705 Futurepoint Plaza Condominium,
112 Panay Ave., Quezon City;

SOCIETY OF PHILIPPINE ACCREDITED CONSULTANTS (SPAC), a non-stock,

non-profit corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of the
Philippines, with principal office at 8/F Rm. 813 Futurepoint Plaza Condominium,
112 Panay Avenue, Quezon City;

CONFEDERATION OF FILIPINO CONSULTING ORGANIZATIONS, INC.

(COFILCO), a non-stock, non-profit corporation organized and existing under the
laws of the Republic of the Philippines, with principal office at 502 Manila Luxury
Condominium, Pearl Drive, Ortigas Complex, Pasig City;

PHILIPPINE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY, INC. (“PCCI”), a non-

stock, non-profit corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Republic
of the Philippines, with principal office at 14/F Multinational Bancorporation Building,
6805 Ayala Avenue, Makati City;

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION OF THE

PHILIPPINES (“CPMAP”), a non-stock, non-profit corporation organized and
existing under the laws of the Republic of the Philippines, with principal office at 6/F
JAKA II Bldg., 150 Legaspi St., Legaspi Village, Makati City;

UNITED ARCHITECTS OF THE PHILIPPINES (“UAP”), a professional association

organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of the Philippines, with
principal office at 53 Scout Rallos St. Quezon City;

CHAMBER OF REAL ESTATE & BUILDERS ASSOCIATION, INC. (“CREBA”), a

professional association organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of
the Philippines, with principal office at 3/F CREBA Bldg., Don Alejandro Roces
Avenue corner South A St., Quezon City;

PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CONSTRUCTION ARBITRATORS, INC. (“PICA”), a

non-stock, non-profit corporation organized and existing under the laws of the
Republic of the Philippines, with principal office at Penthouse, Atheneum Building,
160 L.P. Leviste Street, Salcedo Village, Makati City;
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES (“CIAP”), a
government agency created by President Decree 1746 and an attached agency to
the Department of Trade and Industry, with principal office at 4/F Jupiter 1 Building,
No. 56 Jupiter St., Bel-Air Village, Makati City;

WITNESSETH: That -

WHEREAS, the Uniform General Conditions of Contract for Private Construction,

otherwise known as CIAP Document 102 was formulated by a committee composed
of various professional groups in the industry created by the CIAP Board;

WHEREAS, a Memorandum of Agreement on the adoption and use of CIAP

Document 102 was entered by and between the CIAP UAP, PICE, PCCI, CPMAP,
CREBA, PICA and PCA on August 14, 1997;

WHEREAS, in pursuit of the Construction Industry Strategic Plan for the 21st
Century (CI 21), the CIAP conducted a survey sometime in 2001 on contractual
problems encountered by contractors, project owners and consultants in the
implementation of construction projects with the view of revising the CIAP Document
102, to incorporate prevailing best practices in the industry and attune the document
to the needs of the changing times;

WHEREAS, the Committee on CIAP Document was reconvened in May 2002, with
an expanded membership (SPAC & COFILCO), to discuss and introduce
amendments to the documents, based on the issues identified in the survey;

WHEREAS, said committee has completed its work and has subjected this to
consultations with and among the professional organizations in the industry and the
Philippines Domestic Construction Board (PDCB) which endorsed to the CIAP
Board on 21 May 2004;
rd
WHEREAS, the CIAP, in its 43 Regular Board Meeting held on 29 June 2004,
passed Resolution No. 15, series of 2004, approving the proposed amendments to
CIAP Document 102;

NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the foregoing premises, the PCA,
PICE, SPAC, COFILCO, PCCI, CPMAP, UAP, CREBA, PICA and CIAP hereby
agree as follows:

1. To adopt the approved amendments to CIAP Document 102 contained in

Annex A attached hereto and made an integral part of this agreement;

2. To provide for the prompt and complete dissemination and widest circulation
of CIAP Document 102 and all subsequent amendments thereto to the
members of each signatory organization and to the general public, more
particularly to all persons or firms involved in construction as project owners,
designers, project managers, project consultants, architects, engineers,
contractors and subcontractors;
 3. To recommend, promote and encourage the use of CIAP Document 102, as
amended, to project owners, as well as to their members and the clients of
their members, as general conditions of private construction contracts;

4. To conduct seminars to inform and educate their members as well as project

owners, designers, project managers, project consultants, architects,
engineers, contractors and subcontractors on the importance of adopting this
document and faithfully adhering to its provisions in private construction
contracts;

5. For PCA, PICE, SPAC, COFILCO, PCCI, CPMAP, UAP, CREBA, and PICA
to monitor prompt and strict compliance with this Memorandum respecting the
use of CIAP Document 102 as general conditions in their private construction
contracts, and to impose sanctions whenever proper in accordance with the
rules of their respective organizations, and for each of them to report to CIAP,
as periodically as CIAP may request, compliance with this Memorandum of
Agreement and action taken against recalcitrant members; and

6. For PCA, PICE, SPAC, COFILCO, PCCI, CPMAP, UAP, CREBA, and PICA
to submit such recommendations to CIAP for any further changes in CIAP
Document 102 as they or their members may believe to be necessary in order
to insure fairness among the parties involved in any construction activity.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused the execution of

this Memorandum of Agreement by their respective authorized representatives on
th
this 4 day of October 2004 at Makati City, Philippines.
 CIAP BOARD RESOLUTION NO. 15
Series of 2004

APPROVING THE PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE UNIFORM GENERAL

CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT FOR PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION
(CIAP DOCUMENT 102)

On motion duly seconded.

WHEREAS, the Construction Industry Authority of the Philippines (CIAP), under

Section 2 of P.D. No. 1746, is mandated to promote, accelerate and regulate the
growth and development of the construction industry and tasked, among others, to
recommend and encourage the adoption of equitable and realistic contract
conditions for construction;

WHEREAS, pursuant to its mandate, the CIAP, through a committee composed of

representatives from the Council of Engineering Consultants of the Philippines
(CECOPHIL), Construction Project Management Association of the Philippines
(CPMAP), Chamber of Real Estate and Builders Association (CREBA), International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers (IFBWW), Philippine Constructors
Association, Inc. (PCA), Philippine Chamber of Commerce, Inc. (PCCI), Philippine
Institute of Construction Arbitrators (PICA), Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
(PICE), Subdivision and Housing Developers Association of the Philippines (SHDA),
and the United Architects of the Philippines (UAP), formulated the Uniform General
Conditions of Contract for Private Construction (CIAP Document 102) which was
formally adopted by the PCA, PCCI, CREBA, PICE, CPMAP, PICA & CIAP in a
Memorandum of Agreement signed in August 1997;
st
WHEREAS, in line with the Construction Industry Strategic Plan for the 21 Century
(CI21), the committee on CIAP Document 102 reconvened in May 2002 to draft
amendments to the document to incorporate prevailing best practices in the industry
and attune the same to the needs of the changing times;

WHEREAS, the proposed revisions to the document were subjected to consultations

and discussions with and among the members of the Committee, the Philippine
Domestic Construction Board (PDCB), and the CIAP;

WHEREAS, the PDCB, in its meeting held on 21 May 2004, agreed to submit the
final revised version of the proposed amendments to CIAP Document 102 to the
CIAP Board;

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

th
4 Floor, Jupiter I Building, 56 Jupiter St., Bel-air Vill., Makati City, Philippines
Telephone: (632) 895-6826/895-4424 Fax: (632) 897-9336 E-mail: [email protected]
www.dti.gov.ph
CIAP Board Res. No. 15
Series of 2004
Page 2 of 2
----------------------------------------

NOW, THERFORE, the Construction Industry Authority of the Philippines, after due
rd
deliberations in its 43 Regular Meeting and finding the proposals to be in order,
RESOLVES, as it is hereby RESOLVED, to approve the proposed amendments to
the Uniform General Conditions of Contract for Private Construction (CIAP
Document 102), attached hereto as Annex A and made an Integral part of this
resolution.

UNANIMOUSLY APPROVED.

29 June 2004, Makati City.

 FOREWORD

In line with its mandate to recommend and encourage the adoption of equitable and
realistic contract conditions for construction, the Construction Industry Authority of
the Philippines (CIAP) created a committee to formulate the Uniform General
Conditions of Contract for Private Construction or CIAP Document 102. The first
edition of CIAP Document 102 was published by the CIAP on 15 October 1997.

Over the years, a lot of changes have evolved in the construction industry. In view of
this and pursuant to the Construction Industry Strategic Plan for the 21 st Century
(CI21), the CIAP conducted a survey sometime in 2001 on contractual problems
encountered by contractors, project owners and consultants in the implementation
of construction projects. The Committee on CIAP Document 102 reconvened in May
2002 to discuss and draft amendments to the document based on the issues identified
in the survey and incorporate prevailing best practices in the industry and attune the
same to the needs of the changing times. The amendments were subjected to
consultations with and among the professional organizations in the industry. In its
43rd Regular Meeting held on 29 June 2004, the CIAP Board approved the
amendments to CIAP Document 102 under CIAP Board Resolution No. 15, series of
2004.

In a Memorandum of Agreement signed on 4 October 2004, the members of the

Committee on CIAP Document 102, composed of representatives from the Philippine
Constructors Association Inc. (PCA), the United Architects of the Philippines (UAP),
the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE), the Philippine Chamber of Commerce
and Industry (PCCI), the Confederation of Filipino Consulting Organizations (COFILCO),
the Chamber of Real Estate & Builders Association (CREBA), the Construction Project
Managers Association of the Philippines (CPMAP), the Philippine Institute of
Construction Arbitrators (PICA, now the Philippine Institute of Construction
Arbitrators and Mediators or PICAM), and the Society of Philippine Accredited
Consultants (SPAC), have committed to adopt the Document for use as a standard and
integral part of their construction contracts.

The CIAP hopes that this revised edition of CIAP Document 102 will contribute to the
enhancement of fair contractual relationships in the construction industry.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The CIAP would like to express its sincere gratitude to the following presidents of the
various professional organizations who gave their full and invaluable support to this
endeavor:
Engr. Emilio Lolito J. Tumbocon - PCA
Engr. Eliseo I. Evangelista - PICA
Archt. Felicitas A. Pio Roda - CPMAP
Mr. Peter N. Aventajado - PICE
Ms. Purita L. Soliven - CREBA
Ms. Noemi L. Saludo - PCCI
Mr. Enrique O. Olonan - UAP
Dr. Leandro A. Viloria - SPAC
Ms. Elvira Ablaza - COFILCO

CIAP Document 102 would not have been possible without the patience, diligence and
selfless dedication of the following members of the Committee who religiously
participated in the deliberations and drafting work:
Mr. Florentino S. Dulalia, Jr. - CREBA
Archt. Prosperidad Luis - UAP
Mr. Joven B. Joaquin - PICA
Engr. Joel J. Marciano - PICA
Dr. Ernesto S. De Castro - PICE
Mr. Justo E. Manalo - PCA
Mr. Alfredo Montecillo - PCA
Mr. Manolito Madrasto - PCA
Mr. Sergio Ortiz-Luis, Jr. - PCCI
Manuel J. Colayco, Jr. - PCCI
Archt. Felicitas A. Pio Roda - CPMAP
Engr. Guadalupe O. Mansueto - SPAC
Engr. Ricardo Basa - COFILCO
Archt. Geronimo V. Manahan - PDCB
Atty. Custodio O. Parlade - CIAP
Ms. Kathryn T. Dela Cruz - CIAP

The Committee was ably assisted by the following staff of the Construction Industry
Arbitration Commission:
Engr. Roger G. Antonio
Ms. Emily P. Morallos
Ms. Delia B. Perlada
Engr. Jocelyn C. Carrasco
Engr. Jose L. Pring, Jr.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION/ Page
TITLE
Article No.

SECTION I DEFINITIONS AND DOCUMENTS 1

Article 1.00 Definitions
Article 2.00 Execution, Correlation, Meaning of Terms and 4
Intent of Documents
2.01 Intent of Contract
2.02 Standard of Conduct
2.03 Interpretation of Contract
2.04 Conformity to the Contract
2.05 Meaning of Terms
2.06 Timely Exercise of Administrative Responsibilities
2.07 Defective Equipment, Materials and Work
2.08 Review of Contract
2.09 Documents and Samples at the Site
2.10 Ownership of Contract and Models
Article 3.00 Drawings and Specifications 9
3.01 Copies of Drawings and Specifications
3.02 Coordination of Drawings and Specifications
3.03 Clarification of Meaning of Drawings and
Specifications
3.04 Discrepancy in Drawings
Article 4.00 Detail Drawings and Instructions 10
4.01 Supplementary Drawings and Instructions
Article 5.00 Shop Drawings 10
5.01 Conditions in the Preparation of Shop Drawings
5.02 Identification
5.03 Letter of Transmittal
5.04 Corrections, Changes and Variations
5.05 Responsibility for Accuracy
5.06 Owner’s Approval
LAWS, REGULATIONS, SITE CONDITIONS,
SECTION II PERMITS & TAXES 12
Article 6.00 Laws and Site Conditions 12
6.01 Laws and Regulations
6.02 Site Conditions
Article 7.00 Permits, Taxes and Surveys 12
 SECTION/ Page
TITLE
Article No.
7.01 Permits and Licenses
7.02 Taxes
7.03 Construction Stakes and Reference Mark
7.04 Services of Geodetic Engineer

SECTION III EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 14

Article 8.00 General 14
Article 9.00 Equipment 14
9.01 Quality of Equipment
9.02 Equipment Substitution
Article 10.00 Materials, Fixtures, Appliances, and Fittings 14
Furnished by the Contractor
10.01 Samples of Materials
10.02 Trade Name Materials and Substitutes
10.03 Testing Samples of Materials
10.04 Quality of Materials
10.05 Storage and Stockpiling of Materials
10.06 Defective Materials
10.07 Imported Materials, Fixtures, and Equipment
10.08 Owner’s Approval
Article 11.00 Materials, Equipment, Fixtures, Appliances & 16
Fittings Furnished by the Owner
Article 12.00 Royalties and Patents 17
Article 13.00 Manufacturer’s Directions 17

SECTION IV PREMISES AND TEMPORARY STRUCTURES 18

Article 14.00 Use of Premises 18
14.01 Limitation of Use
14.02 Safeguard for Structures
Article 15.00 Temporary Structures and Facilities 18
15.01 Temporary Office and Contractor’s Building
15.02 Temporary Housing for Workers
15.03 Safety and Sanitation
15.04 Temporary Signs
15.05 Temporary or Trial Usage

SECTION V PROTECTION OF WORK AND PROPERTY 20

Article 16.00 Protection of Work and Owner’s Property 20
16.01 Safeguard Measures
 SECTION/ Page
TITLE
Article No.
16.02 Old Materials
16.03 Trees and Other Plants
16.04 Drainage
Article 17.00 Protection of Adjacent Property and Existing 21
Utilities
17.01 Contractor’s Responsibility
17.02 Damages to Adjacent Utilities
17.03 Condition Survey
Article 18.00 Protection of Life, Work, and Property During an 21
Emergency
18.01 Authorization to Contractor

