MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032)
Review Module 254-9967 (Cebu)
– Reinforced Concrete Design (Foundation)
NSCP 2001
410.18 BEARING STRENGTH
415.3 LOADS AND REACTIONS
410.18.1
Design bearing strength on concrete shall not exceed ø(0.85f’ CA1),
415.3.1 Footings shall be proportioned to resist the factored loads and except when the supporting surface is wider on all sides than the loaded
induced reactions, in accordance with the appropriate design requirements area, design bearing strength on the loaded area shall be permitted to be
of this code and as provided in this section. multiplied
by √𝐴2/𝐴1 but not more than 2.
415.3.2 Base area of footing or number and arrangement of piles shall be
determined from unfactored forces and moments transmitted by footing to For Column:
soil or piles and permissible soil pressure of permissible pile capacity 𝑃𝐵 = 𝜙(0.85𝑓 ′𝐴1 )
selected through principles of soil mechanics. For Footing: 𝐶

𝑈𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 (𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿) 𝑃𝐵 = 𝜙NSCP

(0.85𝑓 ′2015
𝐴1 )√𝐴2 /𝐴1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒, 𝑞𝑒
413.3 Shallow Foundations
𝑈𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 (𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿)
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 413.3.1.1 Minimum base area of foundation shall be calculated
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 from unfactored forces and moments transmitted by foundation to soil or
415.3.3 For footings on piles, computations for moments and shears may be rock or permissible bearing pressure selected through principles of soil or
based on the assumption that the reaction from any pile is concentrated at rock mechanics
pile center. 413.3.1.2 Overall depth of foundation shall be selected such that
the effective depth of bottom reinforcement is at least 150mm
415.4 FOOTINGS SUPPORTING CIRCULAR OR REGULAR SHAPED
POLYGONS
For location of critical sections for moment, shear and development of
reinforcement in footings, it shall be permitted to treat circular or regular 413.2.7.1 Mu at the supported member shall be permitted to be calculated at
polygon-shaped concrete columns or pedestals as square members with the the critical section defined in accordance with Table 413.2.7.1.
same area. Table 413.2.7.1
Location of Critical Section for Mu
415.6 SHEAR IN FOOTINGS Supported member Location of critical section
I. One-way Shear or Wide Beam Shear Column or pedestal Face of column or pedestal
1 ′ Halfway between face of column
𝑉𝐶 = 6 √𝑓 𝑐𝑏𝑑 (411 − 3) Column with steel base plate
and edge of steel base plate
II. Two-way Shear or Punching Shear Concrete wall Face of wall
For non-prestressed slabs and footings, VC shall be the smallest of: Halfway between center and face of
1 2 Masonry wall
𝑉𝐶 = (1 + ) √𝑓 𝑐𝑏𝑂 𝑑
′
(411 − 35) masonry wall
6 𝛽𝐶 413.2.7.3 Circular or regular polygon-shaped concrete columns or pedestals
Where βC is the ratio of the long side to short side of the column, shall be permitted to be treated as square members of equivalent area when
concentrated load, or reaction area. locating critical sections for moment shear and development of reinforcement
1 𝛼𝑆𝑑
𝑉𝐶 = ( + 2) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑂 𝑑 (411 − 36)
12 𝑏𝑂
Where αS is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns, and 20 for corner 413.3.2 One-way shallow foundations
columns.
1 ′ 413.2.1 The design and detailing of one-way shallow foundations,
𝑉𝐶 = √𝑓 𝑐𝑏𝑂 𝑑 (411 − 37) including strip footings, combined footings, and grade beams, shall be in
3
accordance with this section and the applicable provisions of Sections 407
415.8 MINIMUM FOOTING DEPTH and 409 (Beams and One-way Slabs)
Depth of footing above bottom reinforcement shall not be less than 150 mm
for footings on soil, or not less than 300 mm for footings on piles. 413.2.2 Reinforcement shall be distributed uniformly across entire
width of one-way footings
415.5 MOMENTS IN FOOTINGS
415.5.1 External moment on any section of a footing shall be determined by 413.3.3 Two-Way Isolated Footings
passing a vertical plane through the footing and computing the moment of 413.3.3.2 In square two-way footings, reinforcement shall
the forces acting over the entire area of footing on one side of that vertical be distributed uniformly across entire width of footing in both directions.
plane. 413.3.3.3 In rectangular footings, reinforcement shall
415.5.2 Maximum factored moment for an isolated footing shall be computed be distributed in accordance with (a) and (b).
as prescribed in Section 415.5.1 at critical sections located as follows: a. Reinforcement in the long direction shall be distributed
1. At face of column, pedestal, or wall, for footings supporting a uniformly across entire width of footing.
concrete column, pedestal, or wall. b. For reinforcement in the short direction, a portion of the total
2. Halfway between middle and edge of wall, for footings supporting reinforcement, 𝛾𝑠𝐴𝑠, shall be distributed uniformly over a band width equal
a masonry wall. to the length of short side of footing, centered on centerline of column or
3. Halfway between face of column and edge of steel base plate, for pedestal. Remainder of reinforcement shall be distributed uniformly
footings supporting a column with steel base plate. outside the center band width of the 𝟐 footing where 𝛾𝑠 is calculated by:
𝜸𝒔 = (413.3.3.3)
415.5.3 In one-way footings and two-way square footings, reinforcement 𝜷+𝟏
shall be distributed uniformly across entire width of the footing. where 𝜷 is the ratio of long to short side of footing
415.5.4 In two way rectangular footings, reinforcement shall be distributed as
follows: 422.5 One-Way Shear Strength
422.5.5.1 For non-prestressed members without axial force, 𝑽𝑪 shall be
415.5.4.1 Reinforcement in long direction shall be distributed uniformly calculated by:
across entire width of footing.
𝑽𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝝀√𝒇′𝒄𝒃𝒘 𝒅 (422.5.5.1)
415.5.4.2 For reinforcement in short direction, a portion of the total
reinforcement given by the equation below shall be distributed over a band 422.6 Two-Way Shear Strength
width (centered on centerline of column or pedestal) equal to the length of 422.6.1.4 Two-way shear shall be resisted by a section with a depth d and an
the short side of the footing. Remainder of reinforcement required may be assumed critical perimeter bo as defined in Section 422.6.4.
distributed uniformly outside the center band of the footing.
𝐴𝑆𝐶 2 422.6.2.1 For calculation of vc and vs for two-way shear, d shall be the
= (415 − 1) average of the effective depths in the two orthogonal directions.
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032)
Review Module 254-9967 (Cebu)
– Reinforced Concrete Design (Foundation)

