COMPUTER APPRECIATION

Computer is an advance electronic device that takes raw data as an Input from the user and
processes these data under the control set of instruction (called program) and give the
result as an output and save the output for the future use. It can process both numerical &
non-numerical data.

Computer is an electronic device that is capable of accepting data (as an input) process the
data, give out the result (as an output) in a precise, prescribe and unbiased format, which
can also stored the result i.e the information for the future references

WHY IS COMPUTER AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE?

A computer is an electronic device; in the sense that it manipulates data according to a set
of instruction also make uses of wire, cable, and circuit that use electricity.

SOME ACRONYMS IN COMPUTER

GIGO: Gabbage In Gabbage Out
VDU: Visual Display Unit
CPU: Central Processing Unit
USB: Universal Serial Bus
UPS: Uninterruptible Power Supply
RAM: Random Access Memory
ROM: Read Only Memory
PC: Personal Computer
PDA: Personal Digital Assistant
BCC: Blind Carbon Copy
CAD: Computer Aided Design
DAC: Digital to Analogue Converter
CD: Compact Disc
DOS: Disc Operating System
DVD: Digital Versatile Disc
GIF: Graphics Interchange Format

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GUI: Graphics User Interface
IM: Instant Message
OLE: Object Linking and Embedded
RGB: Red Green Blue
SMM: Social Media Marketing
SIMM: Single Inline Memory Modules

USES OF COMPUTER IN DIFFERENT FIELD/JOBS

Education: Research shows that computers can significantly enhance performance in
learning, getting the right kind of information are a major challenge. Student exposed to the
Internet has helped them improve the quality of their academic research and of their
written work.

Business: Businesses needs a way to enhance their productivity and competitiveness, so

internet has become a popular marketing tool. i.e internet banking, bill payment, online
stock, electronic deposit.

Government: Various departments of the government administration use computer for their
planning, control and law enforcement activities. To name a few traffic, tourism, aviation
information & broadcasting

Railway Station & airport: Computers help in giving information about ticket reservation and
bookings. It helps in keeping Information, giving information about the arrival and departure
of trains and aero planes; it also helps in keeping record of all passengers

Health & Medical: Computer technology is radically changing the tool of medicine; all
medical information can now be digitized. Software is now able to compute the risk of a
disease. Mental health researchers are using computers to screen troubled teenagers in
need of psychotherapy. A patient paralyzed by stroke would receive an implant that allows
communication between His/Her brain, also it helps in doing a number of medical test.

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Science: Scientists have long been user of it. In which researchers all over the world can
work easily together even at a distance. An example is SPACE PHYSICS where physicists are
allowed to band together to measure the Earth’s ionosphere from instruments on four parts
of the world.

Recreation & entertainment: pleasure time has also been affected by computerization. For
example in movies, computer generated graphics gives freedom to designers so that special
effects and even imaginary characters can play a part in making movies or cartoon
animation films.

Office: Computers are used to type and print document, letter memo, etc. computer helps
in keeping records of office employees

Defense: Computer helps in launching of missiles i.e keeping record of criminals, helps in
constructing weapon and controlling their function also help in establishing communication
links between the soldiers and their commander through satellites

Sport: in today’s technologically growing society, computer compile programs & diets for
athletes and suggest game plan strategies based on the competitors past performance.

WHAT ARE DATA, PROCESS, AND INFORMATION?

Data is the material given to computer on which computer performs a set of processing to
get information. Data is the raw fact to create information. For example when you fill a
form, it is considered raw material or unprocessed fact (data) it is then used to maintain a
record and create information.

Information: is the useful fact of raw materials, information is more important than data.
Information is the outcome of the processed data.

Here are eight examples on how they differ from each other
• Data lack meaning while information are meaningful
• Data are valueless while information are useful & valuable

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• Data is from record & observation while information is based on research
• Data is like a phrase while information is like a clause
• Data is like a word while information is like a sentence
• Data is raw while information is the result of analysis
• Data is simply non-understandable while information is complete image of
understandable data.

Processed or Processing: basically is a series of action, changes or function which bring about
a result

IDENTIFICATION OF COMPUTER COMPONENTS/PARTS

There are four essential/main components
1. Monitor: It display information in visual forms using text and graphics. The display part
of the monitor is called “SCREEN”. Monitor has two types; Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) and
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) both types produce sharp images but LCD monitors has the
advantage of being much thinner and lighter. CRT monitors are generally more
affordable
2. Keyboard: this is standard input device use to send in data into the system unit.
There are 2 types of keyboard (Enhanced keyboard and standard keyboard)
3. Mouse: this known as hand held tool i.e a small device use to point to and select item on
your computer screen. Left button known as primary button while right button known as
secondary button.
Types of mouse are (optical mouse and ball pointer mouse)
4. System Unit: This is the core computer system usually a regular box in nature placed on
or under neat your desk, as the name implies, it is a major unit on the computer system
where all information can be process. inside these system there are many component
that process information.
• Mother board: this is a device that every other devices are connected to, to perform
their functions.
• Hard disk: is a device that store information on a metal or plastic disk, the disk
preserves the information even when your computer is turned off.

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 • CD/DVD drive: nearly all computer today come equipped with a CD or DVD drive,
usually located on the front of the system unit which is used to install programs into
system unit, it also use to play audio or video movies on your computer.
• Power pack: is a connection used to transfer electricity into various units.
• Floppy drive: it is a unit used to copy or transfer information into diskette, it can
store a small amount of data
• Cooling fan: this is used to cool the processor and other unit from getting hot
• USB Ports: these are the connection point at the back of the system unit.

Others computer component are

5. Printer: transfer data from computer into paper i.e turning softcopy into hardcopy;
printing of cards, invitation, announcement and other materials.
The main types of printer are
Ink jet: this type of printer use to print in colored uses ink
Laser jet: this use to print in black and white uses tonner
6. Scanner: is a device that optically scans images, hand writing or an object and covert it
to a digital image.
7. Light pen: it allows the user to point to the displayed object or draw on the screen; in a
similar way to a touched screen.
8. Joy stick: is a device used to control a game action i.e to play game like game pad
9. Speaker: are use to hear sound. It may be built into the system unit or connected with
cable, it allows you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your computer.
10. Modem: is a device that sends and receives computer information over a telephone line
or high speed cable. To connect your computer to the internet you need a modem.
11. UPS: Uninterrupted Power Supply is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency
power to a load when the input power source failed. It is typically use to protect
computers or other electrical equipments.
12. Stabilizer: this device use to regulate the power voltage

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CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER
Computers can be classified according to the following criteria: Type, Purpose, Size,
generation

Classification by functionality or type:

• Digital computers are Computers which performs calculations by counting numbers
precisely. In a digital computer data is represented by discrete state “ON” and “OFF” for
mathematical and logical operations e.g Calculators, Digital Dispenser
• Analogue computers are computers used to measure physical quantities as continuous
form e.g Voltage, Temperature, and Pressure. Analogue computers are used for
scientific purposes, to measure the result of experiments, or to stimulate process which
can be described in terms of quantities varying according to known rules e.g
Speedometer, millage in vehicles
• Hybrid computers: as the name implies “Hybrid” which means the mixture or
combination of two or more things, this is to say Hybrid computers combine some of the
properties of both digital and Analogue computer. A hybrid computer consists of an
analogue and digital computer connected together in a single system. E.g Photocopying
Machine

Classification according to purpose:

• Special purpose computers are the computers designed for special task only, to solve
problems of restricted nature e.g Air Traffic control or weapon guidance system. For
example a word processor is special computer used in the production of office
documents letters, and contracts e.t.c
• General purpose computers are the computers designed to solve a wide variety of
problems. They are can be adopted to solve a particular task or solve problems by the
mean of specially written programs. They are versatile i.e they are useful in carrying out
inventory, payroll processing, bank transaction processing e.t.c

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Classification by size:
• Super computers: this is the most powerful type, very expensive; it is employed for
specialized application that requires immense amount of mathematical calculation. e.g
Weather forecast, petroleum exploration requires a super computer.
• Main frame: it is large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds of users
simultaneously. In some way mainframe are more powerful than super computer
because it supports more simultaneous programs while super computer can execute a
single program faster than mainframe.
• Mini computers: is a multi processing system capable of supporting from 4 to about 200
users simultaneously.
• Micro computers: these are portable computer that are currently in use e.g laptop, cell
phone, desktop, ipad, note pad e.t.c

Structure of computer (Digital and General)

The Digital Structure

MEMORY Unit

INPUT Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit OUTPUT Unit

CONTROL Unit

Input Unit: These provide medium through which data is being entered into the computer
system. e.g Keyboard, mouse, scanner e.t.c
Memory Unit: It provides the medium through which data can be stored or kept in the
system unit.
ALU: It takes charge of all the mathematics functions such as addition, subtraction, division.
Control unit: It takes charge of how the data is being controlled or run by the user, it is a
series of instruction being carried out or given to computer system to perform.
Output Unit: These provide the medium through which data is been display or a feedback
from system unit

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The General Structure
Computer System

Hardware Software

Input CPU Output System software Application software

e.g Ms word, Ms excel
Ms access, Autocad,
CorelDraw, SPSS etc
Operating Translator Utility
System System System

Advantages of computer
• It helps you automate various tasks that you can not do manually
• It is much quicker to type a letter than to write with a pen
• It helps you to find useful information using the internet
• It has large storage capacity
• To measure sophisticated statistical and mathematical tools for decision making
• Entertainment: movies would never have been made without computers, because they
use computer graphics and animations in them.
• Counting of vote would have been impossible without computers
• Space exploration would not be possible without the help of computers
• Communication i.e sending and receiving of information now a days is easier through
the use of telecommunication system

Disadvantages of computer
• It spoil eye sight, if you look on the monitor too much
• It require additional infrastructure i.e Power supply and Software back up
• Failure of computer system can be more serious and difficult to correct sometime
• It encourage fraudulent
• It causes partial unemployment

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• In factories, robots are now used in lieu of manual workers
• Talented hand text writers are no more honored
• Seeking employment, computer knowledge has become a add on advantages
• High cost of equipment
• Occasionally break down

Differences between computer system and manual typewriter

• Retyping a whole text in case of amendment could be avoided
• Maintenance of data retrieved from directories, list, client and prospective files,
inventories, staff record and a varieties of other lengthy records that are subject to
constant changes is possible
• Wastages of stationeries can be avoided since the mistakes can be corrected on the
screen before final printing
• Provide opportunity to automatically check spelling accuracy of documents
• Several multiples copies of documents can be printed without the use of stencils
• Documents are stored on retrievable system rather than cabinet and filling on paper
• Provide opportunity to back up storage.