SECTION VI LABOR, WORK, AND PAYMENTS 22

Article 19.00 Labor 22
19.01 Character of Workmen
Article 20.00 Work 22
20.01 Methods and Appliances
20.02 Laying Out the Work
20.03 Defective Work
20.04 Inspection of Work
20.05 Work During an Emergency
20.06 Increased or Decreased Quantities of Work
20.07 Changes in the Work
A. Changes Ordered by the Owner
B. Changes of Sub-surface Conditions
C. Adjustment of Contract
D. Value of Extra Work
E. Award of Extra Work to Other Contractor
20.08 Claims for Extra Cost
20.09 Cleaning Up at Completion of Work
20.10 Use of Completed Portions of Work
20.11 Substantial Completion and its Effect
20.12 Period of Making Good of Known Defects or
Faults
20.13 Making Good of Known Defects or Faults
20.14 Special Test and Inspection
20.15 Acceptance of Non-confirming Work
20.16 Adjustment of Prices
 SECTION/ Page
TITLE
Article No.
20.17 Payment in Legal Tender
Article 21.00 Time of Completion of Work 30
21.01 Notice to Proceed, When Required
21.02 Completion Time
21.03 Schedule of Construction Work
21.04 Extension of Time
21.05 Delay in Completion of the Work
Article 22.00 Payments 34
22.01 Breakdown of Contract Amount
22.02 Requests for Payment
22.03 Authorized Deductions from Value of Completed
Work
22.04 Conditions Relative to Payments
22.05 Owner’s Action on Request for Payment
22.06 Payment of Unpaid Labor, Sub-Contractor and
Suppliers
22.07 Payments over 90 percent
22.08 Other Requirements Before Final Payment
22.09 Acceptance and Final Payment
22.10 Corrections of Work Before or After Final
Payment
22.11 Release of Retention
CONTRACTOR-SEPARATE CONTRACTOR-
SECTION VII SUBCONTRACTORS RELATIONSHIP 39
Article 23.00 Separate Contracts with other Contractors 39
Article 24.00 Contractor-Separate Contractors Relations 39
24.01 Storage of Materials and Work Coordination
24.02 Cutting, Patching and Digging
24.03 Defective Work by Separate Contractors
24.04 Damage Caused by Contractor to Separate
Contractors
24.05 Damage Caused by Separate Contractors to
Contractor
Article 25.00 Sub-Contracts 40
25.01 General
25.02 Contractor’s Responsibility
 SECTION/ Page
TITLE
Article No.
SUSPENSION OF WORK AND TERMINATION OF
SECTION VIII CONTRACT 41
Article 26.00 Contractor’s Right to Suspend Work or 41
Terminate Contract
Article 27.00 Owner’s Right to Suspend the Work 41
27.01 Suspension Without Cause
27.02 Just Causes for Suspension of Work
Article 28.00 Owner’s Right to Terminate Contract 43
28.01 Termination With Cause
28.02 Other Grounds for Termination With Cause
28.03 Termination Without Cause
Article 29.00 Owner’s Right to Proceed with the Work After 44
Reduction in Contractor’s Scope of Work; Partial
Takeover From Contractor
29.01 Owner’s Right to Carry Out the Work
29.02 Use of Materials and Equipment at Site
29.03 Owner to Complete Work
29.04 Evaluation of Cost of Work
29.05 Owner’s Right to Recover Damages
29.06 Liquidated Damages
RESPONSIBILITIES AND LIABILITIES OF
SECTION IX CONTRACTOR AND OF OWNER 47
Article 30.00 Contractor’s Responsibility for Accidents and 47
Damages
30.01 Safeguards to be Undertaken by Contractor
30.02 Owner not to be Responsible
30.03 Contractor’s Default
Article 31.00 Contractor’s Insurance and Bonds 48
31.01 Contractor’s Liability Insurance
31.02 Accident Insurance for Workers
31.03 Contractor’s Fire Insurance
31.04 Contractor’s Performance and Payment Bonds
31.05 Contractor’s Guarantee Bond
31.06 Contractor’s Guarantee-Warranty
31.07 Mandatory Conditions of Bonds
Article 32.00 Owner’s Responsibilities and Liabilities 51
32.01 Advance Payment
 SECTION/ Page
TITLE
Article No.
32.02 Protection of Employees and Professionals
Performing Services for the Owner
32.03 Owner’s Optional Insurance
32.04 Additional Information and Services Required of
the Owner
Article 33.00 Liens, Disputes, and Arbitration 51
33.01 Liens
33.02 Assignment
33.03 Subcontracting
33.04 Disputes
33.05 Settlement of Disputes
A. Dispute or Disagreement Submitted to
Arbitration
B. Substituted Service

SECTION X OWNER’S REPRESENTATIVE 55

Article 34.00 Owner’s Representative 55

SECTION XI SCHEDULE OF TIME LIMITS 56

ART. 1: DEFINITIONS
1.01 ACT OF GOD OR FORCE MAJEURE shall mean any event beyond the
reasonable control of the Owner or the Contractor, as the case may be, and
which is unavoidable notwithstanding the reasonable care of the party
affected and shall include, without limitation, the following:
[a] war, hostilities or warlike operations (whether a state of war be
declared or not), invasion, act of foreign enemy, civil war;
[b] rebellion, revolution, insurrection, mutiny, usurpation of civil or
military government, conspiracy, riot, civil commotion, terrorist acts;
[c] confiscation, nationalization, mobilization, commandeering or
requisition by or under the order of any government or de jure or de
facto authority or ruler or any other act or failure to act of any local or
state or national government authority;
[d] strike, sabotage, lock-out, embargo, import restriction, port
congestion, lack of usual means of public transportation and
communication, industrial dispute, shipwreck, shortage or restriction
of power supply, epidemics, quarantine, plague;
[e] earthquake, landslide, volcanic activity, fire, flood, inundation, tidal
wave, typhoon or cyclone, hurricane, storm, lightning, or other
inclement weather condition, nuclear and pressure waves, or other
natural or physical disaster;
[f] shortage of labor, materials or utilities where caused by circumstances
that are themselves Force Majeure.
1.02 ADVERTISEMENT or INVITATION TO BID refers to the notice published by
the Owner or the invitation issued to prospective bidders, giving
information as to the nature of the proposed project, conditions for the
issuance of Contract documents, date of bidding, and information that
would give the Contractor a general idea of the magnitude and extent of
the project.
1.03 AGREEMENT is the term used to describe the agreement signed by the
Owner and the Contractor excluding the Contract Documents which are
attached thereto.
1.04 BID is the tender, or proposal, or quotation, or offer of a bidder to perform
the work described in the Contract which in form and substance complies
with the Instruction to Bidders.

1
1.05 BID BOND refers to any acceptable form of bond accompanying the Bid
submitted by the bidder as a guarantee that the bidder will enter into the
Contract with the Owner for the construction of the Work, if the Contract
is awarded to him.
1.06 BID DOCUMENTS collectively refer to all documents provided or made
available to prospective bidders which include the Invitation to Bid and a
copy of the Contract which the winning bidders would be required to sign
with the Owner.
1.07 BID BULLETIN is a document containing additional information on Bid
Documents issued to bidders before date of bidding.
1.08 BREAKDOWN OF WORK AND CORRESPONDING VALUE is a listing of the
different parts of the work indicating each part and its corresponding value.
1.09 CHANGE ORDER is a written order to the Contractor issued by the Owner
after the execution of the Contract, authorizing a change or variation in the
work or an adjustment in the Contract Price or Contract time.
1.10 CONTRACT is the term used to describe the Agreement and the Contract
Documents.
1.11 CONTRACT DOCUMENTS are the documents attached to the Agreement
identified therein as Contract Documents, including all additions, deletions
and modifications incorporated therein. These generally include the
following documents:
a. Special Provisions or Conditions
b. General Conditions
c. Specifications
d. Drawings
e. Other Bid Documents
1.12 CONTRACT PRICE is the amount in money or other consideration to be paid
by the Owner to the Contractor for the execution of the Work in accordance
with the Contract.
1.13 CONTRACTOR is the person or firm duly registered and licensed by the
Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board whose proposal has been
accepted and to whom was awarded the Contract to execute the Work.
1.14 COST means all expenditures properly incurred or to be incurred, whether
on or off the site, including overhead and other charges properly allocable
thereto but does not include any allowance for profit.
1.15 DRAWINGS are graphical presentations of the Work. They include all
supplementary details and shop drawings.

2
1.16 FINAL PAYMENT refers to the payment of the final progress billing and all
approved claims including but not limited to variations in the work, Contract
Price adjustments and/or escalation, acceleration of work, and others. It
does not include the retention money.
1.17 GUARANTEE BOND is the approved form of security furnished by the
Contractor and his Surety as a guarantee of the quality of the materials
provided, the equipment installed, and the workmanship performed by the
Contractor.
1.18 INSTRUCTION TO BIDDERS refers to the list of instructions regarding the
manner bids are to be prepared and the conditions for the award of the
Contract.
1.19 LAWS refers to all laws, ordinances and other governmental rules and
regulations applicable to the project and to its execution.
1.20 OWNER is the person or entity or authorized representative thereof who
signed the Contract as Owner.
1.21 OWNER'S REPRESENTATIVE refers to the person or entity commissioned by
the Owner or authorized in writing by the Owner to act on his behalf.
1.22 PAYMENT BOND is the approved form of security furnished by the
Contractor and his Surety as a guarantee of good faith on the part of the
Contractor to faithfully comply with the Contract in respect of its
obligations arising therefrom to its workers, subcontractors, and suppliers.
1.23 PERFORMANCE BOND is the approved form of security furnished by the
Contractor and his Surety as a guarantee of good faith on the part of the
Contractor to execute the Work in accordance with the Contract.
1.24 SCHEDULE OF MATERIALS AND FINISHES is an outline specification
enumerating the type or trade names of materials required to be used by
the Contractor for the Work.
1.25 SPECIFICATIONS are the written or printed description of the work to be
done describing qualities of the material to be used, the equipment to be
installed and the mode of construction.
1.26 SPECIAL PROVISIONS OR CONDITIONS are instructions which are issued
prior to bidding to supplement and/or modify the Drawings, Specifications
and/or General Conditions of the Contract.
1.27 SUB-CONTRACTOR is a contractor duly registered and licensed by the
Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board having a direct contract with the
Contractor and who acts for or in behalf of the Contractor in executing any

3
 part of the Contract. One who merely furnishes materials without labor is a
supplier and not a Sub-Contractor.
1.28 SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIFICATIONS refers to additional information which
may be issued as an addition to or amendment of the provisions of the
Specifications.
1.29 SURETY is the person, firm or corporation which issues the bond required
of the Contractor.
1.30 TIME LIMIT OR COMPLETION TIME is the period of time allowed by the
Contract for the completion of the project or any stipulated portions
thereof.
1.31 WRITTEN NOTICE means information, advice or notification pertinent to the
project delivered in person or sent by registered mail to an individual, firm
or corporation at the latter's last known business address.
1.32 WORK refers to all the Contractor-provided labor or materials or both, as
well as equipment transportation or other facilities necessary to commence
and complete the construction and to fulfill all his obligations which are
called for in the Contract.

ART. 2: EXECUTION, CORRELATION, MEANING OF TERMS, AND INTENT OF

DOCUMENTS
2.01 INTENT OF CONTRACT: The intent of the Contract is to include all labor and
materials, equipment and transportation necessary for the proper
execution of the Work.
2.02 STANDARD OF CONDUCT: Each party to the Contract acknowledges that,
in the exercise of his rights and in the performance of his duties, he must
act with justice, give the other party his due, and observe honesty and good
faith.
2.03 INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACT
a. In case of conflict between the provisions of the Agreement or of any
Contract Document, or between the provisions of one of the Contract
Documents and the provisions of another Contract Document, or in case of
discrepancy, defective description, error or omission in the Contract, the
following rules shall be followed:
RULE 1: The Agreement and the Contract Documents shall be taken as
mutually explanatory of one another. The various provisions of
the Contract shall be interpreted together, attributing to the

4
 doubtful ones that sense which may result from all of them
taken jointly.
RULE 2: The provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on the
interpretation of contracts and of the Rules of Court on the
Interpretation of Documents shall be applied.
RULE 3: Where the conflict between or among the provisions of the
Agreement and/or the Contract Documents cannot be resolved
by Rules 1 and 2, it shall be understood that:
(a) the Detailed Drawings shall prevail over the General
Drawings;
(b) words and figures shall prevail over the Drawings;
(c) words shall prevail over figures in Contract Documents;
(d) written dimensions shall prevail over measured
dimensions.
RULE 4: Where the conflict cannot be resolved by applying Rule 3 or
where Rule 3 does not apply, the conflict shall be resolved by
giving precedence to the Agreement or to provisions of a
Contract Document higher in order of priority among the
various documents which comprise the Contract. The order of
priority among these documents shall be as follows:
(a) Agreement as modified by Notice of Award of Contract, if
such be the case, and the Contractor's conformity thereto:
(b) Instruction to Bidders and any amendment thereto;
(c) Addenda to Bid Documents;
(d) Specifications;
(e) Drawings;
(f) Special Conditions of Contract;
(g) General Conditions of Contract;
(h) Other Contract Documents; and
(i) Other documents forming part of the Contract attached
thereto or incorporated therein by reference.
Where the order of precedence is modified in the Agreement, such
modified order of precedence shall be followed; however, the mere listing
of Contract Documents in the Agreement or any Contract Document shall
not be interpreted as establishing an order of precedence among them.

