CHAPTER # 1

SETS
TOPICS:
1) SETS
➢ Definition, Ways of describing, Set symbols, Interval notation
2) TYPES OF NUMBERS
➢ Natural, Whole, Integers, Rational, Irrational, Real, Imaginary, Complex
3) TYPES OF SETS
➢ Finite & Infinite, Equal, Equivalent, Empty, Singleton
➢ Subset, Proper & Improper Subset, Power, Superset, Universal
➢ Disjoint, Overlapping, Exhaustive, Cells
4) CARDINALITY/ORDER OF A SET
➢ Countable and Uncountable Sets
5) OPERATIONS ON SETS
➢ Union, Intersection, Difference, Complement, Cartesian Product, Symmetric
Difference
6) VENN DIAGRAM
➢ Venn diagram for Disjoint set, Overlapping set and Subset, Examples
7) IMPORTANT RESULTS ON CARDINALITY
8) PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONS ON SETS
➢ Closure, Commutative, Associative, Identity, Distributive
9) LAWS OF SETS
➢ De Morgan’s, Absorption. Idempotent, Complement, Double Complement, Identity,
Dominance
10) THEOREMS OF SETS
11) MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS
➢ Co-Prime numbers, Pure Rational numbers
MCQs:
1) ( A − B)  B =
A) A B) B
C) A − B D) A  B
2) If A  B then which of the following must be true?
A) A − B = 0 B) B − A = 0
C) A − B =  D) B − A = 
3) For any two sets A and B, n ( A  B) = n ( A) + n ( B) only if
A) A  B =  B) A  B = 
C) A  B = A  B D) A = B
4) Let U = 1, 2, 3,...,10 , A = 1, 2, 5 , B = 6, 7 then A  B =
A) B B) B
C) A D) A
5) If A and B are any two sets then which of the following is always true?
A) A  B = A  B B) A  B  A  B
C) A  B  A  B D) All of these
6) If A and B are any two sets then A  ( B − A) =
A)  B) A
C) B D) A  B
7) If A and B are any two sets then A  B = A  B if and only if
A) A  B B) B  A
C) A = B D) None
8) If A = a, b, c , B = 2, 6,10 then n ( A  B) =
A) 6 B) 9
C) 12 D) 18
9) A  ( A  B ) =
A)  B) A
C) B D) A  A
10) If n ( A) = 3, n ( B) = 6 and A  B then n ( A  B) =
A) 6 B) 9
C) 12 D) 18
11) B − A is a subset of
A) A − B B) A
C) B D) A  B
12) If x  A  B then
A) x  A  x  B B) x  A  x  B
C) x  A  x  B D) x  A  x  B
13) n ( A) = 20, n ( B) = 16, n ( A  B) = 10 then n ( A  B) =
A) 16 B) 26
C) 36 D) 6
14) A − B = B − A , if and only if
A) A  B B) B  A
C) A = B D) A = 
15) Difference between two sets, denoted by A \ B or A − B , is defined as
A)  x | x  A  x  B B)  x | x  A  x  B
C)  x | x  A  x  B D)  x | x  A  x  B
16) If A is a set having 6 elements, then the number of elements in P ( A) is
2
A) 6 B) 6
C) 12 D) 26
17) If a set A has 3 elements and set B has 6 elements such that A  B , then the number of
elements in A  B is
A) 6 B) 9
C) 12 D) 3
18) Every set is the _____ of itself.
A) Proper subset B) Improper subset
C) Both A and B D) None
19) The power set of any empty set is
A) Null set B) Singleton set
C) Superset D) None
20) If n ( A) = p , n ( B) = q then n ( A  B) =
A) p + q + 1 B) pq
2
C) p D) p + q
21) A =  x | x  x represents
A)  x B) 1
C) 0 D) {}
22) A =  x | x  N , x  1 is
A) Singleton set B) Set with two elements
C) Empty set D) Infinite set
23) For any two sets X and Y, X  ( X  Y ) =
A) X B) Y
C)  D) X  Y
24) Two set X and Y are disjoint if
A) X − Y B) X  Y = 0
C) X  Y =  D) X  Y
25) If A = {4,3} then P ( A) =
A) { ,{3},{4},{3,4}} B) {{3},{4},{3,4}}
C) { ,{3},{4}} D) { ,{3,4}}
26) Which one is a null set?
A)  B) {0}
C) {} D) None
27) Which one is a set
A) A = {3,4,5,4} B) A = {3, 4, 5, 9}
C) A = {1,1,0,2,3} D) A = {3,4,5,6}
28) If set B is a proper subset of set A, then B  A =
A)  B) B − A