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 Operating system

Operating system is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources

and provides common services for computer programs. Operating systems perform basic
tasks such as recognizing input from the Keyboard, sending output to the display screen,
keeping track of file and directories on the disk and controlling peripheral devices. Examples
of operating systems are; Mac OS, Linux, Android, Apple OS, Microsoft Windows OS.

Functions of Operating System

• It control the application of input and output
• It enables the ability of correct error
• It pro-run others software application
• It is an interface for a user
• It keeps complete records of all the various work

Classification of Operating System

• Single user is a process whereby a person is operating computer system at a time
• Multi user allow two or more users to run programs at the same time
• Network user is a situation where group of computer are interconnected together and
share the same resources.

Application of Mouse
Mouse can be used to perform various functions
• Pointing is an act of moving round the mouse for cursor identification
• Clicking is the act of selecting an object, which can be achieve by press your left mouse
button once
• Double clicking use as a quick way to open a folder and also a quick link to launch an
Icon program/package, it can be achieve by press left mouse button twice in a very quick
successions
• Dragging is a way of moving or changing an object from one position to another, which
can be done by press and hold left mouse button, then move and drop

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 • Right clicking is a command use to display/bring out the hidden menu, by press the right
mouse button once

Keyboard functions
Keyboard as an input device has different types of keys
1. Numeric keys (0 - 9)
2. Alphabetic keys (A – Z)
3. Function keys (F1 – F12)
4. Symbolic keys (; ? / , ; > ‘)
5. Navigator/ arrow keys (←↑↓→)
6. Special or computer keys are
• Esc key use to terminate unwanted action
• Tab key use to create paragraph while typing a document, also for next
• Cap locks use as the second function of alphabetic keys
• Shift key use to get upper sign of any key, by holding it with the key
• Alt key and Ctrl key are use with other keys to get a special command/function
• Window key serves as a gate that opens the program manager in alternative to start
button
• Space bar is the longest key on the keyboard which use to create gap while typing
document
• Enter key use to accept command and also use to move to the next line while
typesetting
• Backspace and Delete key are use to erase text or remove object
• Home key use to move the cursor to the beginning of a line
• End key use to move to the end of a line
• Page up key use to scroll up or back to previous page
• Page down use to scroll down
• Print Screen Key use to capture the viewing of the computer screen
• Power key can be use to switch off computer from the keyboard
• Insert key use to paste object that has been copied

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 Booting
In the booting, system will check all the hardware’s and software’s those are installed and
this will also load all the files those are needed for running a system. Booting is when start
computer and by which a computer system is gathering information that will be use.

Types of Booting
1. Warm booting: is when the computer system starts from the starting or from initial
state, means the user will press the power button then this will read all the instructions
from the ROM and operating system will be automatically gets loaded into the systems.
2. Cold booting: is a process in which system automatically restarts all over, for example
due to light fluctuation the system will automatically restarts in this some file will be
damage or corrupt.

Properties of a window
• Desktop: it is the colorful part of the screen that appears after the computer has finished
or passed through booting. Desktop consist of picture background, icons and other
gadgets
• Taskbar: this is the long bar that runs through the window at the bottom, which consists
of start button, time scheduler, status, volume icon, e.t.c

Customizing your desktop

1. Changing desktop background
• Right click on desktop where there is no icon
• Click on properties (an option box appear)
• Click on desktop tab
• Select your desire picture background
• Click on apply and Ok

2. Arranging of Desktop Icons

• Right click on desktop where there is no icon
• Click on Arrange Icon by
• Select your choice (By size, By Name, By date) OR click on Auto Arrange Icon

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 3. Hide/unhide Desktop Icon
• Right click on desktop where there is no icon
• Click on Arrange Icon by
• Click on show desktop icon (to be unmark is HIDE while mark is UNHIDE)

4. Applying Screensaver
• Right click on desktop where there is no icon
• Click on properties (an option box appear)
• Click on Screensaver tab
• Select your desire screensaver e.g 3D Text
• Click on setting (to customize the text)
• Click on Ok
• Click on Apply and OK

5. Time scheduler settings

• Right click on display time from Task bar
• Click on adjust date and time
• Set the appropriate date and time
• Click on apply and Ok

6. Apply Auto hide Taskbar

• Right click on Task bar
• Click on properties (an option box appear)
• Click on Auto hide task bar (to be mark)

Icon
Icon is small pictorial object appear on desktop that represent a quick link to any
application. There are two types of Icon
✓ Default icons: are the icon that comes with system after loading or installed the
Operating system. e.g Recycle bin icon, my computer icon, my document icon e.t.c

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 ✓ Customized icon: this are the icon created by the user. e.g Folder or file. Folder is a
directory where record or document can be kept while File is a document/work that
has been prepare inside the system.

How to create folder on desktop

• Right click on desktop where there is no icon
• Click on New
• Click on Folder
• Type your desire Folder name
• Click elsewhere

How to re-name a folder or file

• Right click on the Folder or File
• Click on rename
• Type your desire name
• Click elsewhere

How to delete a Folder or File

• Right click on the Folder or File
• Click on delete
• Click on Yes (to confirm)

How to retrieve a deleted Folder or File

• Double click on Recycle bin Icon from the desktop
• Search for the Folder/File and Right click on it
• Click on restore

Computer Virus
Virus is an unwanted program that loaded onto your computer without your knowledge, it
replicate itself and spread from one computer to another.

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 Symptoms of Virus
• Program may start launch itself
• Unusual sounds may play randomly
• Some file or folder seem to disappear or not open
• Computer may also display some strange messages
• Disk space can become overloaded
• CD ROM drive trays may open and close by itself, without the user directly the function

Flash drive
Flash drive is an external storage device that can be used to store or keep documents,
programs, pictures, music or video. The storage capacity of Flash drive are: 512MB, 1GB,
2GB, 4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 32GB e.t.c

Types of flash drive

Anti-Virus flash drive is a device that contains an anti-virus program used for scanning
system in order to prevent virus infection. It use to update on internet
Non anti-virus flash drive is a device used for storage purpose only.

How to format a Flash drive

• Insert the flash drive into the USB port
• Double click on my computer icon from desktop
• Right click on the flash drive icon
• Click on format
• select on quick format
• Click on format
• Click on Ok

How to re-name a flash drive

• Insert the flash drive into the USB port
• Double click on my computer icon from desktop
• Right click on the flash drive icon

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 • Click on rename
• Type your desire name
• Click elsewhere

How to save into flash drive

• Insert the flash drive into the USB port
• Launch or open the document (e.g Ms Word 2007)
• Click on office button
• Click on save as (an option box appear)
• Changed the “save in” to the flash name
• Type your desire file name
• Click on save

Using onscreen keyboard

• Click on start button from the task bar
• Click on all programs
• Click on accessories
• Click on accessibilities
• Click on “On Screen keyboard

Playing Audio or video CD

• Insert the CD into CD Drive (if cannot play automatically)
• Click on start button from the task bar
• Click on all programs
• Click on accessories
• Click on entertainment
• Click on Window Media Player

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 Word Processor Package
(Ms Word 2007)

Word processor used for the production of any sort of printable material, including
composition, editing, formatting and possibly printing. Word processing is the creation of
documents using word processor. Examples of word processor package are Open Office
Write, Note pad, word pad, Ventura, word perfect, Kword, corel perfect, Ms word, Ami
professional e.t.c

Microsoft Word is the most widely used word processing software. Microsoft estimates that
over 500, 000, 000 people use the Microsoft office suit which includes Ms Word. Microsoft
word 2007 is a powerful word processing package that can be use to create, edit and re-
organize a document, the document can saved or printed out on paper as required.

Advantages of Ms Word 2007

1. It can create professional looking documents
2. It makes editing a very simple task
3. It communicate more effectively with high impact graphics
4. It manage document properties in the document information panel
5. It add preformatted elements with just a few clicks
6. Easily avoid spelling errors

Terminologies
• Open: It display box where you will select the store files.
• New: is a command that gives a fresh document or page
• Save: it is use to update a new changes made to that document
• Save as: is a command used to change the destination of document
• Copy: is a command used to have duplicate and the original text/object will remain
• Cut: is a command use to remove original text or object i.e to change the location of
text or object
• Print: is a command used to give you the hardcopy i.e printing paper work
• Print preview: it will show you the preview before printing

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 Launching method into Ms Word 2007
✓ Click on start on task bar
✓ Click on all programs
✓ Click on Ms Office suit 2007
✓ Click on Ms word 2007

Features of Ms Word 2007

1. Title bar: It displays the name of application package you open and the file name of
current document, if it has been saved.
2. Tab list: It contain the program commands such as Home, Insert, Page layout,
References, Mailing, Review View e.t.c and each Tab list consist of related sub
commands that can be use to perform some task on our document
3. Office button: It contain some command using in the document such as save, open, print
e.t.c
4. Page: simply knows as the working environment where text or object can be display
5. Status bar: It provide you the information about the document open i.e it display the
properties of your working area
6. Quick access toolbar: It consists of icon where each action represents a short cut to
some commands
7. Ruler: It use to change the format of your document quickly i.e for measurement
8. Scroll bar: It allow you to see the hidden part of your document either vertically or
horizontally
9. Zoom slider: It use to magnify the page

How to create a document

Whenever you start Ms Word, it open a new document window for you and gives it default
name “document 1” on the title bar

How to save a document

✓ Click on Office button
✓ Click on save as
✓ On d option display type your file name to be save
✓ Click on save