5
 RULE 5: Where there is discrepancy, defective description, error or
omission in any Contract Document, the Contract Documents
shall be interpreted as being complementary to each other.
Thus, what is called for in one Contract Document, although not
mentioned in another Contract Document where it should have
been mentioned, shall be deemed to be called for by the
Contract.
RULE 6: The apparent silence of the Drawings, Specifications or any
other Contract Document as to any detail, or the lack of detailed
description concerning any part of the work, shall be
understood to mean that good and accepted construction
practice in accordance with the usage or custom of the place
shall be followed.
RULE 7: Rules 1 to 6 shall yield to specific rules of interpretation in this
document or in the Contract.

b. The Owner shall resolve the conflict, or interpret or explain such

discrepancy, defective description, error or omission with due regard to
Article 2.04 below.
c. The interpretation of or explanation by the Owner shall be issued in the
form of instructions to the Contractor. Where the Owner fails to issue the
instruction in writing, the execution of that part of work affected by the
interpretation or explanation without a timely objection or protest of the
Owner shall be deemed to have been executed in accordance with the
Owner's explanation or interpretation.
d. In all cases where a device, item or part of equipment is referred to in the
singular number, it is intended that such reference shall apply to as many
such devices, items, or parts as are required to complete the work.
2.04 CONFORMITY TO THE CONTRACT: The Work shall be executed in
accordance with the Contract.
a. If there be a variance between the Drawings and the Specifications, the
provisions of the Specifications shall control. In case of conflict between
the General Conditions or any modification thereof and the detailed
specification requirements, the detailed specification requirements
shall control.
b. Any discrepancy found between the Drawings and Specifications and
site conditions or any error or omission in the Drawings or Specifications
shall be immediately reported to the Owner, who shall promptly correct
such discrepancy, error, or omission. Any work involving such

6
 discrepancies shall be estimated by the Contractor and unit prices or
lump sum amounts shall be agreed upon by the parties whenever
possible before the work is done. Any work done by the Contractor
involving discrepancies found by the Contractor and not reported to and
without the knowledge of the Owner shall be considered as having been
done at the Contractor's risk.
c. The Owner shall be fully responsible for adequacy of the design
and for sufficiency of the Drawings and Specifications. The complete
requirements of the Work shall be set forth in Drawings and
Specifications to be supplied by the Owner.
d. In the event that any part or whole of the Works, when agreed upon,
are designed by the Contractor, then all responsibilities assigned to the
Owner for the said design shall automatically be assigned to the
Contractor as his responsibility.
2.05 MEANING OF TERMS
a. APPROVED, DIRECTED AND ACCEPTABLE: The words "approved",
"directed" and "acceptable", or words of like import shall mean
approved, directed by or acceptable to the OWNER.
b. FURNISH: The word "furnish" shall be understood to mean "purchase
and/or fabricate and deliver to the jobsite or other location when so
designated."
c. INSTALL: The word "install" shall mean to build in, mount in positions,
connect or apply any object specified ready for the intended use.
d. PROVIDE: The word "provide" shall be understood to mean "furnish
and install."
e. REQUIRED OR NECESSARY: The words "required" or "necessary" shall
mean as required or necessary for the complete execution of that
portion of the Work.
2.06 TIMELY EXERCISE OF ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES. Whenever
under the Contract, the Owner is required to exercise his discretion by:
a. giving his decision, opinion or consent, or
b. expressing his satisfaction and approval, or
c. determining value, or
d. providing drawings, or
e. supplying equipment or materials, or

7
 f. otherwise taking action which may affect the Contractor's timely
completion of the Work,

he shall exercise such discretion fairly and in a timely manner taking due
regard of Completion Time and the approved construction schedule
notwithstanding any provision in the Contract requiring the Contractor to
notify the Owner when such action is due or when such equipment or
materials are due.
Whenever in the Contract, the Contractor is required to give notice, submit
data, catalogs, samples, order or import materials or equipment, prepare
and submit the construction schedule or notify the Owner that a change
has been ordered or an event causing a change has occurred or been
discovered, the Contractor shall do so in a timely manner so as to avoid any
delay in the completion of the Work.
Whenever the Contract or accepted industry practice requires that before
any part of the Work is covered, it must be inspected and approved, the
Owner shall provide a sufficient number of inspectors at the project site
while work is in progress and the failure of the Owner to provide such
inspectors shall be understood as a waiver of the Owner to inspect and
approve that part of the Work.
2.07 DEFECTIVE EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, OR WORK. Whenever the Contract
or the General Conditions provide that the Owner may require the
Contractor to remove or replace defective or inferior materials or
equipment or to replace bad or defective work, the Owner, if he is
represented by a professional duly authorized to supervise the Contractor's
work and to exercise the discretion and authority of the Owner, shall
condemn such materials, equipment or work in order to minimize the
damage or loss of the Contractor. However, where even with the exercise
of due diligence, the Owner could not have discovered the use of inferior
materials and equipment or the defective work, the Owner may condemn
it upon discovery, and the Contractor shall bear all the cost of removing and
replacing the defective or inferior material or equipment or the defective
work.
2.08 REVIEW OF CONTRACT. The Contractor shall carefully study and compare
the various documents that comprise the Contract and shall report to the
Owner any error, inconsistency or omission that may be discovered in its
provisions. The Contractor, however, shall not be liable to the Owner for
any damage resulting from any such error, inconsistency or omission in
the Contract. The Contractor shall follow the Drawings and Specification
and all additional detail drawings and instruction issued by the Owner as

8
 being in full and strict conformity with the Contract and the requirements
of the Work. Except for shop drawings, product data and samples for any
portion of the work provided or supplied by a specialty contractor, the
Owner's approval thereof shall be construed as the Owner's
acknowledgement that the approved shop drawings, product data and
sample comply with the Contract. The Contractor shall not be liable to the
Owner for undetected error, inconsistency or omission in the Contract or
for complying with instructions or following Drawings or Specifications, or
for using or following the approved shop drawings, product data or sample.
2.09 DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLES AT THE SITE. The Contractor shall maintain in
good order at the Project site on a current basis one record copy of all
Drawings, Specifications, addenda, Change Orders and other modifications,
and changes made during construction, including approved shop drawings,
product data and samples. These documents and samples shall be available
to the Owner for the latter's inspection. The Contractor shall advise the
Owner, on a current basis and in writing, of changes in the Work made during
construction, except those made in accordance with Change Orders or
Owner's instruction.
2.10 OWNERSHIP OF CONTRACT AND MODELS: The Drawings, Specifications
and models, including all additional instructions and copies thereof,
furnished to the Contractor shall remain the property of the Owner. They
are not to be used by the Contractor on any other work, and, with the
exception of the signed Contract inclusive of Contract Documents, they
shall be returned to the Owner upon completion of the Work before Final
Payment to the Contractor is made.

ART. 3: DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS

3.01 COPIES OF DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS: The Owner shall furnish the
Contractor, free of charge, three sets of Drawings and Specifications
inclusive of the signed Contract. All other copies of Drawings and
Specifications as required by the Contractor will be furnished to him at cost
of reproduction.
3.02 COORDINATION OF DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS: All Drawings and
models are to be read and understood together with the Specifications, to
form a part thereof. Where figures are given, they are to be followed in
preference to measurements by scale. Anything shown on the Drawings but
not mentioned in the Specifications, or vice versa, or anything not expressly
set forth in either but which is reasonably implied, shall be furnished as if
specifically shown and mentioned in both.

9
 3.03 CLARIFICATION OF MEANING OF DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS: Upon
request of the Contractor, the Owner will explain (i) the meaning of
the Drawings (including notes thereon) or of the Specifications, or (ii) any
obscurity as to the wording of the Specifications. The Owner shall
provide the Contractor directions and explanations necessary and proper
to make more definite and certain any requirement of the Drawings
(including notes thereon) or of the provisions of the Specifications.
3.04 DISCREPANCY IN DRAWINGS: The Contractor shall report to the Owner
any discrepancy in the figures in the drawings immediately upon its
discovery. The Owner shall make the necessary correction. The Contractor
shall not be entitled to an adjustment of his Contract Price and Completion
Time should his work be ordered re-done if such work was made without
notifying the Owner of the discovery of the discrepancy and before the
Owner makes the necessary correction.

ART. 4: DETAIL DRAWINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS

4.01 SUPPLEMENTARY DRAWINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS: The Owner shall
furnish additional detail drawings and instructions essential to their proper
interpretation and proper execution of the Work. All such additional
drawings and instructions are to be considered of equal force as those
which originally accompany the Specifications.
ART. 5: SHOP DRAWINGS
5.01 CONDITIONS IN THE PREPARATION OF SHOP DRAWINGS: The Contractor
shall prepare at his own expense and submit two copies of all shop or
setting drawings, templates, patterns and models and the Owner shall pass
upon them making desired corrections, if any. The Contractor shall make
the corrections in the shop drawings required by the Owner and file with
the latter three (3) corrected copies thereof.
5.02 IDENTIFICATION: Shop drawings which shall be numbered consecutively
shall represent:
a. All working and erection dimensions.
b. Arrangement and sectional views.
c. Necessary details, including complete information for making
connections with other work.
d. Kinds of materials and finishes.
Shop drawings shall be dated and contain (a) the name of project, (b) the
descriptive names of equipment, materials, and classified item numbers
and (c) the location at which materials or equipment are to be installed in
the Work.

10
5.03 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL: Submission of shop drawings shall be
accompanied by a letter of transmittal in duplicate, containing the name of
the project, the Contractor's name, number drawings, titles, and other
pertinent data.
5.04 CORRECTIONS, CHANGES AND VARIATIONS: The Contractor shall submit
three sets of prints of shop drawings to the Owner for approval.
Satisfactory shop drawings will be so identified by the Owner, dated, and
one copy thereof returned to the Contractor. Should shop drawings be
disapproved by the Owner, one set of such shop drawings will be returned
to the Contractor indicating therein the corrections and changes to be
made.
a. The Contractor shall make the required corrections and changes and
resubmit the shop drawings, in duplicate, until the Owner's approval
is obtained.
b. Upon receipt of such approval, the Contractor shall insert the date
of approval on the tracings and promptly furnish the Owner with
three additional prints of approved drawings.
c. No work called for by the shop drawings shall be executed by the
Contractor until the Owner's approval is given.
d. If the shop drawings show variations from the Contract requirements
because of standard shop practice or other reasons, the Contractor
shall make specific mention of such variations in his letter of
submittal.
5.05 RESPONSIBILITY FOR ACCURACY: If the Contractor is a specialty contractor
or is engaged by the Owner as a specialty contractor, the Owner's approval
of shop drawings will be general. It shall not relieve the Contractor of
responsibility for accuracy of such shop drawings, nor for proper fitting and
construction of work, nor for furnishing of materials or work required by
the Contract and not indicated on the shop drawings. The Owner's
approval of such drawings or schedule shall not relieve the specialty
contractor from responsibility for deviations from the Drawings or
Specifications, unless he has, in writing, called the Owner's attention to
such deviations at the time of submission and secured the Owner's written
approval.
5.06 OWNER’S APPROVAL: Unless specified to the contrary or unless the
Contractor’s submission is deficient, shop drawing approval by the Owner
shall be made within seven (7) working days of submission by the
Contractor.

11
ART. 6: LAWS AND SITE CONDITIONS
6.01 LAWS AND REGULATIONS: In general, the Contractor shall comply with all
Laws in so far as they are binding upon or affect the parties thereto, or the
Work. He shall also comply with regulations of firms furnishing utilities such
as water, gas, telephone and electricity for the project.
If the Contractor performs any work contrary to such Laws or utilities'
regulations, he shall bear all additional costs arising therefrom.
6.02 SITE CONDITIONS: Before the bidding and the awarding of the Contract,
the Contractor is expected to have visited the project site and made his own
estimate of the facilities required in and difficulties attending the execution
of the Work, on account of local conditions and all other contingencies. The
Owner shall, however, furnish the Contractor a geodetic survey and sub-
surface exploration which the Contractor may rely upon in the preparation
of his Bid.

ART. 7: PERMITS, TAXES AND SURVEYS

7.01 PERMITS AND LICENSES: The Owner, with the Contractor's assistance, shall
secure and pay all construction permits and licenses necessary for the
execution of the Work or of any temporary work and easements in relation
thereto.
The Contractor shall secure the final occupancy permit but he shall not be
responsible to the Owner if, without his fault, the license is not issued or
there was delay in its issuance.
7.02 TAXES: Wherever the law of the place where the project is located requires
sales, consumer, use, or other similar tax related or pertinent only to the
construction of the project, the Contractor shall pay such tax.
7.03 CONSTRUCTION STAKES AND REFERENCE MARK: The Owner shall furnish
all surveys describing the physical characteristics, legal limitations, and
utility locations of the site. He shall also furnish rights-of-way for access to
the site. The Owner shall be responsible for the establishment of lot lines,
boundary lines, easements and benchmarks which shall be made by a
certified surveyor. The Owner may request the Contractor to verify before
the start of the construction the result of such surveys, provided the Owner
shall pay for the cost of such verification. The Owner shall also pay for any
damage or cost to the Contractor brought about by errors in data furnished.

12
 All other grade, lines, levels, and benchmarks necessary for the prosecution
of the work shall be established and maintained by the Contractor.
The Contractor shall provide and maintain well-built batter boards at all
corners. He shall establish benchmarks in not less than two widely
separated places. As work progresses, the Contractor shall establish
benchmarks at each floor giving exact levels of various floors, and shall lay-
out the exact locations of all partitions as a guide to all trades.
7.04 SERVICES OF GEODETIC ENGINEER: The Contractor shall, at his option or
when so required under the Contract, engage the services of a licensed
Geodetic Engineer to confirm and certify the location of column centers,
piers, walls, pits, trenches, pipe work, utility lines and work of a similar
nature.
The Geodetic Engineer shall also verify and certify the lines and levels of any
part of the Work at any time if so required by the Owner.
The certification shall be provided the Owner and the Contractor. If the
Geodetic Engineer finds any deviation from the Drawings in the Work of the
Contractor, he shall report his findings to the Owner within 24 hours from
discovery.
The Contractor shall be responsible for loss or damage caused by the act or
omission of the Geodetic Engineer. However, without exempting the
Contractor from liability, but in mitigation of it, the Geodetic Engineer's
certification shall be regarded as an independent and disinterested
verification of such lay-out.

13
ART. 8: GENERAL
All materials and equipment must conform to all Laws now or which may
be in force and applicable during the period of construction. The Contractor
shall bear all damages by reason of any delay in the Work arising from his
failure to comply with this provision. Where any revision or amendment to
such Laws is made during the construction period which affects the cost or
time of completion of the Contract, a constructive change in the Work shall
be recognized and a corresponding Contract Price and Completion Time
adjustment shall be made.

ART. 9: EQUIPMENT
9.01 QUALITY OF EQUIPMENT: In order to establish standards of quality, the
Owner, in the detailed Specifications may have referred to certain
equipment by name and catalog number. This procedure is not to be
construed as eliminating from competition other products of equal or
better quality by other manufacturers where they are fully suitable in
design.
9.02 EQUIPMENT SUBSTITUTION: The Contractor shall furnish the complete list
of proposed substitutions preferably prior to the signing of the Contract
together with such engineering and catalog data as the Owner may require.
All requests for substitution of equipment shall be in writing. The Owner
will approve or disapprove the request in writing. No substitute equipment
shall be used unless approved in writing by the Owner. The Contractor shall
abide by the Owner’s judgment as to which proposed substitute items of
equipment are judged to be acceptable.

ART. 10: MATERIALS, FIXTURES, APPLIANCES, AND FITTINGS FURNISHED BY THE

CONTRACTOR
10.01 SAMPLES OF MATERIALS: The Contractor shall furnish for approval
samples as specified or required. The work shall be in accordance with
approved samples.
a. Unless otherwise specified, three samples shall be submitted, of
adequate size to show quality, type, color, range, finish, and texture
of material.
b. Each sample shall be labelled, bearing the material’s name and
quality, the Contractor’s name, date, project name, and other
pertinent data.

14
 c. Where the Specifications require the manufacturer’s printed
installation directions, such directions shall accompany the samples
submitted for approval.
d. A letter of transmittal in triplicate from the Contractor requesting
approval shall accompany all sets of samples.
e. Materials requiring prior approval of the Owner shall not be ordered
until such approval in writing is given by the Owner. All materials
shall be furnished substantially equal in every respect as the
approved samples.
10.02 TRADE NAME MATERIALS AND SUBSTITUTES:
a. Whenever an item or class of materials is specified exclusively by trade
name, by manufacturer’s name or by catalog reference, only such item
shall be used except as provided in paragraph (b) hereof.
b. No substitution shall be made of any material, article, or process
required under the Contract unless the substitution is approved in
writing by the Owner.
c. The Contractor shall be responsible for materials and articles installed
or used without such approval.
d. Samples of materials for use, in reinforced concrete work such as steel
bars, cement, and aggregates and their certificates of origin shall be
approved by the Owner.
10.03 TESTING SAMPLES OF MATERIALS: The Contractor shall submit to the
Owner as many samples as may be needed for purposes of testing. Testing
of all samples shall comply with the Specifications and government
standards and shall be performed by a competent entity or testing
laboratory approved by the Owner.
All costs of shipment, delivery, handling and testing of Contractor-supplied
samples are to be paid by the Contractor.
10.04 QUALITY OF MATERIALS: Unless otherwise specified, all materials shall be
new and their quality shall be of the best grade of their respective kinds
taking into account the nature of the project and requirements of the
Contract.
10.05 STORAGE AND STOCKPILING OF MATERIALS:
a. The Owner shall provide the Contractor, at or near the project site,
sufficient space for the Contractor’s and Sub-contractors’ use for
storage of their materials and for erection of their sheds and tool
houses.