C) B  A D) A
29) If U is a universal set, then A − U =
A) A B) A
C) U  A D) 
30) N  Z =
A) Z B) R
C) W D) N
31) Which of the following is commutative law?
A) A  B = B  A B) A  ( B  C) = ( A  B)  C
C) A  ( B  C) = ( A  B)  ( A  C) D) A  B = B  A
32) For any three sets X, Y and Z, X  (Y  Z ) =
A) X  (Y  Z ) B) ( X  Y )  ( X  Z )
C) ( X  Y )  ( X  Z ) D) ( X  Y )  ( X  Z )
33) If U = {a, b, c, d , e}, A = {b, d} and B = {a, b, c} then ( A  B) =
A)  B) {e}
C) {a, b, c} D) {b, d , e}
34) Which one is not an empty set?
A) {x | x3 = 8  x − 1 = 0} B) {x | x + 1 = 0  x = 2}
C) Both A and B D) None
35) If A and B are two sets, then A 
A) A  B B) A  B
C) A D) B
36) If A and B are two sets then A  B = A if and only if
A) A  B B) B  A
C) A  B D) B  A
37) If B  C and C  B if and only if
A) B  C B) B  C = C
C) B  C = B D) B = C
38) If A = {1,2,3}, B = {1,2} then which one of the following relations is correct.
A)A B  A B) A  B  A  B
C) A  B  A D) All of these
39) If U = 0,1, 2, 3 , A = 0,1, 2 , B = 1 , C = {2, 3} then the set A, B and C are
A) Cells B) Exhaustive set
C) Overlapping set D) Disjoint set
40) If A = {a, b, c}, B = {3,4,5} then the relation between A and B is
A) A = B B) A B
C) A  B D) None
41) A  B =
A) ( A  B) B) ( A  B)
C) A  B D) None
42) Let U = {a, b, c, d , e}, A = {a, b, d} and B = {b, d , e} then B − A =
A) {a} B) {b}
C) {c} D) {b, c}
43) If power set of any set contain 32 elements, then find the number of elements of that set.
A) 4 B) 5
C) 3 D) 7
44) If A = {1,2,3}, B = {3,4} and C = {4,5,6} then ( A  B)  ( B  C) =
A) {(3,4)} B) {(1, 4),(3, 4)}
C) {(1, 4),(2,3)} D) None
45) If A and B are any two sets such that n ( A) = 32, n ( B) = 21 and n ( A  B) = 11 then n ( A  B) =
A) 11 B) 21
C) 0 D) 10
46) Which of the following is an empty set?
A) {x  R | x2 − 1 = 0} B) {x  R | x2 + 2 = 0}
C) {x  R | x3 + 9 = 0} D) None
( )
47) If A is an empty set then n P ( P ( P ( A ) ) ) =
A) 6 B) 16
C) 2 D) 4
48) Which of the following is smallest set such that A{1,2} = {1,2,3,5,9}
A) {2,3,5} B) {3,5,9}
C) {1, 2,9,5} D) {1,2,3,5,9}
49) If A = {2,3,4} and B = {3,4,5} then which of the following is element of the set A  B
A) (3, 2) B) (5,3)
C) (4, 2) D) (3,5)
50) If n ( A) = 6 and n ( B) = 4 then maximum value of n ( A − B) is
A) 6 B) 4
C) 2 D) None
51) The intersection of two overlapping sets is
A) Empty B) Non-Empty
C) Equal D) Equivalent
52) If A  B and A = B then we say that A is an _______ subset of B.
A) Proper B) Improper
C) Super D) None of these
53) If A = {a, b, c}, B = {a, b} then
A) B is power set of A B) B is proper subset of A
C) B is improper subset of A D) B is complementary set of A
54) If U is a universal set and A is any non-empty set, then ( A  A) =
A) A B) A
C) U D) 
55) The number of elements in the set A = {x | x  Z , −1  x  5} is
A) 5 B) 6
C) 7 D) 8
56) If A = {0,1}, B = {1,2} and C = {2,3} then A  ( B  C ) =
A)  B) {(2,0),(2,1)}
C) {(0, 2),(1, 2)} D) {(2,1),(1,0)}
57) ( A  A) is equal to:
A) {} B) A
C) U D) 
58) If A = {2,3}, B = {3,4} and C = {4,5} then ( A − B)  C =
A) {} B) {2,3}
C) {2} D) 
59) If A  ( B  C ) = ( A  B)  ( A  C) then this property is called
A) Associative property of union
B) Associative property of intersection.
C) Distributive property of union over intersection.
D) Distributive property of intersection over union.
60) If n is the number of elements in a set A, then the number of elements in P( A) is
A) 2n B) 3
n