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 How to Auto recover a document
When you are working, you might forget to save regularly. This means that you might lose
your work from the last time you saved if the application closes unexpectedly. Word
provides an automatic save feature that you can set to ensure that your documents are
saved regularly
✓ Click on office button
✓ Click on save as (from the option appear)
✓ Click on tools drop down arrow
✓ Click on save option
✓ Set your desire minutes
✓ Click on save

How to open a document

Opening a document means that you are retrieving it from the location on the disk where
you saved it. You open an existing document to make changes to the content, reprint the
document and save the document
✓ Click on Office button
✓ Click on open
✓ Locate file name and select it
✓ Click on open

Ways of inserting text on a page

1. By auto text: It shows by default
2. by Text box: it use to insert preformatted text
3. By word art: it use to insert a decorative text to your document

Document views
1. Page layout: it shows the document as it will look when it is printed. It’s generally
recommended to be use
2. Outline: it display the document in outline form heading
3. Web layout: It optimizes the document for online viewing (viewing document in a
browser way)
4. Full screen reading: It show or display your page in a full screen

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 Formatting of Text
1. Font: this specifies a latin text font, i.e the outlook face of your text
2. Font size: It specifies a font size that ensures readability for most documents. The lowest
& highest size from size options are 8 & 72 respectively.
3. Font color: this specifies different paint or color for a text
4. Bold: this show the thickness of a text, it can be turn off and on
5. Italic: it use to make a text skew or slant
6. Underline style: it use to make an underscore or emphasize on a text
7. Strikethrough: this is a text effect use to draw a line through the selected text
8. Double strikethrough: it also a text effect use to draw a double line through the text
9. Superscript: this is a text effect use to raise the selected text above the baseline and
changes the selected text to a smaller font size
10. Subscript: this is a text effect use to lower the selected text below the baseline and
changes the selected text to a smaller font size
11. Shadow: it is a text effect use to add a shade to the right of the selected text
12. Outline: it is a text effect use to display the inner and outer borders of each character
13. Line spacing: use to increases or decreases the gap between line text

Alignment is way of positioning your cursor within the margin (left, center, right and justify)
✓ Highlight the text
✓ Click on Home form tab list
✓ Select your desire align from Paragraph option

Indent: it determines the distance of space occurs between line i.e movement of text within
a line
✓ Highlight the text
✓ Click on Home form tab list
✓ Select your desire indent (increase or decrease) from Paragraph option

Page set up: it uses to set the size and orientation paper of your document
✓ Click on page layout from Tab list
✓ Click on Arrow from page setup option
✓ Click on margin tab (to set the orientation & margin)
✓ Click on paper tab (to choose paper size) and Click on Ok

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 How to insert pages
✓ Click on Insert tab from Tab list
✓ Click on blank page from pages group

How to apply page numbering

✓ Click on insert tab from Tab list
✓ Click on page number from Header & footer group
✓ Click on format page number
✓ Choose your desire format
✓ Click on Ok

Superscript and subscript refer to number/text that are positioned slightly higher or slightly
lower than the text on the line
✓ Highlight the text
✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on side arrow from font group
✓ Click on superscript or subscript (to be marked)
✓ Click on Ok

How to apply Naira sign

✓ Highlight the text
✓ Click on Home from Tab list
✓ Click on side arrow from font group
✓ Click on double strikethrough (to be marked) and Click on Ok

Page border: is the act of beautifying the edge of document with different objects or symbol
✓ Click on page layout tab from Tab list
✓ Click on page borders from page background group
✓ Select your desire style or click on Art-drop down arrow to choose others custom effect
and Click on Ok

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 Page color: is the act of beautifying the page of document with different colors
✓ Click on page layout tab from Tab list
✓ Click on page color from page background group
✓ Select your desire color

Watermark: It use to insert a ghosted text behind the content of a page. This is often use to
indicate that a document is to be treated specially such as confidential.
✓ Click on page layout tab from Tab list
✓ Click on watermark from page background group
✓ Click on custom watermark
✓ Click on text watermark and set other parameter
✓ Click on apply and Ok

Bullets and numbering: It is a way of itemize the list of item on the document. When you
are creating report and other business documents, you might want to group information so
that important sections stand out for the reader. You can organize and draw attention to
lists by adding bullets and numbers
✓ Highlight the text
✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on arrow beside bullet icon from paragraph group
✓ Select your desire bullet or customize if necessary

Change case: is command use to switch alphabet letter from small letter to capital letter,
verse-versa
✓ Highlight the text
✓ Click on Home tab from tab list
✓ Click on change case from font group
✓ Select your desire style

Column: simply means split or break a single column document into numbers of column
✓ Highlight the text
✓ Click on page layout tab from Tab list

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 ✓ Click on column from page set up group
✓ Click on more columns (to set the parameter)
✓ Click on Ok

Drop cap: it use to create a large dropped initial capital letter, which use to begin a
document i.e making first letter on a line to be large and occupy more than one lines.
✓ Highlight the first letter on a paragraph
✓ Click on insert tab from tab list
✓ Click on drop cap from text group
✓ Click on drop cap option
✓ Click on dropped and Click on Ok

Text wrap: it enables you to wrap text easily around pictures, shapes and tables with any
position or style that you want i.e separate text around object on the document
✓ Draw the object to be wrapped & select it
✓ Click on page layout from Tab list
✓ Click on text wrapping
✓ Click on Square or tight style

Header & footer: A header consists of text or graphics appear at the top of every page in the
document while footer appears at the bottom of every page. Header footer often contains
page numbers, chapter title, dates and author name.
✓ Click on insert tab from Tab list
✓ Click on header or footer from header & footer group
✓ Click on edit header or edit footer
✓ Type your desire text on the text box appear
✓ Click on close or double click on your page

How to insert symbol

✓ Click on insert tab from Tab list
✓ Click on symbol from symbols group
✓ Click on more symbols
✓ Click on font (to select webdings or wingdings)

23
 ✓ Select your desire symbol
✓ Click on insert and close

How to Insert clip art

✓ Click on insert tab from Tab list
✓ Click on clip art from illustration group (an option appear at right side)
✓ Type the object to search for click on GO
✓ Select the object if found

Formatting of language tools

Spelling & grammar: it uses to specify for a word, the method is useful if you want to
postpone proofing a document until after you finish editing it. You can check for possible
spelling and grammatical problems and then confirm each correction
✓ Click on Review tab from Tab list
✓ Click on spelling & grammar from proofing group
✓ Amend the proofing one after the other

Thesaurus: It provides alternatives or synonyms for the words. You can use the thesaurus
feature to find another word with the same or similar meaning to substitute a word in a
document.
✓ Click on Review tab from Tab list
✓ Click on thesaurus from proofing group
✓ Type d word on d option appear at d right side
✓ Click on go or press enter key

Translate: as it implies, it can translate from one language to another

✓ Click on Review tab from Tab list
✓ Click on Translate from proofing group
✓ Type the word to translate on the option appear at the right side
✓ Choose language to translate
✓ Click on go or press enter key

24
 Find: it allow you to quickly search for a specific word within you document
✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on find from editing group
✓ Type the text to find
✓ Click on find next

Replace: it allow you to change/replace text e.g “Kye” with “Key”

✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on replace from editing group
✓ Type the text to find and replace
✓ Click on replace or replace all

Go-to: In a long documents, it can be difficult and time consuming to move to a specific
location in the document but Go To command helps you move accurately to that specific
page, line, or other part of the document.
✓ Click on home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on find from editing group
✓ Click on go-to
✓ Type the page or line to go-to
✓ Click on go-to

Word count: it use to find out the numbers of words, character, paragraphs and line in the
document
✓ Click on Review tab from Tab list
✓ Click on word count from proofing group

Tables: A table is made up of rows and columns with the intersection called cells which you
can fill with text and graphics, it is an excellent way to present information in a column
layout.

25
 Ways of creating table
1 By drawing method, Steps
• Click on insert tab from Tab list
• Click on table from table group
• Click on draw table, begin to draw to your taste

2. By inserting method, steps

• Click on insert tab from tab list
• Click on table from table group
• Click on insert table
• Type your desire no of columns &rows,
• then Click on Ok

Insert more columns

✓ Click on layout tab from tab list
✓ Click on insert left or insert right from rows & columns group

Insert more rows

✓ Click on layout tab from tab list
✓ Click on row above or row below from rows & column group

Deleting of rows, columns or table

✓ Click on layout tab from tab list
✓ Click on delete from rows & columns group
✓ Click on delete columns/delete rows/delete table

Merge cells: It is a command used to combine more than one columns, rows or cells
together in a single column, row or cell
✓ Range the no of columns, rows or cells
✓ Click on layout tab from tab list
✓ Click on merge cells from merge group

26
 Split cells: is the act of dividing a single column, row or cell into sub-section of columns,
rows or cells
✓ Click on the cell, column or the row
✓ Click on layout tab from tab list
✓ Click on split cells from merge group
✓ Type no of rows or columns to be split

Text direction: it allow you to change the text orientation within the table in horizontal or
vertical
✓ Range or select the row/column
✓ Click on layout tab from tab list
✓ Click on text direction from alignment group

Mail merge: It is the act or command use to show the same body of letter with different
addresses in a page
✓ Click on mailing tab from tab list
✓ Click on Select recipients from start mail merge group
✓ Click on type a new list
✓ Fill the necessary information in the table or customize it
✓ Click on Ok and save it.
✓ Click on insert merge field arrow from write & insert field group
✓ Click on the field name one after the other
✓ Click on preview result from preview results group

Saving with password

✓ Click on office button
✓ Click on save as (option box appear)
✓ Click on tools drop down arrow
✓ Click on general option
✓ Type your desire password twice
✓ Click on Ok and re-type it as no require

27
 Converting ms word 2007 to word 97 – 2003
✓ Click on office button
✓ Locate to save as & click on word 97 – 2003 document
✓ Type your document name
✓ Click on save

1st Exercise for the week

1. Type N50, make it size 43, Dark red color, Calibri body font style, four on a line in two
lines and apply Double strike through on each letter N.
2. Type X2 in capital X, make it size 45, Dark blue color & Tahoma font style, four on a line in
two lines & apply superscript on each figure 2.
3. Type 10 different universities in Nigeria then apply a nice bullet to all
4. Apply a nice border to your page(s)