15
 b. All cement, lime, and other materials affected by moisture shall be
stored on platforms and protected from the weather. The materials
shall be so stored as to ensure the preservation of their quality and
fitness for the work. Stored materials shall be so located so as to
facilitate prompt inspection.
c. Should it be necessary at any time to move materials, sheds, or storage
platforms, the Contractor shall do so at this own expense.
10.06 DEFECTIVE MATERIALS: All materials not conforming to the Specifications
shall be considered defective. The Contractor shall remove or replace
defective materials when ordered to do so by the Owner. Upon the
Contractor’s failure to do so, the Owner may remove and replace them and
deduct the cost of removal and replacement from any money due or to
become due the Contractor. No materials, the defects of which have been
subsequently corrected shall be used until the Owner’s approval is given.
Should the Specifications, Drawings, Special Provisions and Supplementary
Specifications fail to provide any detail or description concerning the nature
and quality of the Work to be performed it should be understood that
generally accepted construction practice shall be followed.
10.07 IMPORTED MATERIALS, FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT: The Contractor,
taking into consideration the Completion Time, shall make timely
arrangements for the purchase and delivery of all specified imported
materials, fixtures, appliances and equipment in order to avoid delay in the
completion of the Work.
No extension of time shall be allowed if, due to negligence or inadvertence
of the Contractor, such imported items arrive late.
10.08 OWNER’S APPROVAL: Unless specified to the contrary or unless the
Contractor’s submission is deficient, equipment, samples or materials
submissions shall be acted upon by the Owner within seven (7) working
days of submission by the Contractor.

ART. 11: MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, FIXTURES, APPLIANCES AND FITTINGS

FURNISHED BY THE OWNER
Materials, equipment, fixtures, appliances and fittings specifically indicated
in the Contract shall be provided in accordance with the Owner-approved
construction schedule. Materials furnished by the Owner shall be deemed
acceptable for the purpose intended. The Contractor may continue to use
them until otherwise directed in writing by the Owner. No further test shall
be required unless the Owner directs otherwise and pays the cost of such
test. If the Contractor discovers any defect in materials furnished by the
Owner, he shall advise the Owner in writing. The Contractor shall be
16
 responsible for material loss of or damage to any Owner-provided material,
equipment, fixture, appliance or fitting in his custody.

ART. 12: ROYALTIES AND PATENTS

The Contractor shall pay all royalties and license fees on all patented
materials and processes furnished by him. He shall defend all suits or claims
corresponding thereto for infringement of any patent rights and shall save
the Owner harmless from loss on account thereof.

ART. 13: MANUFACTURER’S DIRECTIONS

All manufactured articles, materials, equipment, appliances, fixtures and
fittings supplied by the Contractor shall be applied, installed, connected,
erected, used, cleaned, and conditioned by him, in accordance with
manufacturer’s printed directions. Where reference is made to the
manufacturer’s directions, the Contractor shall submit the specified
number of copies of such directions to the Owner.

17
ART. 14: USE OF PREMISES
14.01 LIMITATION OF USE: The Contractor shall confine his apparatus, the
storage of materials, and the operations of his workmen to limits indicated
by Law or directions of the Owner and shall not unreasonably encumber
the work premises with his materials.
14.02 SAFEGUARD FOR STRUCTURE: The Contractor shall not load or permit any
part of the structure to be loaded with a weight that will endanger its safety.
The Contractor shall enforce the Owner’s safety instructions regarding
signs, advertisements, fires and smoking.

ART. 15: TEMPORARY STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES

15.01 TEMPORARY OFFICE AND CONTRACTOR’S BUILDING: The Contractor
shall, taking into account the location and size of the site, at all times
provide and maintain an adequate weathertight temporary office with
necessary basic facilities such as water, light, and telephone. When
practicable or depending upon the nature and complexity of the project,
the Owner may require the Contractor to comply with other requirements
for temporary structures and facilities as provided for in the Contract.
15.02 TEMPORARY HOUSING FOR WORKERS: The temporary buildings for
housing men, or the erection of tents or other forms of protection will be
permitted only at such places as the Owner shall designate; provided,
however, that if no particular area is designated, the Contractor may use
his own discretion in determining such areas in consultation with the
Owner. The sanitary condition of the grounds in or about such structures
at the project site shall at all times be maintained in a manner satisfactory
to the Owner. Nobody shall be allowed to sleep or cook within the building
line of the project under construction.
15.03 SAFETY AND SANITATION: The Contractor shall, from the commencement
of the Work and until its completion: (a) furnish and put up all temporary
barricades and guard lights necessary for the protection, proper
prosecution and completion of the Work, (b) maintain guard lights at the
top of the falsework tower, barricades, railings, etc.; (c) provide and
maintain ample sanitary toilet accommodation and other necessary
conveniences including water connections for the use of personnel and
laborers on the work properly secluded from public observation in such
manner and at such points as shall be approved by the Owner, and their use
shall be strictly enforced; (d) keep such places clean and free from flies; and

18
 (e) remove all connections and appliances connected therewith prior to the
completion of the Work.
15.04 TEMPORARY SIGNS: No signs or advertisements will be allowed to be
displayed without the Owner’s approval. The Contractor may erect one
painted sign, giving the names and addresses of the Owner, the Contractor,
and the various sub-contractors. The Owner shall approve the size, color,
lettering, and location of such temporary signs.
15.05 TEMPORARY OR TRIAL USAGE: Temporary or trial usage by the Owner of
any mechanical device, machinery, apparatus, equipment, or any work or
materials supplied by the Contractor before final completion and written
acceptance by the Owner shall not be construed as evidence that the
Owner has accepted it.
Such test run shall be made by the Owner for such reasonable length of
time, as the Owner shall deem necessary. The Owner shall not be liable for
injury to or breaking of any part of such work which may be caused by
weakness or inaccuracy of structural parts or by defective materials or
workmanship.
The Contractor may, at his own expense, make such trial usage with prior
notice to and for the benefit of the Owner.

19
ART. 16: PROTECTION OF WORK AND OWNER'S PROPERTY
16.01 SAFEGUARD MEASURES: The Contractor shall:
a. take all reasonable measures to protect from damage (i) the Works, (ii)
the Owner's property, and (iii) the equipment, materials, appliances and
fixtures supplied or paid for by the Owner and shall make good any
damage, injury or loss thereto, except such as may be caused by agents
or employees of the Owner, or due to causes considered Act of God;
b. provide reliable and competent watchmen to guard the site and
premises, provide all doorways with locks under his control and lock
such doors at the close of each day's work; provided, however, that if
the Owner deems the security service inadequate or incompetent, the
Contractor shall increase or change the security personnel;
c. prohibit smoking at the site and signs to this effect shall be posted
conspicuously;
d. prohibit fires built on the site except by express consent of the Owner;
and
e. provide and maintain in good working order an adequate number of
fire-fighting equipment and such equipment shall not be used for any
other purpose.
16.02 OLD MATERIALS: All old materials of value as determined through a joint
inventory by the Owner and the Contactor found at the work site shall be
carefully stored at the place designated by the Owner; and the Contractor
shall be responsible for their safekeeping until final acceptance of the Work.
16.03 TREES AND OTHER PLANTS: Existing trees, plants, shrubs, etc., which are
to remain at the site shall be boxed and otherwise protected from damage.
No trees within the site located outside building lines shall be cut or
removed without the specific approval from the Owner.
a. When specifically included in the Contractor's scope of work, all trees
and other plants that need to be transplanted elsewhere shall be done
by the Contractor in accordance with instructions of the Owner.
b. Damage to trees, plants, shrubs, streets, sidewalks, etc., resulting from
fault or negligence of the Contractor in connection with the execution
of the Work shall be made good and/or replaced or repaired by the
Contractor at his own expense.

20
 16.04 DRAINAGE: If it should be necessary in the prosecution of the Work to
interrupt or obstruct the natural flow of rivers or streams, the drainage of
the surface, or the flow of artificial drains, the Contractor shall do so in such
a way that no damage shall result to either public or private interests. For
his neglect to provide other means of drainage for any existing natural or
artificial drainage which he may have obstructed and/or interrupted, the
Contractor shall be liable for all damages which may result therefrom.

ART. 17: PROTECTION OF ADJACENT PROPERTY AND EXISTING UTILITIES

17.01 CONTRACTOR'S RESPONSIBILITY: The Contractor shall adequately protect
adjacent property as provided by Law and the Contract. Any neighboring
property or building which may be jeopardized in any manner must be
thoroughly and substantially protected against damage during construction
at the Contractor's expense.
17.02 The Contractor shall be liable for and pay for all damages to adjacent and
existing utilities occasioned in any manner by his act or neglect, or by that
of his agents, employees, or workmen.
17.03 CONDITION SURVEY: Prior to commencement of the Works, the
Contractor shall, insofar as is legally and physically possible, survey and
ascertain the condition of any existing adjacent properties or buildings and
record the results thereof through photographic record or by any other
means.

ART. 18: PROTECTION OF LIFE, WORK AND PROPERTY DURING AN EMERGENCY

18.01 AUTHORIZATION TO CONTRACTOR: In an emergency endangering life, the
Work or the adjoining property, the Contractor, even without special
instruction or authorization from the Owner, shall act, at his discretion, to
prevent or minimize such threatened loss or injury. Emergency work
performed by the Contractor shall be treated as one performed under a
Change Order unless the emergency was caused or brought about by his
fault or negligence.

21
ART. 19: LABOR
19.01 CHARACTER OF WORKMEN: The Contractor shall employ only competent
and duly qualified professionals, technical personnel, foremen, mechanics
and workers to supervise or execute the Work. Upon written request of
the Owner, the Contractor shall remove from the site an employee who is
careless or incompetent or obstructs the progress of the work or acts
contrary to instructions or conducts himself improperly.

ART. 20: WORK

20.01 METHODS AND APPLIANCES: The Contractor shall use such methods and
appliances for the performance of the Work as will ensure the completion
of the Work of the required quality within the Completion Time.
If, at any time before the commencement or during the progress of the
Work, such methods or appliances appear to the Owner to be inefficient or
inappropriate for producing the quality of work required, or insuring the
required rate of progress, the Owner may order the Contractor to increase
the rate of their efficiency, or to improve their system of operation. The
Contractor must comply with such order. Failure, however, of the Owner
to demand such increase of efficiency or improvement of the character or
methods of work or of the appliances shall not relieve the Contractor from
his obligation to turn out such quality of work and rate of progress as are
called for in the Contract.
20.02 LAYING OUT THE WORK: All stakes and benchmarks placed by the
Contractor in laying out the work and approved by the Owner shall be
carefully guarded and preserved by the Contractor. Unless such stakes or
marks are displaced or rendered useless through the carelessness or
neglect of the Owner or of his agents or employees, they shall be replaced
by the Contractor at his expense.
20.03 DEFECTIVE WORK: Work that fails to comply with the Contract is
defective. Defective work shall be condemned by the Owner upon
discovery, and when such work has been condemned it shall be
immediately removed by the Contractor and replaced in accordance with
the Drawings and Specifications.

22
20.04 INSPECTION OF WORK
a. The Owner shall have access, at all times, to the Work. The Owner shall
provide a sufficient number of inspectors while Work is in progress to
ensure its timely inspection.
b. The Contractor shall furnish without additional charge all reasonable
facilities, labor and materials necessary for the convenient inspection
and tests that may be required by the inspectors.
c. The Owner shall provide inspectors authorized to witness the pouring of
concrete and the absence of the Owner's inspectors at any time during
the progress of the work shall be an implicit approval of the quality of
the cement mix and the authority to pour it.
d. If the Specifications, the Owner's instructions, the Laws, or any public
authority requires any work to be specifically tested or approved, the
Contractor shall give timely notice to the Owner and other parties
required to make or be present at the inspection of the date and time
of such inspection. Inspection by the Owner shall be made, where
practicable, at the source of supply.
e. If any work should be covered up without timely notice to the Owner,
or before the Owner can make a timely inspection thereof, it must, if
required by the Owner, be uncovered for examination at the
Contractor's expense. However, notwithstanding the failure of the
Owner to make a timely inspection of the work before it is covered, its
re-examination may be ordered by the Owner and if so ordered, the
work must be uncovered by the Contractor at the Owner's expense but
if such work be found not in accordance with the Contract, the
Contractor shall shoulder the cost of uncovering and re-doing the work.
f. If there are indications that the work done is not in accordance with the
Drawings and Specifications, the Owner may at any time before final
acceptance of the Work make an examination of the portion already
completed by removing or tearing out the same. The Contractor shall,
on request, furnish all necessary facilities, labor, and materials. If such
work is found to be defective in any material respect due to fault of the
Contractor or his sub-contractors, the Contractor shall defray all the
costs of such examination and of satisfactory reconstruction. If,
however, such work is found to meet the requirements of the Contract,
the actual cost of labor and materials necessarily involved in the
examination and replacement plus 15 percent (15%), shall be allowed
the Contractor and he shall, in addition, if completion of the work has

23
 been delayed thereby, be granted a suitable extension of time on
account of the additional work involved.
g. All inspection and tests shall be performed as not to delay the work
unnecessarily.
20.05 WORK DURING AN EMERGENCY: The Contractor shall perform any work
and shall furnish and install all materials and equipment necessary during
an emergency endangering life or property. In such cases, Article 18.01
shall apply.
20.06 INCREASED OR DECREASED QUANTITIES OF WORK: Adjustments in
working drawings to suit field conditions which cannot be foreseen at the
time of calling for bids, may be necessary during construction. It is the
essence of the Contract to recognize such changes in Drawings as normal.
The resulting change in quantities or the increase in the scope of work of
the Contractor shall be covered by a Change Order. Work done by the
Contractor without timely notice to the Owner that an adjustment is
required of Contract Price and Completion Time shall be at his own risk and
expense.
20.07 CHANGES IN THE WORK:
A. CHANGES ORDERED BY OWNER: The Owner may at any time order
extra work or make changes by altering, adding to or deducting from his
scope of work and within the general scope thereof; provided however
that the resulting overruns or underruns from the quantities or costs in
the Bid do not exceed twenty-five percent (25%). Such changes shall be
ordered by the Owner in writing.
The issuance by the Owner of the revised Drawings or Supplemental
Specifications changing the nature or work to be performed or of the
materials, equipment, appliances or fixtures to be provided shall be
treated as sufficient written instruction of the Owner to the Contractor
to execute the change.
B. CHANGE OF SUB-SURFACE CONDITIONS: If, during the progress of the
work, sub-surface conditions at the site materially different from those
shown on the Drawings or indicated in the Specifications or in any
Contract Document, are discovered or encountered, the attention of the
Owner shall be called to such conditions before they are disturbed. The
Owner shall thereupon investigate the conditions, and if he finds that
they materially differ from those shown on the Drawings or indicated in
the Specifications or in the report of the Owner's geodetic survey and
sub-surface exploration, he shall make such changes in the Drawings and
Specifications as he may find necessary.

