SHS

General Mathematics
Quarter 1-Week 7 Module 22:
Solving Exponential Equation,
Functions and Inequalities
General Mathematics 11
Quarter 1- Week 7 Module 22: Solves Problems Involving Exponential
Functions, Equations, And Inequalities

First Edition, 2020

COPYRIGHT 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mary Joy C. Acebes

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Layout Artist: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D.

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D., CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D., EPS in Charge of LRMS

Erlinda M. Dela Peña, Ed.D., EPS in Charge of Mathematics

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

 SHS
General
Mathematics
Quarter 1-Week 7 Module 22
Solving Exponential Equation,
Functions and Inequalities
 This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Target This provides you the skills or

competencies you are expected to
learn in the learning material.
Jumpstart This introduces the lesson
through varied activities like an
activity, games, graphic
organizer, problem opener, song,
or a situation.
Discover This gives a brief discussion of
the lesson. It intends to help you
discover and understand new
concepts and skills.
Explore This includes activities for
independent practice to intensify
your understanding of the topic
and to harness your skills.

Deepen This provides activities which will

encourage you to apply your new
knowledge or skills into real life
situations.
Gauge This is a task which aims to
evaluate your level of mastery in
achieving the desired learning
competency.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of resources used in

developing this module

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Jumpstart before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Target

Exponential function can be seen everywhere which can

be used to represent real life situations like the growth of
today’s population, interest rate in a bank account, how fast
bacteria can grow or decay, and even the rate of increase or
decrease of a virus in a pandemic.

Looking at the bright side of learning exponential

functions, the skills you will learn on how to solve problems
involving exponential function, equation, and inequalities, can
help you predict one’s behavior, plan your finances, and even
learn your business income in the future.

In your previous lesson, you are able to determines the

intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of an exponential function.
These terms are needed to visualize the graph of the said function to better
understand its concepts.
This learning material will provide you with information and activities that will
deepen your understanding about Exponential Equations and Inequalities.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
Learning Competency:

 solves problems involving exponential functions, equations, and inequalities.

(M11GM-Ig-2)
Subtasks:
1. State the One-to-one Property of Exponential Functions.
2. Explain different ways of solving exponential equation and inequalities.
3. Solves real-life problems involving exponential functions, equations, and
inequalities.

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer
the pretest on the next page in a separate sheet of paper.

1
 Jumpstart

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following activities. Have
fun and good luck!

Activity 1: The Hidden Message

Directions: Cross-out the box that is not an exponential function, equation or
inequalities. Then write the remaining letter that shows correct example of
exponential function, equation or inequalities in the space provided below.

H I P W E

+
႘+ h + +
႘ ␘ h+ ႘ + +
႘㌠ u +㌠ ႘

L E O V H

␘႘+ ul u +㌠ ‫ݕ‬ ␘ ႘+ h h
႘ + u l㌠

I S N E E
+ ␘ u
u l㌠ u + h u ႘

F M G V L
␘ ␘ u
u +3 + u ႘ l + u

E A T H O
h l h+
+ u ႘ + ␘ ␘ +␘ h+ ႘ + u ‫ݕ‬

Q1. What is the hidden message? (Tip: Jumble the letters to form words)
_______ _______ _______ _______ ______ _______ _______ ______ ______
Q2. How did you identify exponential functions, equations and inequalities from
other equations?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2
Activity 2: Directions: Read and analyze carefully the following statement and
answer the questions that follows.

Solving exponential functions, equations, and inequalities, requires

background knowledge in expressing a certain value (base number) in its
exponential notation.
Example: The number 16 (base) can be expressed as an exponential notation
␘+ or +␘ since 4·4 = 16 and 2·2·2·2 = 16 respectively.

Q1. Which of the following is the correct exponential notation of 64?

+
A. ␘ B. +l C. D. both A and C
Q2. Which of the following is the correct exponential notation of 81?
+ ␘
A. B. C. D. both A and B
Q3. Which of the following exponential notations is equivalent to 256?

A. +␘ and ␘ B. +l and l C. + and ␘ D. + and ␘␘

Q4. What could be the base of 27 when expressed in exponential equation that is
the same also with 9 when expressed in its exponential equation?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 d. 5

Q5. If 16 can be expressed into +␘ , what will be your exponent with that same base
that is equivalent to 64?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 d. 6

Activity 2: Read it First!

In solving exponential functions, equations, and inequalities, we must
consider the following property below:

 One-to-one Property of Exponential Functions

㌠
For any real numbers, ⫾ ⫾ and ㌠ where ‫ ݕ‬,b ⫾ ႘ if and only if
႘㌠

The stated property of exponential functions explains that when an

exponential equation has the same base on each side, the exponents must be equal.
It also applies when the exponents are algebraic expressions. In this way, we can
solve exponential equations by applying the rules of exponents to express each side
as a power with the same base.