2nd Exercise for the week

1. Narrate a story and type it on a page, size 14 & Berlin San font style, centralize the
heading with color red and justify the body with color blue.
2. Apply two columns effect on body of the story
3. Apply drop cap effect to occupy 4 lines

3rd Exercise for the week

1. Insert a table that contain 5 columns and 6 rows on a page and insert a similar symbol
that can represent from alphabet A – Z
2. With the uses of header and footer, type your full name on top of d page & your batch at
the bottom

28
 More than 50 short cut on Ms word

Press Function Press Function

Ctrl+A Highlight All text Shift + arrow ➔ Highlight by letter

Ctrl+B Bold text Ctrl + Shift + arrow➔ Highlight by word

Ctrl+C Copy text Ctrl + Shift + arrow Highlight by line

Display font box / Duplicate selected

Ctrl+D Ctrl + Shift + > Increase font size
object

Ctrl+E Center align Ctrl + Shift + < Decrease font size

Ctrl+F Find words or text Crtl + ] Increase font size 1 point

Ctrl+G Go-to page or line Ctrl + [ Decrease font size 1 point

Ctrl+H Replace words or text Ctrl + 1 Single line spacing

Ctrl+I Italic Ctrl + 2 Double line spacing

Ctrl+J Justify text Ctrl + 5 1.5 line spacing

Ctrl+K Hyperlink Ctrl + 0 Remove line spacing

Ctrl+L Left Align Ctrl + Shift + D Double underline text

Ctrl+M Paragraph Ctrl + = Subscript

Ctrl+N New document Ctrl + Shift + = Superscript

Ctrl+O Open document Ctrl + Shift + G Word count

Ctrl+P Print document Ctrl + F1 Minimize/restore Ribbon

Ctrl+Q Remove margin or tab F1 Help

Ctrl+R Right Align F5 Go-to

Ctrl+S Save document F7 Spelling and grammar

Ctrl+T Tab F12 Save as

Ctrl+U Underline text Shift + F7 Thesaurus

Ctrl+V Paste text or object Shift + F3 Change case

Ctrl+W Close document Alt + Ctrl + P Print layout view

Ctrl+X Cut text or object Alt + Ctrl + O Outline view

Ctrl+Y Redo action Alt + Ctrl + N Draft view

Ctrl+Z Undo action Alt + F4 Close application

29
 Manual for

30
 Spreadsheet Package
(Ms Excel 2007)

A spreadsheet is an electronic worksheet used to organize and manipulate numbers and

display options. The electronic spreadsheet has rows and columns stored in the computer’s
memory and displayed on the screen. Examples of spreadsheet package are Ms Excel, Open
Office Calc, Zoho sheet, Gnumeric, Spread32, Quattro pro, Multiplex, Lotus 123 e.t c

Microsoft Excel is one of the most popular and powerful spreadsheet applications currently
on the market. Ms Excel 2007 provides powerful tools and features that you can use to
organize, analyze, and manage your data with ease. It has several parts, the worksheet area
of the Ms excel has heading across the top (A – XFD) and row heading down the left hand
side (1 – 1,048,576).

Advantages of Ms Excel 2007

1. It improve the performance of Ms Excel
2. The memory management has been increased from 1 GB of memory in Ms Excel 2003
to 2 GB in Ms Excel 2007
3. It enables you to explore massive amounts of data in worksheets
4. Ms Excel 2007 also supports up to 16 million colors.
5. It has new look for chart
6. It use to create budgets, report and chart
7. It helps you to fill your intending document

Terminologies
• workbook: It is a file that contains one or more worksheets that you can use to organize
various kinds of related information
• Worksheet: is the working area where your data can be organized, we have three
worksheets by default in a workbook but you can insert more.
• Cells refer as d intersection between row & column, and it holds a unit of information
• Range: to highlight two or more cells on a sheet in adjacent or nonadjacent
• Active cell refer to the cell in use at a particular time
• Value: it refer as a number in a cell

31
• Cell pointer: it indicates where data is to be entered or changed in the worksheet.
• Copy: is a command used to have duplicate and the original text/object will remain
• Print: is a command used to give you the hardcopy i.e printing paper work
• Print preview: it will show you the preview before printing

Launching method
✓ Click on start on task bar
✓ Click on all programs
✓ Click on Ms Office 2007
✓ Click on Ms Excel 2007

Features of Ms Excel 2007

1. Title bar: It displays the name of application package you open and the file name of
current document, if it has been saved.
2. Tab list: It contain the program commands such as Home, Insert, Page layout,
References, Mailing, Review View e.t.c and each Tab list consist of related sub
commands that can be use to perform some task on our document
3. Formula bar: It display the content of the active cell, especially the formula used in an
expression
4. Name box: It display or show the name of the active cell
5 Scroll bar: It allows you to see the hidden part of your document either vertically or
horizontally.
6. Worksheet: it simply known as the working environment where text or object can be
display
7. Status bar: It provide you the information about the document open i.e it display the
properties of your working area
8. Quick access toolbar: It consists of icon where each action represents a short cut to
some commands
9. Office button: It contain some command using in the document such as save, open, print
e.t.c
10. Zoom slider: It use to magnify the page

32
How to create a workbook
Whenever you start Ms Excel, it open a new worksheet window for you and gives it default
name “book 1” on the title bar

How to save a workbook

✓ Click on Office button
✓ Click on save as
✓ On d option display type your file name t 2be save
✓ Click on save

How to open a workbook

✓ Click on Office button
✓ Click on open
✓ Locate file name & select it
✓ Click on open

Inserting text on a worksheet

On the worksheet, click on cell then type the numbers or text that you want.
Note: if you want two lines or more on a single cell press Alt + enter key on keyboard

Merge cells
It is a command used to combine more than one columns, rows or cells together in a single
column, row or cell. When you merge two or more adjacent horizontal or vertical cells, the
cells become one large Cell that is displayed across multiple columns or rows.
✓ Range the no of columns, rows or cells
✓ Click on Home tab from tab list
✓ Click on merge cells from alignment group

Inset more rows, columns or worksheet

✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on insert from cell group
✓ Click on insert sheet rows, columns or sheet

33
Deleting of rows, columns or worksheet
✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on delete from cell group
✓ Click on delete sheet rows, columns or sheet

Increase & decrease row height & column width

✓ Select the row or column
✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on format from cells group
✓ Click on row height or column width from cell group
✓ Enter your desire figure & click on Ok

Hide & unhide a row, column or worksheet

✓ Select the row, column or sheet
✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on format from cells group
✓ Click on hide row, column or sheet
Note: The same as to unhide it

Renaming of worksheet
✓ Select the sheet
✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on format from cells group
✓ Click on rename sheet
✓ Type your desire name
✓ Click elsewhere

Applying a tab sheet color

✓ Select the sheet
✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on format from Cells group
✓ Click tab color and Select your desire color

34
Operators
Operators specify the type of calculation that you want to perform on the elements of a
formula. i.e sign or symbol that specify the type of calculation to perform within an
expression

Types of operators
1. Arithmetic operator: To perform basic mathematical operations such as addition,
subtraction, or multiplication; combine numbers; and produce numeric results, use the
following arithmetic operators e.g + - / *
2. Comparison operator: It is use to compare two values and produce a logical value. E.g
>=, <=
3. Reference operator: Combine ranges of cells for calculations with d following operators
e.g (:), (,)
4. Text concatenation: Use the ampersand (&) to join, or concatenate, one or more text
strings to produce a single piece of text
5. If statement: it’s a statement use to ascertain result from a particular set or group of
data

Reference: Is the act of working with data containing in a cell or arrangement of cell i.e it
identifies a cell or range of cells on a worksheet.
Types of reference
1. Relative reference: it has to do with the relative position of the cell containing formula
i.e if the position of the cell changes the formula will also change in relatively.
2. Absolute reference: is where by a formula is absolutely meant for the cell i.e if the cell
changes the formulas remain unchanged
3. Mixed reference: it has either an absolute column and relative row, or absolute row and
relative column. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes the relative
reference is changed and the absolute reference does not change.

Explanation of format cell

1. Number Tab: it use to specify a number format e.g currency, date & time, percentage,
decimal e.t.c it will show how document will look with the options you select.

35
2. Alignment Tab: it contain some formatting command such as text alignment, text
control like merge cells & text wrap
3. Font tab: it also consist other formatting option such as font style, font size, color, effect
like superscript and subscript
4. Border Tab: it use to apply a border to selected cell
5. Pattern Tab: it use to apply desire cell shading color
6. Protection Tab: it prevents select cells from being changed, moved, resized or deleted. It
has no effect unless the sheet is protected. To protect the sheet, click on review tab,
click on protect sheet from changes group, then type the password.

Sorting
Is the act of arranging range of cell in ascending (A – Z) or descending order (Z – A). Sorting
data is an integral part of data analysis. You might want to put a list of names in alphabetical
order, compile a list of product inventory levels from highest to lowest. Sorting data helps
you quickly visualize and understand your data better, organize and find the data that you
want, and ultimately make more effective decisions.
✓ Range the column or row to be sort
✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on sort & filter from editing group
✓ Click on your desire sort type

Filtering
It is a quick and easy way to find and work with a subset of data in a range of cells or table
column. Filtered data displays only the rows that meet criteria that you specify and hides
rows that you do not want displayed
✓ Range the field heading
✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on sort & filter from editing group
✓ Click on filter

36
Header & footer
A header consists of text or graphics appear at the top of every page in the document while
footer appears at the bottom of every page. Header footer often contains page numbers,
chapter title, dates and author name.
✓ Click on insert tab from Tab list
✓ Click on header or footer from header & footer group
✓ Click on edit header or edit footer
✓ Type your desire text on the text box appear
✓ Click on close or double click on your page

How to insert symbol

✓ Click on insert tab from Tab list
✓ Click on symbol from text group
✓ Click on font (to select webdings or wingdings)
✓ Select your desire symbol
✓ Click on insert and close

How to Insert clip art

✓ Click on insert tab from Tab list
✓ Click on clip art from illustration group (an option appear at right side)
✓ Type the object to search for click on GO
✓ Select the object if found

Text direction
It allow you to change the text orientation within the table in horizontal or vertical
✓ Range or select the row/column
✓ Click on Home tab from tab list
✓ Click on side arrow from alignment group
✓ Click on alignment tab
✓ Set the degree of orientation to ur taste
✓ Click on Ok

37
Comment
Is a note that you attach to a cell, separate from other cell content. Comment is useful as
reminders to you or to provide feedback to other users
✓ Click on cell that you want to add a comment
✓ Click on Review tab from tab list
✓ Click on new comment from comments group
✓ Type your comment on the text box appear & Click on alignment tab

To edit comment
✓ Select the cell that contain the comment
✓ Click on Review tab from tab list
✓ Click on edit comment from comments group
✓ Edit your comment on the text box appear & Click on alignment tab

To remove comment
✓ Select the cell that contain the comment
✓ Click on Review tab from tab list
✓ Click on delete from comments group

Chart
It helps you display your data in ways that are meaningful to your audience. Chart is visually
appealing & make it easy for users to see comparison and patterns in a data.
✓ Range the data you want on the chart
✓ Click on Insert tab from tab list
✓ Click on column form chart group
✓ Click on your desire chart

Type of Chart
1. Column chart: is the data that is arranged in columns or rows on a worksheet can be
plotted in a column chart. Column chart is useful for showing data changes over a period
of time for illustrating comparisons among items.