24
 If as a result of sub-surface conditions, additional or a different type of
work be required, although no change in the Drawings or Specifications
may be required, a Change Order shall be necessary and issued to the
Contractor.
C. ADJUSTMENT OF CONTRACT: The Work shall be executed under the
conditions of the Contract. If changes under paragraphs A and B shall
cause an increase or decrease in the amount due under the Contract, or
in the time required for or manner of its performance, an equitable
adjustment shall be made and the Contract modified accordingly. In the
event that the Work is increased by such changes, the Contractor shall
furnish proportionate additional performance bond.
In case where the Owner initiates a deductive change order for the
purpose of transferring certain work items or part of the scope of work
to another party or for the owner to supply certain construction
materials, then the Contractor shall be entitled to 15% of the amount
deducted in the change order to recover his overhead and profit.
D. VALUE OF EXTRA WORK: The value of any extra work or change shall
be determined by the Owner in any one or more of the following ways:
(a) By a lump sum acceptable to the Contractor.
(b) By unit prices either stipulated in the Contract or subsequently
agreed upon, provided the aggregate value of changes does not
exceed 25% of the original Contract Price of the particular pay
item.
(c) By actual direct cost plus value added tax, if any, plus fifteen
percent (15%) for Contractor's profit and overhead.
Changes required by the Owner which in the aggregate exceed twenty-
five percent (25%) for overruns shall be covered by a supplemental
contract. The Contractor shall not be obliged to execute such changes in
accordance with the unit rate specified in his Bid, a supplementary
contract being treated as one separate from and independent of the
Contract.
Where the aggregate value of all changes per pay item exceed twenty-
five percent (25%) and the Contractor, without demanding the
execution of a supplemental contract executes the additional work
required with objection or protest, the value of the changes shall be
determined in accordance with subparagraph (b) above.

25
 Under case (c) above, the Contractor shall keep and present, in such
form as the Owner may direct, a correct account of the direct cost
together with vouchers and other supporting documents.
E. AWARD OF EXTRA WORK TO OTHER CONTRACTORS: In case any extra
work shall be required in the proper performance of the Work, and the
Contractor and the Owner shall fail to arrive at any agreement as to the
adjustment of Contract Price and/or Completion Time, the Owner may
award such extra work to another contractor.
20.08 CLAIMS FOR EXTRA COST: If the Contractor claims that any instructions by
the Owner or the Drawings or Specifications issued after submission of the
Bid, involve a change, he shall give the Owner written notice thereof within
fifteen (15) days after the receipt of such instruction, Drawings or
Specifications, as much as possible, before proceeding to execute the work,
except in emergency endangering life or property provided for in Article
18.01.
In like manner, if the Contractor incurs a delay in the mobilization and/or in
the progress of his work for reasons attributable to the Owner, such as but
not limited to Owner-supplied materials not arriving on time, movements
or work executed by the Owner which interfere with the progress of the
Contractor's work, delayed decisions by the Owner and other matters
related thereto, he shall give the Owner written notice thereof within
fifteen (15) days after recognition of such delay.
The amount due to the Contractor under this article shall be paid by the
Owner in the same manner as any other sum to which the Contractor may
be entitled under the Contract, particularly under Articles 20.06, 20.07,
22.05 and 22.10. Delay in said payment shall entitle the Contractor to an
extension of time and to payment of interest in accordance with Article
22.05. Refusal or unreasonable delay by the Owner to pay the amount due
shall entitle the Contractor to suspend or terminate the Contract whenever
permitted under Article 26.
20.09 CLEANING UP AT COMPLETION OF WORK: The Contractor shall at all times
keep the premises free from accumulations of waste materials or rubbish
caused by his employees. Rubbish shall not be thrown from windows or
other parts of the structure without the use of rubbish chutes. At the
completion of the Work, he shall remove all temporary work, his rubbish
therefrom and all his tools, scaffolding and surplus materials and turn over
the work for occupancy.
All dirt, stains, and the like on all finishing of floors, walls and ceiling,
decorative work, finishing hardware and fixtures shall be removed.

26
 All woodwork, finishing hardware and all metal works shall be cleaned and
polished.
All glazing, marble and tile work shall be washed and cleaned. The
Contractor shall also clean the site as shown in the Drawings and all areas
which the Contractor used in the execution of the project.
If the Contractor fails to clean up after due notice at the completion of the
Work, the Owner may do so and the cost thereof charged to the Contractor.
If a dispute arises between the Contractor and separate contractors as to
their responsibility for cleaning up, the Owner may clean up the site and
charge the cost thereof to the contractors responsible therefor as the
Owner shall determine to be just.
20.10 USE OF COMPLETED PORTIONS OF WORK: The Owner may take
possession of and use any completed or partially completed portion of the
Work, although the time for completing it or portions thereof may not have
expired; but such taking of possession and use shall not be deemed an
acceptance of any work not completed in accordance with the Contract.
Neither shall it be deemed a waiver by the Owner of the right to claim
damages due to delay in the completion of the Work. If such prior use
increases the cost or delays the completion of uncompleted work or causes
refinishing of completed work, the Contractor shall be entitled to extra
compensation or extension of time or both.
In the event of the Owner taking over any portion of the Work for his use
prior to overall completion, then the Owner shall issue a Certificate of
Completion for such portion taken over and release retention as required
by the Contract, subject to the provisions of Articles 20.11, 20.12, 20.13,
20.14 and 20.15.
20.11 SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION AND ITS EFFECT:
A. [a] There is substantial completion when the Contractor completes
ninety-five percent (95%) of the Work, provided that the remaining
work and the performance of the work necessary to complete the
Work shall not prevent the normal use of the completed portion.
[b] The approval by the Owner of the Contractor's billing for completing
at least ninety-five percent (95%) of the Work shall be deemed the
Owner's acknowledgment that the Contractor has substantially
completed the Work unless the Owner can establish that the
unfinished work prevents the normal use of the completed portion.
[c] The Owner may also issue to the Contractor a written
acknowledgement of substantial completion which may be in the

27
 form of a Certificate of Substantial Completion or equivalent
document but the date of this document shall not be controlling if
substantial completion is shown to have been made at an earlier
date, unless the Contractor accepts the certificate without taking
exceptions thereto in writing within fifteen (15) days from receipt.
B. [a] Notwithstanding paragraph A above, the equipment, fixtures and
utilities (collectively, the "Facility") furnished and/or installed by the
Contractor which the Contract requires to be test-run prior to
acceptance shall be test-run successfully before the Work can be
accepted as substantially completed.
[b] The Owner shall, without delay, cause the test-run of the Facility.
Should the Contractor be unable to completely install or furnish and
test-run the Facility through no fault of his, the Contractor shall
automatically be entitled to an extension of Completion Time equal
to the period of delay.
C. [a] The Owner shall issue to the Contractor one or more lists of defects
found or discovered on the completed work, otherwise known as a
punch list or lists, which the Contractor must receive from the Owner
not later than thirty (30) days from date of substantial completion.
[b] The Owner may add to the punch list items but only as to corrective
work on the items in the original punchlist or lists not later than sixty
(60) days from date of substantial completion.
D. [a] No liquidated damages for delay beyond the Completion Time shall
accrue after the date of substantial completion of the Work.
[b] If the targeted date of completion has arrived and the Contractor
cannot achieve ninety five percent (95%) completion of the Work
due to the uncompleted Facility caused by the Owner's fault,
negligence or delay of the Owner, the Contractor shall be deemed to
have achieved substantial completion provided (i) the contractor has
completed at least ninety five percent (95%) of the work minus the
uncompleted Facility, and (ii) the Contractor has completed the work
required on the Facility but for that which is directly affected by the
Owner's fault, negligence or delay. The Owner shall release to the
Contractor the Contract Price less the cost of the uncompleted
portion of the work and the amounts mentioned in Article 22.03.
E. The purpose of this Article is to ensure that the Contractor is paid for
Work completed and for the Owner to retain such portion of the
Contract Price, which, together with the Performance Bond, is sufficient
to complete the Work without additional cost to the Owner.
28
20.12 PERIOD OF MAKING GOOD OF KNOWN DEFECTS OR FAULTS: The
expression "Period of Making Good of Known Defects or Faults" shall mean
a period of not more than thirty (30) calendar days, calculated from the date
of receipt by the Contractor of the last item in the punch list submitted
during the period provided in Article 20.11 C (b), during which the
Contractor shall complete the corrective works.
20.13 MAKING GOOD OF KNOWN DEFECTS OR FAULTS: The Contractor shall
execute at his own expense all works necessary for making good of known
defects, imperfections or faults (wear and tear excepted) within the period
stated in Article 20.12.
If, in the opinion of the Owner, the defect or fault in the punch list is due to
a cause attributable to the Owner, the value of such work shall be
ascertained and paid for as if it were additional work.
If the Contractor shall fail to do any such corrective work, the Owner shall,
upon written notice to the Contractor, be entitled to carry out such work
by his own workmen or by other contractors, and charge the cost thereof
to the Contractor. The Owner may withhold an amount not exceeding the
Contract cost of executing such work from the payment to the Contractor.
20.14 SPECIAL TEST AND INSPECTION: Special test, inspection or approval, not
otherwise required in the Contract which the Owner instructs the
Contractor to perform after the date of substantial completion shall be
treated as a separate work which shall be covered by a supplemental
agreement.
20.15 ACCEPTANCE OF NON-CONFORMING WORK: If the Owner accepts
defective or non-conforming work, instead of requiring its removal and
correction, the Owner shall issue to the Contractor a change order to reflect
a reduction in the Contract Price where appropriate by an amount not
exceeding the value of the unfinished work as determined in the
Breakdown of Work and Corresponding Value. Such adjustment shall be
effected whether or not final payment has been made.
20.16 ADJUSTMENT OF PRICES:
A. There shall be added to or deducted from the Contract Price such sums
affecting the execution of the Work caused by any of the following: an
event of force majeure including abnormal changes in costs of materials,
increases in labor costs mandated by law or wage order, increase in the
cost of oil, and the deterioration of peace and order.
B. Adjustment of prices due to escalation or reduction of costs of executing
the work shall be made using a parametric formula to be agreed upon

29
 by the parties. In default of such agreement, the parametric formula
under applicable laws shall be applied. Such adjustment shall be made
to provide equitable relief to both the Owner and the Contractor,
allowing neither to gain nor to lose by such fluctuation. Adjustment of
the Contract Price due to escalation shall be for the sole purpose of
compensating the Contractor for the increase in the direct cost of his
labor and materials used for the work, plus value-added tax.
C. The adjustment of prices shall be determined on the basis of the original
Contract unit prices of labor and materials and such unit prices in effect
during the relevant period of work accomplishment.
D. The Contract Price shall be adjusted, not oftener than once a month, due
to increase or decrease of the direct cost of labor and materials of more
than five percent (5%) of the original Contract unit prices of the relevant
items of work. The adjustment shall include the first five percent (5%).
E. In case the project is behind schedule by more than fifteen percent
(15%) from the approved construction schedule, not due to excusable
delays, the payment for work accomplished shall be made on the basis
of the Contract Price as adjusted in accordance with the escalation rate
applicable during the period in which it should have been accomplished.
F. This Article 20.16 shall not apply to an increase or decrease in the cost
of materials and services provided or supplied by the Owner.
20.17 PAYMENT IN LEGAL TENDER: Payments in money under the Contract shall
be made in the currency stipulated; and if it is not legally possible to deliver
such currency, then in the currency which is legal tender in the Philippines.

ART. 21: TIME OF COMPLETION OF WORK

21.01 NOTICE TO PROCEED, WHEN REQUIRED: A Notice to Proceed shall be
issued by the Owner to the Contractor only when the Contract so provides.
Premature commencement of construction shall be at the Contractor's risk
unless it is due to their mutual desire to have the Contractor commence the
work early, and the Owner gives the Contractor express or implied authority
to do so.
21.02 COMPLETION TIME: The Contractor shall complete the Work in
accordance with the Contract within the period fixed therein and as
adjusted due to changes both directed and constructive. If the Contractor
is directed to commence the Work after receipt of the Notice to Proceed to
be issued by the Owner, such shall begin within seven days from receipt of

30
 the Notice to Proceed, unless the Notice to Proceed provides for a later date
for commencement of the Work.
For projects involving several phases of work with milestones,
commencement date shall be reckoned from the time the Contractor
receives the Notice to Proceed and/or Possession of Site for each milestone
as shall be necessary to enable the Contractor to execute the contract
works in accordance with the schedule stipulated in the Contract.
21.03 SCHEDULE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK
A. The Contractor, immediately after the Contract has taken effect, shall
submit for approval a construction schedule in a form acceptable to the
Owner indicating the approximate date each pay item will be started
and completed, the equipment to be used and number of men to be
employed to complete it in accordance with the schedule. The progress
of the work shall be at a rate sufficient to complete the Work in an
acceptable manner within the Completion Time.
B. In case of slippage, the Owner may call for meetings with the Contractor
and other contractors involved to determine the possible cause/s
contributing to the slow progress of the construction work, and if such
slippage is due to the fault or negligence of the Contractor, the Owner
may require the Contractor to submit a catch-up schedule which shall
be subject to approval by the Owner.
C. The Owner may order the acceleration of work to meet a desired
completion date. Acceleration of work for the benefit or convenience of
the Owner or caused by the fault of or delay by the Owner, shall be
treated as extra work for which a Change Order shall be issued and the
Contractor shall be paid for the cost of such acceleration. However,
where the reason for acceleration is due to the fault of the Contractor,
such additional cost for acceleration shall be borne by the Contractor
alone.
21.04 EXTENSION OF TIME:
A. The Contractor shall be entitled to an equitable adjustment of
Completion Time where the Contractor is obstructed or delayed in the
prosecution or completion of the Work by -
[a] the act, neglect, delay or fault of the Owner, or any other
contractor employed by the Owner on the Work;

31
 [b] third-party strikes or lockouts or strikes by employees other than
the Contractor's employees or a lockout by an employer other than
the Contractor;
[c] an act of God or force majeure;
[d] unsuitable weather conditions which render the work
impracticable or impossible or which slow down the prosecution of
the Work;
[e] peace and order conditions;
[f] changes ordered or authorized by the Owner or authorized under
the Contract; and

[g] delay authorized by the Owner pending arbitration of an

unresolved dispute between the Owner and the Contractor.
[h] The Contractor shall be entitled to substantiated prolongation
costs only in respect of [a], [f] and [g], and of [d] when Changes or
Variations by the Owner caused the works to be executed in a
period of inclement weather conditions which is different from that
envisaged at the bidding stage.
B. For delay caused by paragraphs A [b], [c], [d], [e] and [f] of this Article
21.04, the Contractor shall within fifteen (15) days from the occurrence
of the event which caused the delay, notify the Owner and the Owner
shall, not later than fifteen (15) days from receipt of such notice, give
the Contractor an equitable adjustment of the Completion Time. The
failure of the Owner to reply to the Contractor or to give an equitable
adjustment of the Completion Time shall be deemed an approval by the
Owner of the adjustment requested by the Contractor.
C. [a] For delay caused by paragraphs A [a] and [g], and in default of an
agreement between the Owner and the Contractor, the Contractor
shall be entitled to an adjustment of Completion Time equal to the
delay caused by such factor/s. However, the Contractor shall not be
entitled to extension of Completion Time due to the alleged failure
of the Owner to furnish materials or information or provide
drawings, unless in the construction schedule approved by the
Owner, they are necessary to prosecute the Work in the order
required, and the failure of the Owner to provide them caused a
delay in the work of the Contractor.

