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Chapter # 1 The nature of technology: Storing digital data

1.1 Digital data (Theory Chapter)

1.2 Reading Binary numbers (Theory Chapter)

1.3 Adding in binary (Theory Chapter)

Chapter # 3 Computational Thinking: Programming Languages

3.1 Make a simple calculator (Practical Chapter)

3.2 Input and output in Python

3.3 Make a Python program

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 Chapter # 1 The nature of technology: Storing digital data

1.1 Digital data (Theory Chapter)

1.1.1 People have stored data since ancient times. Give some ways in history how people
stored data. (K)
1.1.2 Differentiate between Data and Digital Data. (U)
1.1.3 Words and sentences are made up of different characters. Write some of them. (K)
1.1.4 The zeros and ones inside the computer can be used to store multiple values.
Mention them. (K)
1.1.5 Differentiate between Decimal and Binary number system. (U)
1.1.6 Find out the similarities between Decimal and Binary number system. (U)
1.1.7 Represent the word "Hello" in Binary code. (A)
1.1.8: Translate the following Binary Code into English. (A)
01001000 01101111 01101100 01100101
1.1.9: Explain why computers use Digital Data. (U)

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1.1.1 People have stored data since ancient times. Give some ways in history how people
stored data. (K)
Ans. Ways to Store Data: People store data in following ways:
❖ They developed printing so that they could store text and images in books.
❖ They developed vinyl records, tapes and then CDs to store and play music.
❖ In the modern world, people use computers to store and process data.

1.1.2 Differentiate between Data and Digital Data. (U)

Ans. Difference between Data and Digital data:
S. No. Data Digital Data
1. Data is basic facts & figure such as Digital data uses sampling to encode
name. number etc. the data.
2. Data is the raw material that can be Digital data is the electronic
processed by any computing representation of information in a
machine. format or language that a machine can
read & understand.
3. Text, figure, photos, numbers, E-books, websites, blogs, mobile phone
graph, prices, address, age and dates Apps, social media (face book, twitter)
are examples of data. are example of digital data.

1.1.3 Words and sentences are made up of different characters. Write some of them. (K)
Ans. Words and sentences:
❖ When we communicate in English, we use letters and numbers.
❖ We use 26 letters and 10 digits, zero to nine.
❖ We also use punctuation characters such as the comma and full stop. We combine these
characters to make words and sentences.

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1.1.4 The zeros and ones inside the computer can be used to store multiple values.
Mention them. (K)
Ans. The zeros and ones inside the computer: Every file stored on a computer is made up
of zeros and ones. A computer can use digital data files to store text, images, video or
audio.
Decimal and binary numbers
Decimal Binary

1 1
8 1000
18 10010
100 1100100

1.1.5 Differentiate between Decimal and Binary number system. (U)

Ans. Difference between Decimal and Binary number system:
S. No. Decimal number system Binary number system
1. Decimal numbers consist of Binary numbers are expressed or
combination ten digits or values from represented by the combination of only
0 to 9 (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9). 2 digits or values 0 (zero) and 1 (one).
2. It can be expressed in terms of It can be expressed in terms of powers
powers of 10. of 2.
3. Examples of decimal number is 25. Examples of decimal number is 11001.

1.1.6 Find out the similarities between Decimal and Binary number system. (U)
Ans. Similarities between Decimal and Binary number system:
S. No. Decimal number system Binary number system
1. The decimal number system can be The binary number system can be
represented as both integer and represented as both integer and
fraction components. fraction components.
2. The value of digit in given decimal The value of bit depends on the
number depends on the position of position of bit from exponent point.
digits binary from decimal point.
3. Example: 101.010. Example: 5.25.

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1.1.7 Represent the word "Hello" in Binary code. (A)

Words Binary Code

H 01001000
e 01100101
l 01101100
l 01101100
o 01101111

1.1.8: Translate the following Binary Code into English. (A)

01001000 01101111 01101100 01100101

Binary Code Words

01001000 H
01101111 o
01101100 l
01100101 e

1.1.9: Explain why computers use Digital Data. (U)

Ans. Computer use digital data: A microprocessor is called a digital device because it can
only understand the two switch positions - on and off. The on and off positions can be
shown as 1 and 0 in binary. That is why a digital microprocessor can read digital data.

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Chapter # 3 Computational Thinking: Programming Languages

3.1 Make a simple calculator (Practical Chapter)

3.1.1 State Program and Programming Languages. (K)
3.1.2: Write the names of the Developers who developed Python and Scratch(K)
3.1.3: Show program requirements with an example. (K)
3.1.4: Define operators and Arithmetic operators with their symbols. (K)
3.1.5 State Algorithm. (K)
3.1.6: Write an Algorithm to add two numbers. (A)
3.1.7 Define interface and visualize inputs and outputs on interface. (K)
3.1.8 We use sprite in Scratch interface for both input and output. Give some inputs and
outputs which can be shown through sprite. (K)
3.1.9: Define Variables. (K)
3.1.10: List two ready-made variables of Scratch. (K)
3.1.11: Create variables in Scratch Programs. (A)
3.1.12: Set the Starting Event of your program and perform the following. (A)
❖ Find the event block that says "When this Sprite Clicked"
❖ Drag the block into the script area at the center of the screen
3.1.13: Write a program and recall the following steps: (A)
❖ Use the ask block to get user input
❖ Set the value of a variable
❖ Use Operator blocks
❖ Use the say blocks to show output

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Definitions:
1. Program: A computer program is a sequence or set of instructions in a programming
language for a computer to execute commands.
2. Programming languages: The languages that are used to write a program or set of
instructions are called "Programming languages".
3. Types of Programming languages: Programming languages are broadly categorized into
three types:
❖ Machine level language
❖ Assembly level language
❖ High-level language.
4. Introduction to Python:
Language: High-level language
Developer: Guido van Rossum in 1991
Released on: Feb, 20, 1991
5. Introduction to Scratch:
Language: High-level, block based, Visual Programming language
Audience: Primary children Age (8-16)
Created by: Kindergarten group of MIT Media Lab
6. Operators: Operators perform function for Programming Language.
7. Arithmetic Operators: There are four Arithmetic Operators.

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8. Algorithm: An algorithm is a procedure used for solving a problem or performing a
computation.
9. Interface: Every program has interface. The interface is how the user interacts with the
program.

11. Output: from

10. Input: to program can program can include:
include:
►screen display, including
►touching a screen words and colours
►clicking with a mouse ►sounds, including spoken
►typing on a keyboard words and sound effects
►movement of objects

12. Sprite: A sprite is an object or character in Scratch that can be programmed to perform
actions based on scripts in a project using blocks.
13. Getting Input: We can make a sprite ask a question in a speech bubble. A box appears
for the user input.
14. Showing Output: We can make the sprite say outputs in speech bubbles.
15. Program requirements:
Before plan and make a program, we need to know:
1. Arithmetic Operators 2. Variables
Example: For example, the user enters two numbers. The user selects an arithmetic
operator (add, subtract, multiply or divide). The program output the result of the user’s
chosen calculation.
16. Write an algorithm to add two numbers.
Ans. There are three variables are mentioned in the algorithm.
► number 1 ►number 2 ►Result
Algorithm:
input number 1
input number 2
result = input number 1 + input number 2
output the result

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