38
2. Line chart: can be display continuous data over time, set against a common scale, and
are therefore ideal for showing trends in data at equal intervals.
3. Pie chart: show the size of items in one data series, proportional to the sum of the items.
The data point in a pie chart are displayed as a percentage of the whole pie.
4. XY scatter: show the relationship among the numeric values in several data series, or
plot two groups of number as one series of XY coordinates.

How to add line border to a sheet

✓ Range the no of cells
✓ Click on Home tab from Tab list
✓ Click on side Arrow from alignment group
✓ Click on border tab
✓ Click on outline & inside
✓ Click on Ok

Password: It is use to prevent or restrict other user from your workbook or worksheet, it
can contain any combination of letters, numbers & symbols which up to 15 characters long.
Password is case sensitive

Saving with password

✓ Click on office button
✓ Click on save as (option box appear)
✓ Click on tools drop down arrow
✓ Click on general option
✓ Type your desire password twice
✓ Click on Ok and re-type it as no require.

39
Some general formula
Concatenation =(B5&” “&C5)
Addition =sum(D4,E4,F4) OR =sum(D4:F4)
Average =average(D4,E4,F4) OR =average(D4:F4)
Grade =if(total>=70,”A”,if(total>=60,”B”,if(total>=50,”C”)))…
Basic sal =(annual sal /12)
Ret. Ben =if(yr in ser>=5,%given*Bas sal,….
Allowance =(%given*basic sal)
Income tax =(%given*basic sal)
Gross pay =sum(basic sal + all d allowances)
Net pay =sum(gross pay – income tax)

Exercise 1
Mr. Akebaje bought some items listed below
Items Units Cost Price Selling Price
1. White board maker (6) N230 N280
2. Software (4) N350 N380
3. Mouse (7) N45 N65
4. Electric socket (3) N470 N530
5. Electric bulb (10) N35 N50
6. Projector (7) N240 N350
7. Digital camera (4) N700 N9,500
8. Nokia slide (10) N9,500 N12,000
9. Calculator (6) N550 N680
10 Standing fan (5) N2,800 N3,500
Calculate: The Total Cost Price, the Total Selling Price, and the Income. Bold the entire field
heading with color blue and rename the worksheet to Income also Plot a chart of income
against items

Exercise 2
Design student record that will contain 25 students information, with these field heading:
S/no, F_name, L_name, Gender, State, Religion, Tribe, Test 1 , Test 2, Exam, Total, Grade,
Remark
1. Combine the F_name & L_name to create concatenation column.
2. Generate the marks in the sense that
3 students will fail 2 students will have fair
7 students will have pass 4 students will have credit
6 students will have good 3 students will have distinction
3. Add comment on any student record that fail, explain why he/she failed

Exercise for the week 3

Use Ms Excel to solve this equation
1. Y = 2X2 + X2 – 3
Find the value of Y when X is (-4 to 4)
Plot a graph that show the relationship of X & Y
2. Y = 3X2 + X3 – 3
Find the value of Y when X is (-2 to 4)
Plot a graph that show the relationship of X & Y.

40
 Manual for

41
 Database Package
(Ms Access)
Microsoft access is a relational database package which basically meant to create, manage,
organize, update and store data for long period of time. Ms Access 2007 provides a powerful
set of tools that allow you to quickly start tracking, reporting, and sharing information in a
manageable environment.

Advantages of Ms Access 2007

1. It helps you share, manage, audit and back up information
2. Ability organize and view the data in different ways & also work with data from many
data source
3. It use to gather and share information easily and securely
4. It create reports to suit your business needs
5. It helps support and ensure the accuracy and integrity of your information

Terminologies
• Template: it is a predesigned database complete with professionally designed tables,
forms, and reports. Templates give you a big head start when you create a new database.
• Record: A group of information about a given person, product or event
• Field: each category or piece of information within a record. The field are the
“placeholder” for the actual data to be stored within the database.
• Data type: it tells Access the type of data the field will contain
• Datasheet view: it display the view that allow user to enter raw data into your database
table

Launching method
✓ Click on start on task bar
✓ Click on all programs
✓ Click on Ms Office 2007
✓ Click on Ms Access 2007

42
When you start Office Access 2007, the first screen that appears is the Getting Started with
Ms Office Access page (unless you started Access by double-clicking a specific Access
database file, in which case that database opens instead). The Getting Started with Ms
Office Access page is the starting point from which you can create a new database, open an
existing database, or view featured content from Ms Office Online

Database
A database is a tool for collecting and organizing information that related to a particular
subject or purpose. Databases can store information about people, products, orders, or
anything else.
✓ From the getting started with Ms Access page
✓ Click on blank database
✓ Type a file name for the database
✓ Click on create from Blank database pane (Access creates the database, and then opens
an empty table name “Table 1” in datasheet view)

Features
1. Office button: It contain some command using in the document such as save, open, print
e.t.c
2. Title bar: It displays the name of application package you open and the file name of
current document, if it has been saved.
3. Tab list: It contain the program commands such as Home tab, create tab, external data
tab, database tools tab, design tab and each Tab list consist of related sub commands
that can be use to perform some task on our document
4. Quick access toolbar: It consists of icon where each action represents a short cut to
some commands

Four main Database object are

• Table: are the main elements in a database. They are where all the specific data
information is stored. All the other objects work off of the data in the tables.
• Queries: is the method of asking the database a question. It is used to re-organize or
extract specific records (data) from the table(s).

43
• Form: is the method of making the database interactive via the computer screen. Forms
can provide a graphical interface for adding/retrieving information to/from tables.
• Reports: it is a printed form of output from the database. It may include all records from
the tables, or specific records according to a query.

Tables
A database table is similar in appearance to a spreadsheet, in that data is stored in rows and
columns. A table contains data about a particular subject, such as employees or products.
Each record in a table contains information about one item, such as a particular employee

Ways of creating tables

By entering data: you can define the field directly in the new table or open the table in
design view
✓ Once you are in the database window,
✓ click on create tab from tab list
✓ click on table from tables group
✓ enter the data value one after the other
✓ rename d field i.e column name one after the other
✓ click on office button
✓ click on save or press ctrl + S

By table template: it is a predesigned database complete with field for common subject such
as contact, asset, e.t.c
✓ Once you are in the database window,
✓ click on create tab from tab list
✓ click on table template from tables group
✓ select your desire template
✓ begin to fill the data value
✓ save it

44
By design view: you can add the field, set indexing option and perform other advance table
design task

How to create table in design view

✓ Once you are in the database window,
✓ Click on create tab from tab list
✓ Click on table design from tables group
✓ Type in ur field name, data type & set appropriate field properties
✓ Click on save & close it

Features of design view

1. Field name: It use to type your desire field name e.g s/n, names, gender, state e.t.c
2. Data type: It tells access the type of data the field will contain.
3. Description: it allows the user to enter a details description of each field.
4. Field properties: it is an environment where we customize & design the do’s & don’t of
database

Explanation of Data type

1. Text: accepts & display in4matn in both alphabetic and numeric value; it is limited to
225 characters
2. Number: it accepts and display numeric value
3. Auto number: it use to generate automatically numbering
4. Date & time: it simply use to represent data in a date & time format
5. Memo: It accepts alphanumeric character, it hold more data than text field
6. Currency: it use to represent data in currency format
7. Attachment and OLE object: it is use to insert or represent data inform of picture or
signature
8. Hyperlink: it use to represent data in an internet command e.g e-mail or website
9. Lookup wizard: it use to create a lookup column, which displays a list of value you can
choose from.