n n
C) 4 D) 5
61) A = {2, 4,9}, B = {2, 22 , 23} are
A) Equal set B) Equivalent set
C) Subset D) Null set
62) If S = {0,1}, T = {2,3} then S  T =
A) {(0,2),(0,3),(1,2),(1,3)} B) {(2,0),(3,0),(2,1),(3,1)}
C) {} D) It cannot be determined
63) A  =   A =
A) A B) A
C)  D) U
64) A = {e, f , g}, B = {x, y, z}, C = {e, f , g, x, y, z} then set A & B are called
A) Cells B) Exhaustive sets
C) Disjoint sets D) Equivalent sets
65) B = {x | x + 5 = 5} is an example of
A) Subset B) Singleton set
C) Null set D) Super set
66) The total number of proper subsets of the given set A = {a, b, c, d} are
A) 10 B) 11
C) 15 D) 16
67) If set A is a subset of set B, then B is called _______ of A, denoted by B  A
A) Super set B) Subset
C) Equal set D) None of these
68) If A = {x | x = 16 and 2 x = 4} then A is called
2

A) Equal set B) Subset

C) Null set D) Super set
69) Set of even prime natural number is
A) Finite B) Empty
C) Singleton D) Infinite
70) Which one of the following is correct (all letters have their usual meaning).
A) Z  W  N  Q B) R  W  Z
C) N  W  Z D) Q  R  Z
71) Let A be the set of prime numbers less than 50 and B be the set of odd numbers greater
than 40, then A  B =
A) A B) B
C) {41,43,45,47,49} D) {41,43,47}
72) A = {e, f , g}, B = { f , x, y, z}, C = {e, f , g, x, y, z} then set A & B are called
A) Cells B) Exhaustive sets
C) Disjoint sets D) Equivalent sets
73) Let V = {d}, W = {c, d}, X = {a, b, c}, Y = {a, b} and Z = {a, b, d} . Which of the following
statement is false
I) Y  X II) V  W
III) V  Y IV) Z  V
A) I only B) II only
C) III only D) II & IV
74) Let A = {2,{4,5},4} . Which of the following statements is incorrect
A) {4,5}  A B) {4,5} A
C) {{4,5}}  A D) None
75) If S = {3,{1, 4}, 2} then the number of elements in P(S ) is
A) 6 B) 8
C) 12 D) 16
76) Two finite set have m and n elements respectively. The total number of subsets of first
set is 112 more than the total number of subsets of second set, the values of m and n
respectively are
A) 5, 2 B) 4, 7
C) 7, 4 D) 2, 5
77) Let S be a non-empty set, then what is the identity element of ( P( S ),  ) ?
A) U B) S
C)  D) No identity element
78) The Venn diagram for B  A is

A) B)

C) D)

79) The correct Venn diagram for ( A  B)  ( A  C ) is

A) B)

C) D)

80) Venn diagram for ( B − A) is

A) B)