422.6.4.1 For two-way shear, critical sections shall be located so that the ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ISOLATED SQUARE FOOTING
critical perimeter bo is a minimum but need not be closer than d/2 to (2) and SITUATION. A column 600 mm x 600 mm square is supported by a 4 m x 4
m isolated spread footing whose f’c is 28 MPa and is reinforced with 18 – 20
(b):
mm bars with fy = 420 MPa. The column carries a dead load of 1400 kN and
a. Edges or corners of columns, concentrated loads, or reaction areas;
a live load of 1000 kN. The allowable soil bearing pressure is 220 kPa. The
b. Changes in slab or footing thickness, such as edges of capitals, drop
base of the footing is 1.5 m below the grade. Assume weight of soil and
panels, or shear caps.
concrete to be 16 kN/m3 and 24 kN/m3, respectively. The total depth of the
422.6.4.1.1 For square or rectangular columns, concentrated loads, or
footing is 700 mm with concrete cover of 75 mm.
reaction areas, critical sections for two-way shear in accordance with Section
1. Investigate the adequacy of the dimension of the footing.
422.6.4.1 (a) and (b) shall be permitted to be defined assuming straight
2. Determine the wide beam shear stress at ultimate loads.
edges. 422.6.4.1.2 For a circular or regular polygon-shaped column, critical
3. Determine the punching shear stress at ultimate loads.
sections for two-way shear on accordance with Section 422.6.4.1 (a) and (b)
4. Determine the ultimate bending moment.
shall be permitted to be defined assuming a square column of equivalent
5. Determine if the footing is safe from the three modes of failure.
area.
SITUATION. A square footing is to support a 500 mm x 500 mm column
422.6.5.2 vc shall be calculated in accordance with Table 422.6.5.2.
carrying 1200 kN live load and 1500 kN dead load. The allowable soil
pressure is 250 kPa. The bottom of the footing is situated 1 m below the
Table 422.6.5.2
ground surface. Assume the average unit weight of soil and concrete is 20
Calculation of vc for Two-way Shear
kN/m3. For footing, use fc’ = 21 MPa and for column, use fc’ = 28 MPa. For
all steel bars, fy = 420 MPa.
1. Determine the dimensions of the footing.
2. Determine the effective depth of the footing.
3. Determine the number of 25 mm reinforcement.
4. Determine the number of 28 mm dowel at the base of the column.