45
Explanation of field properties
1. Field size: It use to set maximum size for data stored in the field
2. Format: It use to design/customize the way the data value of a particular field appear
3. Input mask: it use to set the pattern for all data to be entered in a particular field
4. Caption: it use to give label about a particular field.
5. Default value: it displays a value that is automatically entered when new records are
added.
6. Validation rule: it is expressions that limit the value of the field. Example type this
statement StrComp(Ucase([L_name],[L_name],0)=0 means that data in a field named
must be Upper case
7. Validation text: it is an error message that appears when user violate the validation rule
expression
8. Text align: it determine the alignment of text in control

How to insert more field or record

✓ Once you are in the datasheet window of the table
✓ Right click on the area of that field or record
✓ Click on insert column or new record

How to delete field or record

✓ Once you are in the datasheet window of the table
✓ Right click on the area of that field or record
✓ Click on delete column or delete record

Hide and unhide columns

Hide columns means turn off a particular column on the table i.e not to show that column
while unhide column means turn on a particular column on the table.
✓ Once you are in the datasheet window of the table
✓ Right click on the column to be hide
✓ Click on hide column
Note: the same procedure for unhide too

46
Freeze and unfreeze column
You can freeze one or more of the columns (field) on a datasheet so that it become the
leftmost columns.
✓ Once you are in the datasheet window of the table
✓ Right click on the column to be freeze
✓ Click on freeze column
Note: any freeze column cannot be deleted until you unfreeze it

Sort
Sort is act of arranging data in ascending order (A – Z) or descending order (Z – A)
✓ Once you are in the datasheet window of the table
✓ Right click on the column to be sort
✓ Click on the ascending or descending order

Filter
Filter is a set of criteria applied to data in order to display a subset of the data at a particular
time.
✓ Once you are in the datasheet window of the table
✓ Click on the column to be filter
✓ click on home tab from tab list
✓ click on filter from sort & filter group
✓ Click on text filter
✓ Click on equals
✓ Type your desire criteria to meet
✓ Click on ok

Formatting of Datasheet
This will allow user to design the datasheet using to his/her tasty i.e is the act of beautifying
your datasheet view such as cell effect, border & line style, background color
✓ Once you are in the datasheet window of the table
✓ click on home tab from tab list
✓ click on font

47
✓ click on side arrow beside font group
✓ set your desire parameter design
✓ click on ok

Types of views
1. Datasheet view: is the visual representation of the information contained in a database
table.
2. Design view: it display the view that allow you to enter field name, data type, description
into you database table, just like sitting at a workbench surrounded by useful tools.
3. Pivot table view: It a view that summarizes and analyze data in a database table
4. Pivot chart view: It is a view that show graphical analysis of data in a database table

Table relationship
After you’ve set up different tables for each subject in your Ms Access database, you need a
way of telling Ms Access to bring that information back together again. The first step in this
process is to define relationships between your tables.
Table relationship is the act of linking tables together in order to access the information in a
quick format that gives you access to view the second table information in the first one

Condition of table relationship

✓ the two tables must exist
✓ there must be one variable common within the two
✓ information must be continuous
✓ primary key must be set before any relationship

Primary key
A primary key is a set of columns from a table that are guaranteed to have unique values for
each row of the table. A primary key is also called primary constraint, because it effectively
constraint the value you can add to the table.
A primary key is used to set/customize the uniqueness and integrity of a field in a database
table

48
How to set primary key
✓ Once you are in the datasheet window of the table
✓ Click on home tab from tab list
✓ click on view and click on design view
✓ right click on field to set as unique
✓ click on primary key
✓ save it and close it

How to create table relationship

✓ click on datasheet tab from tab list
✓ click on relationship from relationship group
✓ add your tables from show table show table to relationship environment
✓ drag the unique field from the first table to the second table
✓ click on create and save it

Queries
Queries use to generate fact and analyze data from the database; queries are real
workhorses in a database and can perform many different functions.

Ways of creating queries

Query wizard: it gives you a direction or options on how to create queries
✓ Once you are in the database window,
✓ click on create tab from tab list
✓ click on query wizard
✓ click on ok
✓ add your desire available field
✓ click on next twice (to add query title)
✓ click on finish

Query design: you can add the field, set indexing option and perform other advance query
design task
✓ Once you are in the database window,

49
✓ click on create tab from tab list
✓ click on query design (it will display a show table)
✓ add the tables to query environment and close
✓ drag the field from table one after the other to query field
✓ then save and close

Forms
Form is the method of making the database interactive via the computer screen. Forms can
provide a graphical interface for adding/retrieving information to/from tables

Ways of creating forms

form wizard: it gives you a direction or options on how to create forms
✓ Once you are in the database window,
✓ click on create tab from tab list
✓ click on more forms from forms group
✓ click on form wizard
✓ add your desire available field
✓ click on next (to select layout type)
✓ click on next (to select style)
✓ click next (to add form title)
✓ click on finish

forms design: In form design view, you can make advanced design to forms such as adding
custom control type and writing codes
✓ Once you are in the database window,
✓ click on create tab from tab list
✓ click on forms wizard from forms group
✓ click on add existing field from tools group
✓ click & drag d field from table one after d other
✓ set it to your taste
✓ save it, the close

50
How to add label to a form or report
✓ After creating the form, open it in design view
✓ click on label icon from controls group
✓ click & drag it on the header side of the form
✓ then type your desire text
✓ format it to your taste, save it & close

How to add logo to a form or report

✓ After creating the form, open it in design view
✓ click on image icon from controls group
✓ click & drag it on where to place the logo
✓ then select the file logo from the saving box
✓ click on open, save it & close

Report
A report is an effective way to present your data in a printed format. This is use to carry out
the final analysis of the database and display the information in a page format for printing

Ways of creating forms

report wizard: it help you to create simple and customize report
✓ Once you are in the database window,
✓ click on create tab from tab list
✓ click on report wizard
✓ add your desire available field
✓ click on next
✓ click on next
✓ click next (to add report title)
✓ click on finish

report design: In form design view, you can make advanced design to forms such as adding
custom control type and writing codes
✓ Once you are in the database window,

51
✓ click on create tab from tab list
✓ click on report wizard from forms group
✓ click on add existing field from tools group
✓ click & drag d field from table one after d other
✓ set it to your taste
✓ save it, the close

52
 Manual for

53
 Presentation package
(Ms Power point)
A presentation program is a software program that helps create a slide show that addresses
a topic. Microsoft power point is an application package use to add life to a lifeless object or
text. Presentation program are often used in business and schools for discussing a topic or
for teaching. Many times, users who use presentation programs also use a projector to
project the slide show up on a screen that everyone can easily view. Examples of
presentation program that can be used include Ms power point, iwork keynote on the
Apple, Open office imprest, slide rocket, kingsoft presentation, prezi presentista, Kpresenter
e.t.c

Terminologies
• Slide: This is referred to as our working area/environment i.e where text or object can be
displayed.
• Presentation: It is referred to as a file in Ms Power point where all files are designed and
kept.
• Template: Is a file or set of files that contains information about the theme, layout and
other elements of a finished presentation.
• Placeholders: are boxes with dotted borders that are part of all slide layout.
• WordArt: It is used for fancy text effects; it can stretch, skew, curve and rotate your text.

Launching method
✓ Click on start button
✓ Click on all programs
✓ Click on Ms office suites 2007
✓ Click on Ms power point 2007

Features
1. Title Bar: It displays the name of the application package you open and the file name of
current presentation, if it has been saved.

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2. Ribbon: It contains the program commands such as Home, insert, Design, Animation,
Slideshow, Review, View and each command that can be used to perform some task on
our presentation.
3. Office button: It contain some commands used in the presentation such as Save, Save as,
Open, Print e.t.c
4. Slide: Simply known as the working environment where text or object can be displayed.
5. Status Bar: It provides you with information about the currently open presentation.
6. Quick Access Toolbar: It consists of icons where each action represents a shortcut to
some commands.
7. Ruler: It is used to change the format of your presentation quickly.
8. Scroll Bar: It allows you to see the hidden part of your presentation.

Creating a Presentation
Creating a presentation in Ms power point involves starting with a basic design, adding new
slide and content, choosing a layout and modify the slide design if you want to modify the
color scheme.

Ways of creating presentation

• Blank presentation: To start with slide that has minimal design and no color apply to
them.
• Design Template: It base your presentation on a template that already has a design
concept i.e using a readymade background.
• Template: It gives you a starting point and makes it easier to complete your presentation
quickly. You can modify a template’s text and design.
• Existing Presentation: This bases your presentation on one that you have already written
and designed.

Style output of presentation

• Onscreen Presentation: You can use all of the Ms Power point special effects and
features to make an onscreen electronic presentation exciting and complete. Presenting

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 in large room by using by using a monitor or project is the most common way of
delivering a presentation.
• Online Presentation: You can design your presentation specifically for the world wide
web or internet by publishing it as a web page using the Ms Net meeting program with
power point allowing you to share a presentation and exchange information with people
at different sites in real time as if everyone were in the same room.
• Overhead Transparency: It is based on printing your slide as black and white.

Views in Ms Power point 2007

Power point has three main views, of which you can select a view based on these views to
be your default view in power point.
• Normal View: This is the main editing view, where you write and design your
presentation. This view has four working areas- Outline tab, Slide Tab, Slide Pane, Note
Pane.
• Slide Sorter: This is used to view your slides in thumbnail form.
• Slide Show View: This takes up the full computer screen, like an actual presentation. You
can see how your timings, graphics, animation effects and transition effects will appear
during the actual presentation.

Full Screen Slide Show Type

From Beginning: This allows the presentation to start slide show from the first slide. (F5)
Current Slide: This allows the presentation to start slide show from the current slide
selected. (Shift + F5)

How to insert a new slide into a presentation

✓ Click on Home Tab
✓ Click on new slide from slide group or press Ctrl+M

How to change layout of a slide in a presentation

✓ Click on home Tab
✓ Click on layout Tab
✓ Select your desired layout

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Slide orientation
This means switching the slide orientation between portrait and landscape
✓ Click on design Tab
✓ Click on slide orientation drop down arrow
✓ Select portrait or landscape

How to delete a slide in a presentation

✓ Select the particular slide to be deleted
✓ Click on home tab
✓ Click on delete from slide group

How to add color to a slide

✓ Select the particular slide, if not all
✓ Click on design Tab
✓ Click on background styles
✓ Click on format background
✓ Choose your desire background from ( Solid, Gradient or Texture)
✓ Click on close or apply to all

Hide and unhide slide

When you run a presentation, you might want to hide some slides that are not need during
the slide show instead of deleting the slide from the presentation, you can hide it during the
full screen slide show.
✓ Select the particular slide
✓ Click on slide show tab\
✓ Click on hide slide
Note: the same way to unhide it

Ms power point effects

This simply means a way of adding movement action to an object in a slide or slides. i.e
adding life motion to a lifeless object or text. There are two types of effect

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Animation effect: this is a type of effect applying to the object or content of a slide so that
you can animate individual object in a slide.
✓ Click on animations tab
✓ Click on custom animation select the content to add effect to in the slide
✓ Click on add effect
✓ Click entrance type
✓ Click on more effect
✓ Select your desire effect
✓ Click on OK
Note: set to after previous from “start” drop down arrow at the right side