32
 [b] The Owner, taking into account the construction schedule approved
by him and the progress of the work of the Contractor, is conclusively
presumed to know when materials, equipment or supplies or
drawings to be provided by the Owner shall be required by the
Contractor, and the failure of the Contractor to give prior or timely
notice to the Owner of the date when such material, equipment or
supplies or drawings shall be required shall not be a ground for
denying the Contractor an adjustment of Completion Time.
[c] The failure of the Owner to reply to the Contractor's request for
adjustment of Completion Time within fifteen (15) days from the
date of receipt of the request shall be deemed an approval by the
Owner of the adjustment requested by the Contractor. Such request
shall be deemed a formality which does not affect the right of the
Contractor to an equitable adjustment of Completion Time as
provided in this paragraph C.
D. Delay in the payment of any progress billing as required in Article 22.05
shall automatically extend the Completion Time by a period equal to the
delay. The Contractor shall not be required to give notice to the Owner
nor be required to establish that such delay actually delayed the
prosecution of the Work or delayed the Contractor to a period equal to
the delay in the payment of the billing.
21.05 DELAY IN COMPLETION OF THE WORK:
[a] It is understood that time is an essential feature of the Contract.
[b] Upon failure of the Contractor to complete the Work within the
Completion Time, the Contractor shall pay the Owner liquidated
damages in the amount stipulated in the Contract as indemnity. The
Owner may deduct from any sum due the Contractor the amount which
has accrued as liquidated damages. Liquidated damages shall accrue
from the first day of delay in completing the work within the Completion
Time until the date of substantial completion as determined under
Article 20.11.
[c] The amount of damages for corrective works uncompleted within the
Period of Making Good of Known Defects shall be based on the value of
such uncompleted corrective work in the Breakdown of Work and
Corresponding Value for approved billings.
[d] Upon failure of the Owner to pay the Contractor for approved billings,
the Contractor shall have the right to suspend performance of the Work

33
 under the conditions provided in Article 27 (b), (c) and (d) and be
entitled to the payment of interest under Article 22.05.

ART. 22: PAYMENTS

22.01 BREAKDOWN OF CONTRACT AMOUNT: Except in cases where unit prices
form the basis for payment under the Contract, the Contractor shall, within
fifteen (15) days from the receipt of Notice to Proceed, or from
commencement of the Work submit a Breakdown of Work and
Corresponding Value of the Contract Amount showing the value assigned
to each part of the work. The Breakdown of Work and Corresponding Value
as approved by the Owner, shall be used as the basis for all Requests for
Payment, and for determining the value of uncompleted work or corrective
works.
22.02 REQUESTS FOR PAYMENT: The Contractor may submit periodically but not
more than once each month a Request for Payment for work done. The
Contractor shall furnish the Owner all reasonable facilities required for
obtaining the necessary information relative to the progress and execution
of the Work. Each Request for Payment shall be computed from the work
completed on all items listed in the Breakdown of Work and Corresponding
Value, less a retention of 10% of the progress payment to the Contractor.
When 50% of the Contract has been accomplished, no further retention
shall be made on progress billings for the balance of the Work.
In general, and unless the Contract provides otherwise, no payment shall
be made for materials or items not incorporated in the work, except where
such immediate acquisition is made necessary due to shortages or import
or transportation difficulties, in which case, payment shall be made
conditioned upon the submission by the Contractor of bills of sale or upon
compliance with such other procedures as will establish the Owner's title to
such material or item or otherwise adequately protect the Owner's interest.
22.03 AUTHORIZED DEDUCTIONS FROM VALUE OF COMPLETED WORK. The
Owner may deduct from any payment due the Contractor for -
a. The estimated cost of defective work not remedied;
b. The amount of substantiated and unpaid claims by subcontractors
employed in and suppliers of materials and labor for the Work
unjustifiably withheld by the Contractor; and
c. The amount which has accrued as liquidated damages.
22.04 CONDITIONS RELATIVE TO PAYMENTS: The Owner shall estimate the
value of work accomplished by the Contractor using as basis the schedule

34
 stipulated in the Breakdown of Work and Corresponding Value. Such
estimate of the Owner of the amount of work performed shall be taken as
the basis for the compensation to be received by the Contractor. While
such preliminary estimates of amount and quantity shall not be required to
be made by strict measurement or with exactness, they must be made as
close as possible to the actual percentage of work accomplishment.
22.05 OWNER'S ACTION ON REQUESTS FOR PAYMENT: Within thirty (30) days
after a receipt of request for payment from the Contractor, the Owner shall
pay the amount as certified. The 30-day period shall be inclusive of the
period required in evaluating and certifying the Contractor’s
accomplishment.
In case the Owner fails to pay on time the amount due, the Owner shall pay,
in addition to the amount due, interest thereon computed from the due
date in accordance with the 30-day regular loan rate of the Land Bank of
the Philippines prevailing on due date.
22.06 PAYMENT OF UNPAID LABOR, SUB-CONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS: The
Contractor shall pay punctually all workmen employed by him on the
project at not less than such rates as are provided by existing laws. He shall
also pay promptly all materials purchased by him, equipment used by him
on the project and all taxes due from him. He shall remit as required by law
all amounts legally required to be withheld from the salaries or wages of his
employees or workmen.
22.07 PAYMENTS OVER 90 PERCENT: No payment shall be made in excess of
ninety percent (90%) of the Contract Price, unless a statement sworn to
before any officer duly authorized to administer oaths is submitted by the
Contractor to the effect that all bills for labor, other than current wages,
and all bills for materials have been duly paid by the Contractor and his Sub-
contractor, if any, excepting only such bills as may be enumerated in such
sworn statement. The Contractor shall render the Owner free and harmless
from any claims and payment of such bills, and shall indemnify the Owner
the cost of defending himself against such claims.
22.08 OTHER REQUIREMENTS BEFORE FINAL PAYMENT: The Contractor shall
submit (aside from those which may be provided in the Contract) the
following, as applicable, before final payment is made:
a. Certificate of Final Building Occupancy unless such certificate cannot
be obtained through no fault of the Contractor.
b. Certificate of Final Inspection of electrical, telephone, sanitary,
mechanical, water, gas, safety and other utilities unless such
certificate cannot be obtained through no fault of the Contractor.

35
 c. Original and three (3) sets of prints of "As-Built Drawings" of Electrical,
Sanitary, Gas, Telephone and Mechanical works, if such works are
within the scope of the Contract. "As-Built Drawings" are the working
drawings showing the system and actual locations of outlets, fixtures,
services and equipment that were installed.
d. Three (3) copies of Directory of Panel Boards and list of circuits.
e. Three (3) copies of Instructions and Manual for operating and
maintaining of fixtures and equipment.
f. Three (3) copies of Keying Schedule.
g. A release of liens arising under the Contract as provided in Article
34.01, and the sworn statements required in Article 22.09 (A) and
Article 22.07.
22.09 ACCEPTANCE AND FINAL PAYMENT: Whenever the Contractor notifies
the Owner that the Work under the Contract has been completely
performed by the Contractor, the Owner shall proceed to verify the work,
shall make the final estimates, certify to the completion of the work, and
accept the same.
A. The Owner shall then, except for causes herein specified, pay to the
Contractor within the period stated in Article 22.05 above, the amount,
which shall be found due, excepting therefrom such sum or sums as may
be lawfully retained under any of the provisions of the Contract;
provided that final payment on the Contract shall not be made until the
Contractor has submitted a statement sworn to before an officer duly
authorized to administer oath, showing that all taxes due from him in
connection with this Contract have been duly paid.
B. In case the Owner has reasonable grounds of belief that the Contractor
has not remitted to the appropriate government agency the employer's
and employee's contributions to the Social Security System or to
Medicare, or the withholding tax on the employees' wages, the Owner
may require evidence of remittance of such contributions or
withholding tax in addition to the sworn statement mentioned above,
and withholding release of the amount sufficient to cover such
payments until the evidence required by the Owner is provided by the
Contractor.
C. The acceptance by the Contractor of final payment shall constitute a
waiver of all his claims against the Owner, except the following: (a) a
claim covered by a prior notice to the Owner reserved by the Contractor
to be filed in accordance with the Contract (b) a claim pending before

36
 and unresolved by the Owner at the time the request for final payment
is made; (c) a dispute referred to arbitration in accordance with Article
34.05; and (d) a claim which the Owner acknowledges with the payment
not to be covered by it.
22.10 CORRECTIONS OF WORK BEFORE OR AFTER FINAL PAYMENT:
A. Acceptance by the Owner of the Work of the Contractor shall relieve the
Contractor of liability for any defect in the Work unless:
[a] The defect is hidden and the Owner could not have discovered the
defect even with the exercise of reasonable diligence.
[b] The Owner accepted the Work with express reservations
seasonably made as to the specific portion of the Work which was
found defective and which requires replacement or correction. A
reservation which fails to specify the portion which is alleged to be
defective and state in as much detail as possible the nature and
extent of the defect shall be considered a general reservation and
shall be ineffective.
B. Paragraph A shall apply notwithstanding the issuance of the final
certificate of completion or of full payment.
C. Poor or inferior work or work which does not comply with the Drawings
and Specifications which is apparent upon inspection by the Owner or
by the technical representatives and inspectors employed by the Owner
shall forthwith be condemned and the Contractor notified thereof to
give the Contractor an opportunity without loss of time and without
incurring unnecessary cost, to correct, remove and replace the defective
work. Work not so condemned within one year from final payment
cannot later be rejected by the Owner. If the Owner instructs the
Contractor to remove or replace it thereafter, the instruction shall be
treated as a change order.
D. The Contractor shall be liable to the Owner for any hidden defect
discovered and notified to the Contractor which the Contractor receives
from the Owner within the warranty period as provided in the Contract,
or in default of any provision fixing the warranty period, within one year
from the posting of the Guarantee Bond.
E. Nothing herein shall be deemed to limit the liability of the Contractor to
third persons due to any loss or damage resulting from the collapse of
the Work due to defects in the construction or the use of materials of
inferior quality or due to any violation of the terms of the Contract in
accordance with Article 1723 of the Civil Code of the Philippines.

37
22.11 RELEASE OF RETENTION: Subject to Article 33.01 herein, the amount
retained by the Owner under the provision of the Contract shall be released
not later than the expiration of the Period of Making Good of Known
Defects as provided in Article 20.12 upon the posting of the Contractor's
Guarantee Bond.

38
ART. 23: SEPARATE CONTRACTS WITH OTHER CONTRACTORS
23.01 The Owner may perform work outside of the Contractor's scope of work or
award separate contracts to other contractors. If the Contractor claims that
delay, damage or additional cost is involved as a result, the Contractor shall
make such claim as provided in the Contract. The Owner shall provide for
the coordination of the work performed by the Owner and/or each
separate contractor with the Work of the Contractor.

ART. 24: CONTRACTOR-SEPARATE CONTRACTORS RELATIONS

24.01 STORAGE OF MATERIALS AND WORK COORDINATION: The Contractor
shall, to the extent possible, afford other contractors reasonable
opportunity for the introduction and storage of their materials and the
execution of their work, and shall properly connect and cooperate in the
Owner's effort to coordinate his work with that of other contractors so as
to minimize interference or obstruction in the progress of the work
performed by each of them.
24.02 CUTTING, PATCHING AND DIGGING: The Contractor shall do all cutting,
fitting or patching of his work that may be required to make its several parts
come together properly and fit it to receive or be received by work of other
contractors shown upon, or reasonably implied by, the Drawings and
Specifications for the completed structure.
Any cost caused by defective or ill-timed work shall be borne by the party
responsible therefor.
The Contractor shall not endanger any work by cutting, digging or otherwise
and shall not cut or alter the work of any other contractor save with the
consent of the Owner.
24.03 DEFECTIVE WORK BY SEPARATE CONTRACTORS: If any part of the
Contractor's work depends for proper execution or results upon the work
of any other contractor, the Contractor shall inspect and promptly report it
to the Owner. His failure to inspect and report it shall constitute an
acceptance of the other contractor's work as fit and proper for the
reception of his work, except as to defects which may develop in the other
contractor's work after the execution of the Contractor's work.
To insure the proper execution of his subsequent work the Contractor shall
verify work already in place and shall at once report to the Owner any
discrepancy noticed between the executed work and the drawings.

39
 24.04 DAMAGE CAUSED BY CONTRACTOR TO SEPARATE CONTRACTORS: Should
the Contractor cause damage to the work of any separate contractor, the
Contractor agrees to relieve the Owner of any liability which may arise
therefrom.
24.05 DAMAGE CAUSED BY SEPARATE CONTRACTORS TO CONTRACTOR:
Should any separate contractor cause damage to the Contractor’s work,
then the Owner shall hold harmless the Contractor in respect thereof.

ART. 25: SUB-CONTRACTS

25.01 GENERAL: It is understood and agreed that no portion of the Work shall
be sublet or sub-contracted without the Owner's consent. However, any
part thereof or any specialty work therein, may be sublet or sub-contracted,
subject to the provisions of Articles 25.02 and 34.03.
The consent of the Owner to the Contractor's engagement of a
subcontractor, by itself, shall not create any contractual relation between
the sub-contractor and the Owner.
25.02 CONTRACTOR'S RESPONSIBILITY: The Contractor agrees that he is as fully
responsible to the Owner for the acts and omissions of his sub-contractors
and the persons either directly or indirectly employed by them, as he is for
the acts and omissions of persons directly employed by him.

40
ART. 26: CONTRACTOR'S RIGHT TO SUSPEND WORK OR TERMINATE CONTRACT:
The Contractor may suspend work or terminate the Contract upon fifteen
(15) days' written notice to the Owner for any of the following reasons:
a. If an order of any court or other public authority caused the work to
be stopped or suspended for an aggregate period of ninety (90) days
through no act or fault of the Contractor or his employees.
b. If the Owner shall fail to pay the Contractor the approved Request for
Payment as provided in Article 22.05.
c. If the Owner shall fail to pay the Contractor any sum within thirty (30)
days after its award by arbitration.
d. If the Owner suspends the work without just cause for more than the
aggregate period of fifteen (15) days without the Contractor's consent.
e. If the Owner fails to deliver at the construction site Owner-
supplied/furnished construction materials and/or equipment, for the
scope of work along the critical path, beyond fifteen (15) days after its
scheduled date for delivery as provided for in the Contract.
f. If approval of Variation Orders for additional works along the critical
path is delayed beyond fifteen (15) days after submission for approval
by the Owner or by his duly designated Representative.
If the suspension is necessary for the proper execution of the Work or by
reason of weather or other conditions affecting the safety of the works
and/or the Contractor’s workers, the Contractor may request the Owner to
suspend work in accordance with the applicable provision or provisions of
Art. 27.02.
The Contractor shall be entitled to an equitable adjustment of Completion
Time and/or Contract Price for suspension of work due to the above
circumstances.