WALL FOOTING
Note: β is the ratio of long side to short side of column, concentrated load, or
SITUATION. A 400 mm concrete wall supports a dead load of 260 kN/m and
reaction area and αs is given in Section 422.6.5.3
a live load of 160 kN/m. The allowable soil bearing pressure is 200 kPa.
There is a 0.70 m soil at the top of the footing with unit weight of 16 kN/m 3.
422.6.5.3 The value of αs is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns, and Assume concrete weighs 24 kN/m3. The total depth of the wall footing is 500
20 for corner columns. mm with 100 mm steel cover. Use fc’ = 21 MPa for concrete and fy = 420
422.8 Bearing
MPa for all steel bars.
422.8.3.2 Nominal bearing strength, Bn, shall be calculated in accordance 1. Determine the width of the footing.
with Table 422.8.3.2, where A1 is the loaded area and A2 is the lower base of 2. Solve for the nominal shear stress acting on the footing.
the largest frustum of a pyramid, cone, or tapered wedge contained wholly 2. Determine the spacing of 20 mm main reinforcements.
within the support and having its upper base equal to the loaded area. The 3. Determine the number of 12 mm temperature reinforcements.
sides of the pyramid, cone, or tapered wedge shall be sloped 1 vertical to 2
horizontal. RECTANGULAR FOOTING
SITUATION. A 500 mm x 500 mm column carries a total dead load of 1200
Table 422.8.3.2 kN and a total live load of 800 kN. The column is to be supported by a
Nominal Bearing Strength rectangular spread footing having thickness of 700 mm whose width is
limited to 3 m. The net soil bearing capacity of the soil is 210 kPa. Use f’c =
21 MPa for concrete and fy = 414 MPa for all steel bars. Use 75 mm
concrete cover.
1. Determine the length of the footing.
2. Determine wide beam shear stress at the critical section.
3. Determine the punching shear stress at the critical section.
4. Design the reinforcements using 28 mm bars.
413.4 Deep Foundations a. Determine the number of reinforcement along the long direction.
413.4.1.1 Number and arrangement of piles, drilled piers and b. Determine the number of reinforcement along the
caissons shall be determined from unfactored forces and moments short direction.
transmitted to these members and permissible member capacity selected
through principles of soil or rock mechanics. FOOTING ON PILES
413.4.2.1 Overall depth of pile cap shall be selected such that the SITUATION. A 500 mm x 500 mm column is supported as shown:
effective depth of bottom reinforcement is at least 300mm.
413.4.2.2 Factored moments and shears shall be permitted to
be calculated with the reaction from any pile assumed to be concentrated at
the centroid of the pile section.

413.4.2 Pile Cap

413.4.2.5 Calculation of factored shear on any section through a
pile cap shall be in accordance with (a) through (c)
a. Entire reaction from any pile with its center located dpile/2 or
more outside the section shall be considered as producing shear on that
section;
b. Reaction from any pile with its center located dpile/2 or more
inside the section shall be considered as producing no shear on that The column carries the following service loads:
section. DL = 1200 kN LL = 1000 kN a = 0.6 m b = 1.2 m
c. For intermediate positions of pile center, the portion of the fc’ = 21 MPa fy = 420 MPa c = 0.8 m d = 1.6 m
pile reaction to be considered as producing shear on the section shall be 1. Determine the ultimate load per pile in kN.
based on a linear interpolation between the full value at dpile/2 outside the 2. Determine the required effective depth of the footing.
section and zero value at dpile/2 inside the section. 3. Determine the ultimate bending moment acting on both axes of the footing.