Transition effect: Transitions are special effect that are added to a slide to indicate a new
section of a presentation or to emphasize a certain slide. Transition can be view during a full
screen slide show and can be set for the entire presentation or for each individual slide, you
can choose from a variety of transition and vary their speed.
✓ Click on animation tab
✓ Select the particular slide
✓ Choose your desire transition effect
Note: one transition effect can be apply to all the slides by apply to all

How to set slide automatically after each other

✓ Click on animation tab
✓ Click on “On mouse click” to be unmark
✓ Click on automatically after to be marked
✓ Set your desire minutes or seconds
Note: it can be apply to all slides or set different time to each slide

Loop continuously
It is use to set advanced option for your slides. i.e making all the slides to be showing
continuously until you press ESC key
✓ Click on slide show tab
✓ Click on set up slide show

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✓ Click on loop continuously until esc
✓ Click on OK

Adding a sound to presentation

✓ Click on insert tab
✓ Click on sound drop down arrow from media clip group
✓ Click on sound from file or from clip organization or from playing CD
✓ Select your desire track file
✓ Click on open

About photo album

Ms power point allows you to add multiple picture from your hard disk, scanner, digital
camera or web cam to your photo album.
✓ Our Click on insert tab
✓ Click on photo album
✓ Click on new photo album
✓ Add your desire picture from file or disk
✓ Choose your choice of picture layout and frame shape
✓ Click on create

Update photo album

✓ Open the photo album you want to make changes to
✓ Click on insert tab
✓ Click on photo album
✓ Click on edit photo album
✓ Make your changes photo album dialog box
✓ Click on update

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 Graphics Package
(Corel draw)

Graphics software is a program or collection of programs that enable a person to

manipulate visual images on a computer. Examples of graphics package are Corel Draw,
Microsoft Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Autodesk 3D studio max e.t.c
Corel Draw is an intuitive graphics design application that gives designers a more enjoyable
work experience. CorelDraw is built and designed to meet the demand of today’s working
designer to create such as posters, fliers, handbill e.t.c
Corel corporation goal is to give consumer and enterprise customers the ability to create,
exchange and instantly interact with visual contact that is always relevant, accurate and
available.

Title bar

Standard tool bar Menu bar

Ruler Property bar

Toolbox

Drawing page

Drawing window

Document
navigator Navigator

Terminologies
• Template is a set of styles and page layout settings that govern the layout and
appearance
• Object is an element in a drawing such as image, shape, line e.t.c
• Drawing is the work you create in CorelDraw e.g logo, poster artwork e.t.c
• Flyout is a button that opens a group of related tools or menu items
• Docker is a window contain available command & setting relevant to a specific tool

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• Paragraph text is a type of text to which you can apply formatting option and which can
be edited in large blocks
• Artistic text is a text to which you can apply special effects to such as shadow, extrude,
contour e.t.c
• JPEG is a standard format developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group, allowing
the transfer of files between a wide variety of platforms, using superior compression
techniques.

Launching method
✓ Click on start on the task bar
✓ Click on all programs
✓ Click on Corel draw suit
✓ Click on Corel draw version

Application Window
• Title bar: is the area displaying the title of the currently open drawing
• Menu bar: is the area that containing pull-down options
• Property bar: is a detachable bar with commands that relates to the active tool
• Standard tool bar: a detachable bar that contains shortcut to menu & others
• Color pallete: is a dockable bar that contain color swatches
• Rulers: it used to determine the size and position of objects in a drawing
• Toolbox: is a floating bar with tools for creating, filling, and modifying object
• Drawing page: it is the printable area of your work
• Drawing window: is the area outside the drawing page boarder
• Document navigator: is the area at button left of the application window that contains
controls for moving between pages
• Navigator: is a button at the bottom right corner that opens a smaller display to help you
move around a drawing.

Description of toolbox
1. Pick tool use to select and size, skew, and rotate objects.

61
2. Shape tool use to edit the shape of objects.
3. Knife tool lets you cut through objects.
4. Eraser use to remove areas of your drawing.
5. Smudge brush tool use to distort a vector object by dragging along its outline.
6. Roughen brush tool use to distort the outline of a vector object by dragging along the
outline.
7. Free transform it give u free rotation of any object.
8. Virtual segment delete tool use to delete portions of objects that are between
intersections.
9. Zoom tool use to change the magnification level in the drawing window.
10. Hand tool use to control part of the drawing to visible in the drawing window.
11. Pen & Polyline tool use to draw lines and curves in preview mode.
12. Freehand tool use to draw single line segments and curves.
13. Bézier tool use to draw curves one segment at a time.
14. 3 point curve tool use to draw a curve by defining the start, end, and center points.
15. Artistic media tool provides access to the Brush, Sprayer, Calligraphic, and Pressure
tools.
16. Dimension tool use to draw vertical, horizontal, slanted, or angular dimension lines.
17. Connector tool use to join two objects with a line.
18. Smart drawing tool use to draw lines and convert it to smooth.
19. Rectangle tool use to draw rectangles and squares.
20. Ellipse tool use to draw ellipses and circles.
21. Polygon tool use to draw symmetrical polygons and stars.
22. Spiral tool use to draw symmetrical and logarithmic spirals.
23. Graph paper tool use to draw a grid of lines similar to that on graph paper.
24. Basic shapes tool it allow you to choose from a full set of shapes, including hexagram, a
smiley face
25. Text tool use to type words directly on the screen as artistic or paragraph text.
26. Interactive blend tool lets you blend two objects.
27. Interactive contour tool lets you apply a contour to an object.
28. Interactive distortion tool use to apply a Push or Pull, a Zipper, or a Twister distortion to
an object.

62
29. Interactive envelope tool lets you distort an object by dragging the nodes of the
envelope.
30. Interactive extrude tool lets you apply the illusion of depth to objects.
31. Interactive drop shadow tool lets you apply a drop shadow to an object.
32. Interactive transparency tool lets you apply transparencies to objects.
33. Outline tool allow you to choose line size or format
34. Fill tool it allows you set the fill properties. E.g. uniform, fountain, pattern, texture or
postscript
Note: for shape tool to work on any rectangle it must be converted to curve

How to convert object to curve

✓ Select the rectangle
✓ Click on arrange on the menu bar
✓ Click on convert to curve OR press ctrl + Q

Note: to apply color from color pallete, left click on any color work for fill i.e inner part of
the object while right click on any color works for outline of any object.

Examples of Interactive tool effect are

Contour Extrude

Distortion Envelop

CLASSIC Shadow Transparency

Blend

63
Page Set up
This allow you to specify the size, orientation and background of your drawing page
✓ Click on layout menu
✓ Click on page set up
✓ Set your desire paper size parameter and Click on OK

How to insert pages

✓ Click on layout menu
✓ Click on insert page
✓ Type numbers of pages to insert and Click on OK

How to rename page

✓ Click on layout menu
✓ Click on rename page
✓ Type the page name and Click on OK

Align and distribute

CorelDRAW lets you precisely align and distribute objects in a drawing. You can align objects
to each other and to parts of the drawing page such as the center or edges. When you align
objects to objects, you can line them up by their centers or by their edges.
✓ Select the objects together
✓ Click on arrange on the menu bar
✓ Click on align & distribute
✓ Click on align & distribute
✓ Select your align parameter
✓ Click on apply & close

Group and ungroup

When you group two or more objects, they are treated as a single unit. It allows you to
apply the same formatting, properties, and other changes to all the objects within the group
at the same time.
✓ Select the objects together

64
✓ Click on arrange on the menu bar
✓ Click on group or ungroup

Lock and unlock

When an object is lock it will remain static
✓ Select the objects together
✓ Click on arrange on the menu bar
✓ Click on lock or unlock

Weld and Trim

Trimming creates irregularly shaped objects by removing object areas that overlap.
✓ Select the objects, by hold d shift key
✓ Click on arrange on the menu bar
✓ Click on shaping
✓ Click on trim

Weld use to combine more than one object together to create one object with a single
outline.
✓ Select the objects, by hold d shift key
✓ Click on arrange on the menu bar
✓ Click on shaping
✓ Click on weld

Import and export

Import means opening file created in other application, you can import a file and place it in
the active application window
✓ Click on file from menu bar
✓ Click on import
✓ Locate and select the file to be import
✓ Click on import

65
Export means save images to a variety of file formats that can be used in other applications.
You can also export a file so that it is optimized for use with a suite of office productivity
application, such as Ms Word
✓ Click on file from menu bar
✓ Click on export
✓ Type the file name to export
✓ Click on export

Order Object
You can change the stacking order of objects on your drawing by sending objects to the
front or back, or behind or in front of other objects. You can also position objects precisely
in the stacking order, as well as reverse the stacking order of multiple objects.
✓ Select the object to be ordered
✓ Click on arrange from menu bar
✓ Click on order
✓ Select your desire order method

Break Apart
It us to separate any objects that has been combined together. If you break apart a
combined object that contains artistic text, the text breaks apart into lines first, then into
words.
✓ Select the combined object or the text
✓ Click on arrange from menu bar
✓ Click on break apart or (ctrl+K)

Barcode
✓ Click on Edit from menu bar
✓ Click on insert barcode
✓ Select your desire type of barcode
✓ Type in numeric value required
✓ Click on next for parameter settings
✓ Click on next for properties settings, Click on finish

66
Example of barcode

Mirror: lets you create a horizontal or vertical mirror image of an object

Before After
✓ Select the object
✓ Click on arrange menu
✓ Click on transformation
✓ Click on scale
✓ Select your desire mirror horizontally or vertically
✓ Click on apply

Page curl
✓ Draw a rectangle object and select it
✓ Click on Bitmap menu
✓ Click on convert to bitmap (on the option appear set the color and other parameter)
✓ Click on Ok and Click on Bitmap again
✓ Click on 3D effect then Click on Page curl
✓ Set the parameter to your taste
✓ click on Ok

Example of page curl object

67
Power clip
A way of arranging objects that lets you contain one object inside another. An object
created by placing objects (contents objects) inside other objects (container objects). If the
contents object is larger than the container object, the contents object is automatically
cropped. Only the contents that fit inside the container object are visible.