C) D)
81) The Venn diagram for V  − W  is

A) B)

C) D)

82) The following Venn diagram represents:

A) A  B B) A  B
C) A − B D) B − A

83) If A, B and C are non-empty sets such that A  B , C  B , A  C   then the Venn
diagram will be

A) B)
B A C
A B
C

C) D)
B
A B C
A
C
84) If A, B and C are non-empty set such that A  B , B  C then the Venn diagram is

A) B)

C B
C B A A

C) D)
C
B C A
B A

85) 50 students signed up for both English and Math, 90 students signed up for either English
or Math, 25 students are taking English but not Math. How many students are taking Math
but not taking English?
A) 10 B) 15
C) 50 D) 65
86) Of the 410 students at Kennedy High School, 240 study Spanish and 180 study French. If
25 study neither language then how many students study both?
A) 35 B) 15
C) 20 D) 25
87) 70 students are enrolled in Math, English or German, 40 students are in Math, 35 are in
English, 30 are in German and 15 students are enrolled in all three of the courses. How many
students are enrolled in exactly two of the courses.
A) 5 B) 10
C) 15 D) 20
88) The 65 cars on a car lot, 45 have air conditioning, 30 have power windows and 12 have
both air conditioning and power windows. How many of the cars on the lot have neither air
condition nor power windows?
A) 2 B) 8
C) 10 D) 15
89) There are 50 people in a room, 28 are male, 32 are under the age of 30 and 12 males are
under the age of 30. How many females over the age of 30 are in the group?
A) 2 B) 3
C) 4 D) 5
90) There are 50 students in a class, 38 out of these own desktop computers and 16 of them
own laptop computers. It is known that number of students who own both desktop and laptop
computers are x so the smallest possible value of x is
A) 16 B) 8
C) 4 D) 0
91) There are 50 people in a group, 34 have brown shoes and 21 have black shoes, if the
number of people who have both brown and black shoes are x , then which of the following
is true about x ?
A) x = 5 B) x = 21
C) 5  x  21 D) 5  x  21
92) In a group of people 60% like chocolate and 70% like strawberry, the percentage of
people who like both chocolate and strawberry are
A) 30% B) 50%
C) 10% D) 40%
93) Out of 1350 candidates, 600 passed in Science, 700 in Mathematics, 350 in English and
50 failed in all three subjects. If 200 passed in Science and Mathematics, 150 in Science and
English, 100 in Mathematics and English then how many candidates passed in all three
subjects?
A) 50 B) 100
C) 150 D) 200
94) In a group of students, 25 study computer, 28 study health, 20 study Mathematics, 9 study
Computer only, 12 study Health only and 8 study computer and Health only and 5 study
Health and Mathematics only. The total number of students and the number of students
studying all the subjects respectively are
A) 50, 5 B) 40, 4
C) 49, 3 D) 41, 5
95) On Monday, in a college class 40 students are present out of which 24 have Math book
and 26 have Physics book while 5 students have neither Math book nor Physics book so how
many students in class are present that have Math book but not Physics book?
A) 12 B) 18
C) 15 D) 9
ANSWER KEY:

1 D 21 D 41 B 61 B 81 C

2 C 22 D 42 A 62 A 82 A

3 B 23 A 43 B 63 A 83 C

4 C 24 C 44 A 64 A 84 C

5 C 25 A 45 B 65 B 85 B

6 A 26 A 46 B 66 C 86 A

7 C 27 D 47 D 67 A 87 A

8 B 28 D 48 B 68 C 88 A

9 A 29 D 49 D 69 C 89 A

10 A 30 D 50 A 70 C 90 C

11 C 31 D 51 B 71 D 91 D

12 C 32 C 52 B 72 B 92 A

13 B 33 B 53 B 73 B 93 B

14 C 34 B 54 D 74 A 94 C

15 B 35 B 55 C 75 B 95 D

16 D 36 B 56 C 76 B

17 D 37 D 57 C 77 B

18 B 38 D 58 D 78 D

19 B 39 B 59 C 79 D

20 B 40 B 60 A 80 B