ART. 27: OWNER'S RIGHT TO SUSPEND THE WORK

27.01 SUSPENSION WITHOUT CAUSE: The Owner may, at any time and without
cause, suspend the work or any portion thereof for a period of not more
than the aggregate period of fifteen (15) days by notice in writing to the
Contractor and shall fix the date on which work shall be resumed. The
Contractor shall resume the work on the date so fixed. The Contractor will

41
 be allowed an adjustment in the Contract Price to include demobilization
and remobilization costs and/or stand-by time as applicable as well as
adjustment of Completion Time which shall not be less than the period of
suspension and shall include the delay due to remobilization of equipment
and personnel. The Owner may not suspend the work without just cause
for more than an aggregate period of fifteen (15) days without the
Contractor's consent.
27.02 JUST CAUSES FOR SUSPENSION OF WORK: The Owner, by a written order,
may direct the Contractor to stop the work or any portion thereof, in any of
the following cases until the cause for such order has been eliminated:
[a] Unsuitable weather or other conditions considered unfavorable for
the prosecution of the work;
[b] Failure of the Contractor to correct conditions which constitute a
danger to his workers or the general public, or to correct defective
work;
[c] Failure of the Contractor to carry out valid orders issued by the Owner
or to comply with any provision of the Contract, or his persistent
failure to carry out the Works in accordance with the Contract;
[d] The necessity for adjusting the Drawings to suit site conditions found
during construction, or in case of a change in Drawings and
Specifications;
[e] Failure of the Contractor to supply sufficient skilled workmen or
suitable materials or equipment;
[f] Failure of the Owner to supply Owner-supplied/furnished materials on
time, where such failure is due to causes beyond the reasonable
control of the Owner;
[g] Delay by the Owner in obtaining a right-of-way, where such obligation
is assumed by the Owner under the Contract, and the delay is not due
to the fault or negligence by the Owner;
[h] Force majeure or fortuitous event;
[i] Peace and order problems; or
[j] Any condition similar to the above beyond the control of the Owner.

The Contractor shall immediately comply with such order to suspend the
work or any part thereof for such period or periods and in such manner as
the Owner may direct, and during such suspension shall properly protect
and secure the Work.

42
 The Contractor shall be entitled to an equitable adjustment of Completion
Time and Contract Price for suspension of work due to Items [a], [d], [f], [g],
[h], [i] & [j]. However, for Item [a], no such adjustment shall be allowed if
unsuitable weather conditions were taken into account in determining the
Completion Time as provided for in the Bid Documents. If the actual number
of days of unsuitable weather exceeds the period taken into account in the
Bid Documents, the Contractor shall be entitled to an adjustment of
Completion Time and Contract Price.

ART. 28: OWNER'S RIGHT TO TERMINATE CONTRACT

28.01 TERMINATION WITH CAUSE. The Owner may immediately terminate the
Contract, without prior notice to the Contractor, upon the occurrence of
any of the following events:
a) If Contractor is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent;
b) If Contractor makes a general assignment of his assets for the benefit
of his creditors;
c) If a trustee or receiver is appointed for the Contractor or for any of the
Contractor's property; or
d) If the Contractor files a petition for suspension of payments, or to
reorganize under the bankruptcy or similar laws.
28.02 OTHER GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION WITH CAUSE. The Owner may
terminate the Contract upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
a) The Contractor repeatedly fails to supply, based on the construction
schedule, the sufficient number of skilled workmen or suitable
materials or equipment;
b) The Contractor repeatedly fails to make without just cause prompt
payments to subcontractors for labor, materials or equipment, and
completion of the Work is being delayed;
c) The Contractor disregards the Laws or orders of any public body having
jurisdiction;
d) The Contractor otherwise violates in any substantial way any provision
of the Contract; or
e) Slippage of the Contractor in excess of 25% in the prosecution of work
per agreed construction schedule and/or PERT/CPM plus any time
adjustment duly granted to the Contractor.
The Owner may, after giving Contractor and his surety 15 days' written
notice, terminate the services of the Contractor, exclude the Contractor

43
 from the site and take possession of the Work and of all the Contractor's
tools, appliances, construction equipment and machinery at the site and
use the same and incorporate into the work all materials and equipment
stored at the site including those stored elsewhere for which the Owner has
paid the Contractor, and finish the work as Owner may deem expedient. In
such case the Contractor shall not be entitled to receive any further
payment until the work is finished.
28.03 TERMINATION WITHOUT CAUSE. Upon 15 days' written notice to the
Contractor, the Owner may, without prejudice to any other right or remedy,
elect to abandon the work and terminate the Contract. In such case, the
Contractor shall be paid for all work executed and any expense sustained
plus reasonable termination costs.

ART. 29: OWNER'S RIGHT TO PROCEED WITH THE WORK AFTER REDUCTION IN
CONTRACTOR'S SCOPE OF WORK; PARTIAL TAKEOVER FROM
CONTRACTOR
29.01 OWNER'S RIGHT TO CARRY OUT THE WORK: If the Contractor:
a) Repeatedly fails to supply sufficient skilled workmen or suitable
materials or equipment;
b) Repeatedly fails to make prompt payments to subcontractors for
labor, materials or equipment;
c) Fails within a mutually agreed time after written notice of the Owner
to carry out remedial or repair work;
d) Fails despite repeated remedial work to rectify the defects or the
result of remedial work does not conform to the specifications;
e) Fails to perform the Work in accordance with the Contract.
the Owner may, after seven (7) days following receipt by the Contractor of
written notice and without prejudice to any other remedy the Owner may
have and without terminating the Contract, make good such deficiencies.
In such case an appropriate change order shall be issued deducting from
the payments then or thereafter due the Contractor the cost of correcting
such deficiencies, including compensation of additional services made
necessary by such default, neglect or failure. If the payments then or
thereafter due the Contractor are not sufficient to cover such amount, the
Contractor shall pay the difference to the Owner.
29.02 USE OF MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT AT SITE: The Contractor, upon
receiving notice of termination of the Contract, shall vacate the site and
deliver possession of the Work, or the parts thereof specified in the notice,

44
 to the Owner. All materials, plant, appliances and other essential
equipment as may be needed for the construction of the project, shall, at
the option of the Owner, remain on the site until the Work is completed
and credit the Contractor a reasonable rental for the use the same.
In case such materials and/or equipment do not belong to the Contractor,
then the Owner, provided it does not violate the lease contract of the
Contractor, shall have the option to retain them for use in the project and
pay reasonable rent directly to the lessor for their use, chargeable against
the Contractor.
29.03 OWNER TO COMPLETE WORK: The Owner shall then take over the work,
and use such tools, appliances and materials of every description as may be
found at the site for the purpose of completing the Work.
29.04 EVALUATION OF COST OF WORK: Upon such termination of this Contract,
the Owner will ascertain and fix the value of the work completed by the
Contractor and not paid for by the Owner and of all usable materials of the
Contractor taken over by the Owner at the time of said termination.
a. If the cost to the Owner of completing the work, inclusive of reasonable
administrative and managerial services and the charges against the
project prior to termination of the Contract are not in excess of the
Contract Price, then the difference between them may be applied to
settle claims filed against the Contractor, and the balance, if any, may
be paid to the Contractor. No amount in excess of the combined value
of the unpaid completed work, retained percentage and usable
materials taken over by the Owner at the time of the termination of the
Contract shall be paid to the Contractor until the completion of the
work.
b. In case of suspension of work, all unpaid work executed including costs
incurred during suspension shall be charged to the Owner.
29.05 OWNER'S RIGHT TO RECOVER DAMAGES: Neither the taking over by the
Owner of the work for completion by administration nor the re-letting of
the same to another Contractor shall be construed as a waiver of the
Owner's rights to recover damages against the original Contractor and/or
his sureties for the failure to complete the work as stipulated.
In such case, the full extent of the damages for which the Contractor and/or
his sureties shall be liable shall include:
a. Liquidated damages which may have accrued up to and including the
day immediately before the date the Owner effectively takes over the
work or the date of substantial completion whichever occurs earlier;

45
 b. The excess cost incurred by the Owner in the completion of the project
over the Contract Price inclusive of re-letting the same; If the Owner
completes the work by administration, the direct cost of completing the
work shall include the reasonable cost of managerial and administrative
services incurred from the time the Owner effectively took over the
work by administration.
29. 06 LIQUIDATED DAMAGES
1. Where the Contractor refuses or fails to satisfactorily complete the
Work within the specified Contract time, including any time adjustment
duly granted, the Contractor shall pay the Owner liquidated damages in
the amount stipulated in the Contract. Liquidated damages shall accrue
from the first day of delay in completing the Work until the date of
substantial completion as determined under Article 20.11.
2. To be entitled to such liquidated damages, the Owner does not have to
prove that it has incurred actual damages. Such amount shall be
deducted from any money due or which may become due the
Contractor under the Contract. The Owner may collect such liquidated
damages from the retention money or other securities posted by the
Contractor, whichever is convenient to the Owner.
3. In no case, however, shall the total sum of liquidated damages exceed
ten percent (10%) of the total contract price.
4. If, before the completion of the whole of the Work, any part or section
of the Work has been certified by the Owner’s Engineer or
Representative as completed and occupied or used by the Owner, the
liquidated damages for delay shall be reduced in the proportion which
the value of the part or section so certified bears to the value of the
whole of the Work, unless a contrary provision is stipulated in the
Contract.

46
ART. 30: CONTRACTOR'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR ACCIDENTS AND DAMAGES
30.01 SAFEGUARDS TO BE UNDERTAKEN BY CONTRACTOR: The Contractor shall
take all necessary precautions for the safety of employees and workmen on
the work, and comply with all Laws to prevent injury to persons on, about
or adjacent to the premises where the Work is being performed. The
Contractor shall erect and properly maintain at all times, as required by the
conditions and progress of the work, such barriers, shoring, supports,
braces, lights, danger signs and necessary safeguards, as will protect
workmen and the public and as will effectively prevent any injury to persons
and damage to property in consequence of his work.
The Contractor shall designate a responsible member of his organization at
the site, whose duty shall be the prevention of accidents and damage to the
Work, the Owner's property and adjoining property. The name and position
of the person so designated shall be reported by the Contractor in writing
to the Owner.
The Contractor shall be primarily responsible for all safety measures in
prosecuting the Work in accordance with the safety manual approved by
the Construction Industry Authority of the Philippines (CIAP).
30.02 OWNER NOT TO BE RESPONSIBLE: The Contractor shall render the Owner
free and harmless for the death of, the disease contracted or injury received
by the Contractor or any of his employees or laborers, for any damage done
by or to Contractor's plant or materials from any source or cause; and for
damages caused by the Contractor or his employees to any property of the
Owner and adjoining property.
a. The Contractor shall indemnify and save harmless the Owner from and
against all losses and all claims, demands, payments, suits, actions,
recoveries, and judgement of every nature and description brought or
recovered against him, for any act or omission of said Contractor, or of
his agents or employees, in the execution of the Work or the guarding
of it.
b. Claims for payment and repairs for damages for which the Contractor is
liable shall be settled by the Contractor at his own expense. In the event
of failure of the Contractor to repair such damages, and pay other
claims, the Owner may repair the same and pay the claims, and deduct
the entire cost of such repairs and claims from the payments due the
Contractor.

47
 30.03 CONTRACTOR'S DEFAULT. The Owner shall have the right to undertake
reasonable safety and protection measures in case of Contractor's default,
and charge the cost of such measures to the Contractor.

ART. 31: CONTRACTOR'S INSURANCE AND BONDS

31.01 CONTRACTOR'S LIABILITY INSURANCE: The Contractor shall secure and
maintain insurance coverage from an insurance company acceptable to the
Owner as will protect himself, his sub-contractors, and the Owner from
claims for bodily injury, death or property damage which may arise from
work under the Contract. The Contractor shall not commence work under
the Contract until he has obtained the insurance coverage required and
shall have filed the insurance policy or the certified copy of the insurance
policy with the Owner. Such insurance policy shall contain a clause
providing that it shall not be cancelled by the insurance company without
written notice to and approval of the Owner. The nature, extent and
amount of such insurance coverage shall be as agreed upon between the
Owner and the Contractor. The Contractor shall ensure that such insurance
policy is effective during the execution of the Work.
31.02 ACCIDENT INSURANCE FOR WORKERS: The Contractor shall, in addition to
compulsory coverage of workers under the workmen's compensation law,
obtain insurance coverage for accidental death or injury of his officers,
employees and laborers without regard to their tenure of employment as
permanent or regular workers, project workers or casual employees
performing work at the project site in an amount of not less than
P100,000.00 per officer, employee or laborer. The premiums to be paid on
the insurance policy shall be paid by the Contractor and without cost to
those covered by the policy.
31.03 CONTRACTOR'S FIRE INSURANCE: In addition to such Fire Insurance as the
Contractor elects to carry for his work, he shall secure and maintain the
policies upon such structures and materials and in such amounts as shall be
designated in the joint names of the Contractor and the Owner as their
respective interest may appear. These policies shall be secured from a
company which is satisfactory to the Owner and delivered to the Owner. A
Contractor's All Risk Policy or any insurance for third party liability of the
Contractor shall not include the Owner as co-insured but as a third party.
31.04 CONTRACTOR'S PERFORMANCE AND PAYMENT BONDS: The Contractor,
prior to signing the Contract, shall furnish a Performance Bond equal to 15%
of the Contract amount for the faithful performance of his work and 15%
bond covering Contractor's obligations arising from the Contract to its
workers, subcontractors and suppliers. Such bonds shall be in the form of

48
 surety bond as approved by the Owner, and shall remain in effect until
replaced by the Contractor's guarantee bond.
31.05 CONTRACTOR’S GUARANTEE BOND: The Performance and Payment
Bonds will be released by the Owner upon posting by the Contractor of a
Guarantee Bond equivalent to the amount of the retention released to the
Contractor. The Guarantee Bond shall be for a period of one (1) year
commencing from the date of posting as a guarantee that all materials and
workmanship installed under the Contract are of acceptable quality.
31.06 CONTRACTOR'S GUARANTEE-WARRANTY:
a. The Contractor shall, in case of work performed by his sub-contractors
and where guarantees are required, secure guarantees from said sub-
contractors and deliver copies of same to the Owner upon completion
of work. The term "guarantee" shall include "warranty".
b. The Contractor shall and thereby guarantees all work performed by him
directly and for which guarantees are required.
c. The Contractor shall guarantee for a period of one year, or for a longer
period where so provided in the Specifications, all materials and
workmanship installed under the Contract to be of acceptable quality in
every respect and to remain so during the guarantee period.
d. Should any defect develop in aforesaid work, within the guarantee
period due to fault in material and/or workmanship, the Contractor shall
make all repairs and do all necessary work to correct defective work to
the Owner's satisfaction. Such repairs and corrective works shall be
done by the Contractor at his exclusive expense and shall be
commenced within five (5) days after receipt of written notice by the
Owner.
e. In case the Contractor fails to commence or do the work so ordered, the
Owner may have the work done by another contractor and charge the
cost thereof against monies retained as provided for in the Contract
and/or against his sureties.
f. The foregoing remedies shall be without prejudice to the rights of the
Owner under the New Civil Code and other laws now or hereafter that
may be applicable.
31.07 MANDATORY CONDITIONS OF BONDS
The bonds required of the Contractor shall be subject to the following
mandatory conditions which shall form part of said bonds.
A surety or bondsman issuing any bond called for in the Contract is deemed
conclusively to have accepted the following mandatory conditions, and any

49
provision in the bond thereby issued or in any document made prior to,
concurrent with, or after the issuance of the bond which tends to nullify,
modify, or limit by time or otherwise, any right of the Owner shall be void
and shall not prevail over these mandatory conditions:
a. The surety or bondsman agrees in advance to future novation/s of the
bond either by adjusting the scope of the work of the Contractor caused
by directed or constructive changes, the Completion Time or the
Contract Price. Where the Contract provides that the Contractor shall
obtain the approval of the surety or bondsman to any such adjustment,
the required approval shall be deemed to be a mere formality, the
absence of which shall not affect the obligation and liability of the surety
or bondsman under the bond.
b. The bond issued by surety or bondsman under the Contract shall
continue to have force and effect beyond the effectivity period stated in
the bond if the work or the obligation for which it was issued has not
been completely performed. This is without prejudice to the right of the
surety or bondsman to demand from the Contractor the payment of the
premium on the bond or to the right of the Owner to pay such unpaid
premium for the Contractor. The additional premium on the bond for an
extension of the Contract time due to reasons other than the fault or
negligence of the Contractor shall be billed at cost to the Owner. The
bond may not be cancelled or otherwise terminated by the bondsman
or surety without the express written consent of both the Owner and
the Contractor. The right of the surety shall be limited to demand the
payment of unpaid premium.
c. The Owner shall have a right of recourse against the surety on the bond
until (a) it is cancelled by the Owner and returned to the Contractor or
(b) it is replaced by another bond unless the Owner reserves the right to
recover against the former bond due to default of the Contractor, or (c)
the Owner issues to the Contractor an unconditional Certificate of
Acceptance of the Work.
d. Until the Owner takes over the Work (not only a part thereof) or
otherwise terminates the Contract, the Contractor shall not be deemed
in default, notwithstanding the reduction of the Contractor's scope of
work and any assistance provided by the Owner to enable the
Contractor to catch up and complete the remaining work. The Owner's
assistance to the Contractor shall not prejudice nor limit the right of the
Owner to have a later recourse against the bond.