How to apply a power clip

✓ Select the object or the text to be clip
✓ Click on effect menu
✓ Click on power clip
✓ Click on place inside the container
✓ Then click the pointer/cursor on the shape

Before After

How to remove clipped object

✓ Select the clipped object or the text
✓ Click on effect menu
✓ Click on power clip
✓ Click on extract contents

How to edit clip content

✓ Select the clipped object or the text
✓ Click on effect menu
✓ Click on power clip
✓ Click on edit content (edit it to your taste)
✓ Click back on effect menu
✓ Click on power clip
✓ Click on finish editing this level

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Fit text to path
Corel draw treats text fitted to a path as one object, however you can separate the text
from the object, then the text retains the shape of the object to which it was fitted.
After you fit text to a path, you can adjust the text’s position relative to that path. For
example, you can place the text on the opposite side of the path, or you can adjust the
distance between the text and the path.

How to fit text to path

✓ After typing the text, select it with the object with the shift key e.g (The Redeemed
Church) with circle
✓ Click on Text menu
✓ Click on fit text to path
✓ Set the other parameter from the property bar, such as Vertical placement, Text
placement, distance from path and place the other side

em ed C
de
h ri s
T he Re

tia n

C
hu
rc h of Go
d

Example of fit text to path

How to save in Lower or Higher version

✓ Click on File menu
✓ Click on Save as (an option box appear)
✓ Click on the version drop down arrow (to select your desire version)
✓ Type your desire file name
✓ Click on save
Note: Saving in higher version e.g Version 12 can not be open in any lower version like
Version 11 downward BUT saving in lower version can open in any higher one

69
Designing calendar wizard
✓ Click on Tools menu
✓ Click on Visual basic
✓ Click on play
✓ Select calendar wizard from macros in drop down arrow
✓ Click on run (it display the calendar wizard view)
✓ Set your desire parameter for the calendar e.g calendar year, language, holidays, layout
and style e.t.c
✓ Click on generate, Ok and close

Some special drawing and procedure

1. NNPC edge logo

✓ Firstly, draw a perfect circle and a tiny vertical rectangle

✓ Select the two objects together and align them both vertical and horizontal to center
✓ Click out and re-select only the tiny rectangle
✓ Click on arrange menu
✓ Click on transform
✓ Click on rotate (an option appear at the right side)
✓ Set the degree of angle to rotate
✓ Click on apply to duplicate (as many as the tiny rectangle can round the perfect circle)
✓ Select every object together (by click and drag over it)
✓ Click on weld icon from property bar

70
 Adobe Pagemaker

Page-maker is the software of word processing package used for creating publication. it’s
otherwise known as Adobe, purposely for typesetting document.

Launching procedure
✓ Click on start on taskbar
✓ Click on all program
✓ Click on Adobe
✓ Click on Adobe page-maker

Terminology
• Template is a publication with a pre-built page design that you can use as is or as the
starting point to design your own publication.
• Edit story. Working in story editor is a convenient way to type or edit lengthy block of
text, but you won’t see most of the formatting tools.
• Open display a dialogue box where you will select the store files
• New is a command that gives a fresh document or page.
• Save is used to update any new changes made to document.
• Text block contains text you type, paste or import. You cannot see the borders of a text
block until you select it with the pointer tool.

Features of Page-maker window

1. Title Bar: It displays the name of application package you open and the file name of
current publication, if it has been saved.
2. Menu bar: It contains the program menu such as File, Edit, Layout, Element e t c. each of
the command on the menu bar consists of related sub-menu that can be used to
perform.
3. Standard tool bar: It displays some icons which are short cut to the menu bar command.
4. Margins: it appears at the centre of the window dotted or pink lines which refer to as
working area.

71
5. Toolbox: this includes tools for creating or editing objects.
6. Control palette: this provides commands for making precise changes tools for creating or
editing objects.
7. Colours and styles palette: these are used to add, delete and edit colours and styles.
8. Rulers help you align objects on the page.
9. Pasteboard stores items for later use.
10. Page icons show the master pages (L for left, and R for Right) and the regular pages in
the publication.

Creating a publication
✓ Click on file menu on the menu bar
✓ Click on new
✓ Select your desire paper size and orientation
✓ Click on OK

Saving your publication

✓ Click on file on the menu bar
✓ Click on save
✓ Type your file name
✓ Click on save

Opening publication
✓ Click on file on menu bar
✓ Click on open
✓ Select your file name
✓ Click on open

Explanation of tool box

1. Pointer tool to select, move and resize text objects and graphics.(F9)
2. Rotating tool to select and rotate objects
3. Line tool to draw straight lines in any direction.
4. Rectangle tool to draw squares and rectangles

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5. Ellipse tool to draw circles and ellipse
6. Polygon tool to draw polygons and point star.
7. Hand tool to scroll the page, or to preview and test hyperlinks.
8. Text tool to type, select and edit text.
9. Cropping tool to trim imported graphics.
10. Constrained line tool to draw vertical or horizontal lines.
11. Rectangle frame tools to create placeholder shape in rectangle format
12. Ellipse frame tools to create placeholder shape in ellipse or circle format
13. Polygon frame tools to create placeholder shape in polygon or point star format.
14. Zoom tool to magnify or reduce an area of the page.

Application of colour palette

✓ Highlight the text or select the object
✓ Click your desire colour from colour palette
Note: you can select stroke colour, fill colour or both stroke and fill from the top of colour
palette.

Inserting of pages
✓ Click on layout on menu bar
✓ Click on insert pages
✓ Type numbers of pages(s)
✓ Click on insert

Removing of page(s)
✓ Click on layout on menu bar
✓ Click on remove page
✓ Type page(s) to remove
✓ Click on OK

Document set up
✓ Click file on menu bar
✓ Click on document set up

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✓ Select your desire paper size
✓ Select your desire orientation,
✓ then Click on OK.

Master page
A master page typically contains basic design elements, such as headers, footers and page
numbers that are common to most or all pages in your publication. Master pages also
contain guides, ruler guides and margin guides. An icon representing the master pages
appears at the lower left corner of a publication window in layout view. The letters L and
R(for left and right)

Applying page numbering

✓ Click on master page at bottom left
✓ Select your text tool to type figure 1
✓ Highlight it & press Ctrl+Alt+P (it will change to right L)
✓ Copy & paste it to right side (it will change to R)

Applying Header and footer

✓ Turn to master page at bottom left
✓ Use text tool to type the message at top or down
✓ Copy & paste it to right side

Creating of note book

Note: Insert the up to 20 pages
✓ Turn to your master page
✓ Use your constrained line tool to draw vertical line at the top of the page
✓ Select the line and copy it
✓ Click on edit on menu bar
✓ Click on paste multiple
✓ Type copies of line to be duplicate/paste
✓ Limit the horizontal offset to zero
✓ You can change the vertical offset to 0.3, Click on OK.

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Formatting character
Character attribute determine how text looks on the page. Size, typeface, and character
width are a few of the attribute that can set in pagemaker. Most character formatting
options can be applied in several ways.

Change case is a command use to switch alphabet letter from small letter to capital, verse
versa
✓ Highlight the text
✓ Click on utilities on menu bar
✓ Click on plugs ins, Click on change case
✓ Select your desire case, Click on apply & ok

Apply superscript (x2) or subscript(log6)

✓ Highlight the text
✓ Click on type on menu bar
✓ Click on character
✓ Click on the position drop down arrow
✓ Select superscript or subscript, Click on ok

Apply bullets & numbering It is a way of itemize the list of items on the document
✓ Highlight the text
✓ Click on utilities on the menu bar
✓ Click on bullet & numbering
✓ Select bullet or number
✓ Choose your style, Click on ok

Column: simply means split or break a single column document into number of column.
✓ Type number of column you want
✓ Click on adjust layout to be marked, Click on ok
✓ Click on layout (to remove column guide)
✓ Click on copy master guides

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Drop cap: it use to create a large dropped initial capital letter i.e making a first letter on a
line to be large and occupy more than one line.
✓ Highlight the first letter in paragraph
✓ Click on utilities on menu bar
✓ Click on plug ins, click on drop cap
✓ type number of lines to drop
✓ click on apply & close

Text wrap: text wrapping breaks are used to separate text around object on the document
✓ Draw and select the circle or rectangle to be wrapped
✓ Click on element on menu bar, Click on text wrap
✓ Select your desire wrapped, then click on ok

Graphics and text object

Fill & stroke: Pagemaker drawing tools lets you create simple graphics to which you can
apply a stroke and fill to.
✓ Select the object
✓ Click on element on menu bar
✓ Click on fill & stroke set your desire parameter of fill & stroke, then Click on ok

Group means combine several object into a group so that the object are treated as a unit
while ungroup means separate any grouped object.
✓ Select the number of object to be grouped
✓ Click on element on menu bar
✓ Click on group

To ungroup
✓ Select the grouped object to be ungroup
✓ Click on element on menu bar
✓ Click on ungroup

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Lock & unlock: You can lock object in place in order to help preserve the design of your page
through all stages of production.
✓ Select the object to be lock
✓ Click on element on menu bar
✓ Click on lock

To unlock
✓ Select the object to unlock
✓ Click on element on menu bar
✓ Click on unlock

Import picture
✓ Click on file on menu bar
✓ Click on place
✓ Locate the file name
✓ Click on open

Attach content: It means sending or inserting a picture or jpeg object into any form of shape
like circle, rectangle or polygon
✓ Draw any frame tools shape from toolbox
✓ Select it with the picture together
✓ Click on element on menu bar
✓ Click on frame
✓ Click on attach content

Polygon settings
✓ Click on element on the menu bars
✓ Click on polygon settings
✓ Set the parameter to your desire
✓ Click on ok

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Applying a rounded corner
✓ Click on element on menu bar
✓ Click on rounded corner
✓ Select the picture file name
✓ Click on open
✓ Press enter to display it
✓ Select your desire rounded corner
✓ Click on ok

Calendar wizard
✓ Click on window on menu bar
✓ Click on plug ins pallete
✓ Click on show script, Click on template
✓ Double click on calendar wizard, Click on ok

Spiral pad
✓ Click on window on menu bar
✓ Click on plug ins pallete, Click on show script
✓ Click on template, Double click on spiral pad

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