50
ART. 32: OWNER'S RESPONSIBILITIES AND LIABILITIES
32.01 ADVANCE PAYMENT: An advance payment in an amount to be mutually
agreed upon shall be paid by the Owner to the Contractor, provided that
the Contractor shall post a surety bond of equivalent amount callable on
demand and acceptable to the Owner to guarantee its repayment. The
Contractor shall use the advance payment for mobilization, purchase of
materials, and the like for the project. This shall be recouped pro rata in the
progress billings.
32.02 PROTECTION OF EMPLOYEES AND PROFESSIONALS PERFORMING
SERVICES FOR THE OWNER: The Owner shall be responsible for and shall
maintain such insurance as will protect him from liability for personal injury
including disease and death of persons under his employ or service whether
as temporary or permanent in status that are assigned to the project.
32.03 OWNER'S OPTIONAL INSURANCE: The Owner may maintain such
insurance as will protect him from his contingent liability for damages, for
personal injury, including death, which may arise from the work under the
Contract.
32.04 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND SERVICES REQUIRED OF THE OWNER:
The Owner shall, at the request of the Contractor, at the time of the
execution of the Contract, furnish to the Contractor reasonable evidence
that the Owner can fulfill its obligations under the Contract. Unless such
reasonable evidence is furnished, the Contractor may not be required to
execute the Contract or to commence or continue the Work.

ART. 33: LIENS, DISPUTES AND ARBITRATION

33.01 LIENS: As a condition to final payment and/or the release of the retention,
the Contractor shall release the Work from any legal liens attaching
therewith as a result of unpaid claims of subcontractors and/or suppliers
for the supply of materials and/or equipment to the Contractor for the
project in the form of a sworn statement by the Contractor or a duly
authorized officer of the Contractor stating that all such claims have been
fully paid; and furnishing the Owner, when required, with receipts or
acknowledgments of payment issued by the subcontractors and/or
suppliers. Should any of such claims remain unpaid as of the time of
executing the sworn statement, or if the Contractor is unable to furnish the
Owner with proof of full payment to any subcontractor or supplier, the
Contractor shall furnish the Owner with an indemnity bond equal to the
amount of the claims still unpaid. The indemnity bond may be issued by the
surety which previously issued the Contractor's performance bond or any
other bond required under the Contract or by any other surety acceptable

51
 to the Owner. The Owner may recover against the Contractor and/or the
surety, on the latter's indemnity bond, any amount paid by the Owner to
discharge such liens, including costs incurred incident thereto and a
reasonable amount of attorney's fees.
33.02 ASSIGNMENT
A. The Contract may not be assigned in whole or in part. Any purported
assignment made of the Contract or any part thereof without the
consent of either party shall be void and ineffective.
B. The Owner may nevertheless exact full compliance from both the
Contractor and his assignee without waiving the Owner's right at any
time thereafter to reduce the Contractor's scope of work by removing
from the Contractor the part of the work which was assigned and giving
it to any other contractor and/or terminating the Contract in either case,
without any further cause than the assignment.
C. Any contract, agreement or binding written commitment entered into
by the Contractor either before or after the execution of the Contract,
with any other person as cooperator, consortium member, joint venture
member, or supplier of equipment, technology, materials or services for
the joint execution of the Work, shall be provided to the Owner at the
latter's request. If the Owner finds that the contract, agreement or
binding written commitment is a disguised assignment of the Contract,
the Owner shall so notify the Contractor and shall have the rights under
paragraph [B] above.
33.03 SUBCONTRACTING
A. The Contractor may subcontract any part of the Contract with the
approval of the Owner.
B. The Owner may require the Contractor as a condition for the approval
of the subcontract (1) that the subcontract shall be submitted to the
Owner and the subcontract must require the subcontractor to obtain
the same bonds and insurance coverage as are required of the
Contractor under the Contract, and (2) that the Contractor furnish the
Owner copies of these insurance policies and bonds.
33.04 DISPUTES:
A. All matters which under the Contract shall be accepted, approved or
decided by the Owner may be entrusted by the Owner to his authorized
representative for determination within a period of fifteen (15) days.
The latter shall in all such matters act as agent of the Owner whose
determination binds the Owner.

52
 B. If the Contractor disagrees with the determination by the Owner or by
his representative, such disagreement shall be brought before an
adjudicator, who shall be jointly engaged by the Owner and the
Contractor, not later than fifteen (15) days before the commencement
of the Work to resolve conflicts arising from the foregoing
determination by the Owner or by his representative. If either of the
party disagrees with the resolution of the adjudicator, such shall be
deemed as a dispute which may be submitted to arbitration.

33.05 SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

A. DISPUTE OR DISAGREEMENT SUBMITTED TO ARBITRATION
Any dispute arising out of or in connection with the Contract including
any question regarding its existence, validity or termination not resolved
as provided above shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration
under the Rules of Procedure Governing Construction Arbitration
promulgated pursuant to Executive Order No. 1008 (Construction
Industry Arbitration Law) by panel of three (3) arbitrators appointed in
accordance with such Rules. The place of arbitration shall be in Metro
Manila, Philippines. Resort to arbitration shall be made by filing a claim
with the Construction Industry Arbitration Commission.
B. SUBSTITUTED SERVICE
A party to the Contract shall, by entering into the same, be deemed to
be submitting himself to the jurisdiction of the Construction Industry
Arbitration Commission with regard to any dispute arising out or in
connection with the Contract as provided in Article 33.05, paragraph [A]
above.
Such party shall be served with the claim referred to in Article 34.05,
paragraph [A] and other notices and processes incident thereto upon
such claim being served upon or filed with his co-venturer, partner or
authorized representative, notwithstanding any statement to the
contrary in the Agreement, Contract Documents, or any other
communication to the other party or after entering into the Contract,
unless he has filed with the Construction Industry Arbitration
Commission an irrevocable special power of attorney authorizing
another person or entity to receive by personal service at a definite
address in Metro Manila, Philippines, such claim, notice and processes.
In case a party, his co-venturer, or authorized representative declines
service of such claim, notice or process or cannot be found at his given
address such service shall be made upon the said party by filing the same
with the Construction Industry Authority of the Philippines (CIAP) at its

53
office address, and filing the claim, notice or process shall complete the
service upon the party concerned.

54
ART. 34: The Owner's Representative shall either be the Architect, the Engineer,
Construction Manager or other person designated by the Owner as the
Owner's Representative.
The Owner's Representative shall have the full authority to act for and on
behalf of the Owner in all matters which under the Contract the Owner shall
give his consent, approval or decision.
The Owner shall give the Contractor at the time of the Notice to Proceed or
any time thereafter the notice of appointment of the Owner's
Representative. Unless the Contractor is notified in writing by the Owner of
the limits of authority of the Owner's Representative, it shall be understood
that the authority of the latter to act for and on behalf of the Owner is full
and unqualified.
In the absence of a written communication by the Owner to the Contractor
notifying the latter of the designation of a particular person as Owner's
Representative, the Architect shall perform the functions and have the
authority of the Owner's Representative if the project or work involves the
construction of a building; but if the project or work involves the
construction of an engineering structure, other than a building, or the
construction of a building if such constitutes only a minor portion of the
project, the Engineer shall perform the functions and have the authority of
an Owner's Representative.
The Owner's Representative shall also perform the function of Construction
Manager unless the Owner designates another person as Construction
Manager. If the Owner shall designate a Construction Manager and define
his functions, those functions of a Construction Manager not delegated to
the latter shall be performed by the Owner's Representative.
Notwithstanding the designation by the Owner of an Architect, Engineer
and/or Construction Manager, communications between the Contractor
and the Owner shall be made only through the Owner's Representative.

55
The Contractor shall perform his work subject to certain Time Limits. This indexed
section, as based on the entire General Conditions, is provided for in order to facilitate
the execution of his work.
Reference
No. & Title Time Limit
Article No.
1. CONTRACT TIME
1.1 Contract Time The Contractor shall commence the Work 21.02
Reckoning within seven (7) days from receipt of
Notice to Proceed (NTP) unless NTP
provides for a later date
1.2 Request for To be filed within fifteen (15) days from 21.04
Time occurrence of event which caused delay
(par. B)
2. CONTRACT SUM
2.1 Breakdown of To be submitted within fifteen days from 22.01
Work & receipt of the Notice to Proceed
Corresponding
Value
2.2 Claim for Notice to be given to Owner within fifteen 20.08
Extra Cost (15) days
(1) after receipt of instruction involving
extra cost, or
(2) after recognition of delay due to
Owner’s fault.
3. PROGRESS /
FINAL PAYMENT
3.1 Owner’s To be made within thirty (30) days after 22.05
Action on receipt of request for payment.
Payment
Request
3.2 Owner’s To act within thirty (30) days from receipt
Action on of the request for payment.

56
 Reference
No. & Title Time Limit
Article No.
Final Payment
Request

3.3 Delayed Delay in payment of the amount due shall 22.05

Payment entitle the Contractor to interest from due
date based on the thirty (30) day loan rate
of the Land Bank of the Philippines
3.4 Release of To be released not later than sixty (60) 22.11
Retention days from substantial completion upon
posting of Contractor’s Guarantee Bond.
4. SUBSTANTIAL Substantial Completion is attained if the 20.11
COMPLETION and Contractor completes ninety-five percent
its EFFECTS (95%) of the works; or the Owner approves
the Contractor’s billing for completing at
least 95% of the works unless the Owner
can establish that the unfinished portion
prevents the normal use of the completed
portion [par. A (a) & (b)].
The Owner may issue a Certificate of
Substantial Completion or equivalent
document but the date of document is not
controlling if substantial completion is
shown to have been attained earlier,
unless the Contractor accepts the
certificate without taking any exceptions
thereto in writing within fifteen (15) days
from receipt of the certificate [par. A (c)].
5. CORRECTION OF
WORK
5.1 Issuance of The Owner shall issue the punch list/s 20.11
Punch List which the Contractor must receive not
later than thirty (30) days from date of
substantial completion [par C (a)].
The Owner may add to the punch list items
but only as to corrective work in the
original punch list/s not later than sixty

57
 Reference
No. & Title Time Limit
Article No.
(60) days from substantial completion [par.
C (b)].
5.1 Correction Poor or inferior work, apparent upon 22.10
Before or inspection to be condemned & Contractor
After Final notified to enable him to correct, remove
Payment & replace the same. Owner has one year
from date of final payment to condemn
poor or inferior work, otherwise,
instructions to remove or replace such
shall be treated as change order.
5.2 Making Good Thirty (30) days from receipt by the 20.12
of Known Contractor of the last item in the punchlist & 20.13
Defects
6. CONTRACTOR’S Contractor may suspend work or 26.00
RIGHT TO terminate Contract upon 15 days written
SUSPEND WORK notice to Owner, for any of the following
OR TERMINATE reasons:
CONTRACT (1) If any court or other public authority
orders work to be stopped or
suspended for ninety (90) days
through no fault of the Contractor or
his employees;
(2) If Owner fails to pay Contractor the
approved request for payment within
thirty (30) days from receipt.
(3) If Owner fails to pay Contractor the
agreed sum within thirty (30) days
after its award by arbitrators.
(4) If the Owner suspends the work
without cause for more than fifteen
(15) days without Contractor’s
consent.
(5) If the Owner fails to deliver at the
construction site Owner-
supplied/furnished materials and/or
equipment, for work along the critical

58
 Reference
No. & Title Time Limit
Article No.
path beyond fifteen (15) days after its
scheduled delivery date.
(6) If approval of Variation Orders for
additional works along the critical path
is delayed beyond fifteen (15) days
after submission for approval by the
Owner.
7. OWNER’S RIGHT May be done immediately and without 28.01
TO TERMINATE notice if Contractor should:
CONTRACT (1) Declare bankruptcy, become insolvent
or assigns his assets for the benefit of
his creditors or appointment of
trustee/receiver for Contractor or any
of its property.
May be done after giving fifteen (15) days
written notice to Contractor or to his
Surety if Contractor should:
(1) Disregard or violate provisions of the 28.02
Contract Documents or Owner’s
instructions;
(2) Fail to provide skilled superintendent,
workmen or suitable materials or
equipment;
(3) Fail to make prompt payment to
subcontractors, for labor or materials
or equipment;
(4) Disregard the authority of the
Owner’s Representative;
(5) Violates in any substantial way any
provisions of the Contract
Documents;
(6) Repeatedly delays prosecution of
work per agreed Construction
Schedule and/or PERT/CPM plus any

59
 Reference
No. & Title Time Limit
Article No.
time extension duly granted the
Contractor.
8. DISPUTES The Owner or his representative shall act 33.04
within a period of fifteen (15) days on all &
matters under the Contract requiring the 33.05
Owner’s approval, acceptance or decision.
If the Contractor disagrees with the
determination by the Owner or his
representative, the same shall be
submitted to an adjudicator to be jointly
engaged by the parties within 15 days
before the commencement of the work. If
either party disagrees with the resolution
of the adjudicator, such shall be deemed a
dispute that may be submitted to
arbitration.
9. GUARANTEE
BOND
9.1 Contractor’s To be furnished the Owner upon release of 31.05
Guarantee retention and shall be effective for a period
Bond of one year commencing from the date of
acceptance as a guarantee that all
materials and workmanship installed are of
good quality.

60