Solving an Exponential Equation with A Common Base

1. Use the rules of exponents to simplify, if necessary, so that the resulting

equation has the form ႘ ㌠.
2. Use the one-to-one property to set the exponents equal to each other.
3. Solve the resulting equation, ႘ ㌠, for the unknown.
3
Example 1: Solve the equation ++ u+
႘+ ul

Solution:

++ u+ ႘ + ul ---- It has the same base which is 2.

+ u + ႘ u l ---- Apply the one-to-one property of exponents
+ h ႘ l h + ---- Solve for x
႘ ---- Final answer

Exponential Equation with Unlike Bases

Example 2: Solve the equation u+ ႘ +
1. Rewrite each side in the equation as a power with a common base.
Solution:
2. Use the rules of exponents to simplify, if necessary, so that the resulting
equation hasu+ the form ႘ ㌠.
႘+ ---- Rewrite 27 as an exponential notation to have
3. Use the one-to-one
u+
property to set the exponents equal to each other.
႘
4. Solve the resulting equation, xthe
= y,same base
for the 3 at both sides of the equation
unknown.
u+႘ ---- Apply the one-to-one property of exponents
႘ h + ---- Solve for x

u+
Example 2: Solve the equation ႘+
Solution:
u+
႘+ ---- Rewrite 27 as an exponential notation to have
u+
႘ the same base 3 at both sides of the equation
u+႘ ---- Apply the one-to-one property of exponents
႘ h + ---- Solve for x
႘h ---- Final answer

Exponential Inequalities

Property of Exponential Inequalities

 For any real numbers, ⫾ ⫾ and ㌠ where ‫ ݕ‬, the exponential function
㌠
㌠႘ is increasing for all x. This means that if and only if ㌠
 For any real numbers, ⫾ ⫾ and ㌠ where , the exponential
function ㌠ ႘ is decreasing for all x. This means that ‫ ݕ‬㌠ if and only
if ㌠

Example 3: Solve the inequality l h l␘

Solution:
h l␘
l ---- It has the same base which is 5.
(Since the base is 5>1, the direction of the
inequality is retained
h ␘ ----
␘u ---- Solve for x
h ---- The solution set is h

4
 + + u+
Example 4: Solve the inequality
Solution:
+ + u+
----
+ +ሺ+ u+
---- Rewrite each side as a power with base
+
since =

(Since the base is 1, the direction of the

inequality is reversed)
+ + + u+ ---- Simplify and solve for x
+ ␘ u␘
h␘ ␘ h+
h␘ +
h ---- The solution set is h
Activity 3:
A. Direction: Solve the following exponential equations. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on the space provided before the number. Show your solution in a
one whole paper.

_______1. l+ ႘ +l a. 1 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7
_______2. + ႘ + a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5
h
_______3. ␘ ႘ ␘ a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

_______4. ␘l ႘ + u␘
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5
+ u + hl
_______5. ႘␘ a. 4 b. 5 c. 7 d. 8
h
h␘
_______6.
␘
႘␘ a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5

␘
ul
_______7. ႘ a. -1 b. -2 c. -3 d. -5

B. Direction: Solve the following exponential inequalities by finding the solution set.
Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before the number.
Show your solution in a one whole paper.
h
_______8. + ‫ݕ‬ a. ‫ݕ‬ c. ‫ݕ‬
b. ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬h d.

h + u+
_______9. ‫ݕ‬+ a. + + c. ‫ݕ‬h + ‫ݕ‬h +
b. + + d. h+ h+
u␘
+
a. h h c. ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬

b. d. h h

5
 Discover

Exponential Function and Equation

Exponential function has a variety of real-world phenomena where it can be
modeled to solve certain problems especially when a percent of a quantity changes
by overtime stays constant. In this lesson, we will discover how to solve a certain
situation that increases as a function of time.
Example 1. A certain isotope with a half-life of 20 hours is present at time t=0 with
320 grams. How much time will have elapsed when only 10 grams remain?
+
Solution: The amount of the isotope after t hours 320
+
+
320 = 10 Exponential Equation
+
+
320 +
= 10 Divide both side by 320
320 320
+ l l
+
= +
Rewrite as as base
+
+
=5 Solve for
+

႘ h૚૚ Final Answer

Therefore, 100 hours will elapse to have only 10 grams.
Example 2: Cobalt-60 is a substance used in manufacturing. It has a half-life of
5.3 years. If an old sample of 32 grams has now decayed to 2 grams, how much
time has passed?
l
Solution: The amount of the substance after t years 32
+
l
32 +
=2 Exponential equation
l
32 +
= 2 Divide both sides by 32

32 32
l +
+
= Simplify +
into
l ␘
+
= +
Rewrite as the same with +

l
=4 Solve for

႘ h Thus, 21.2 years have passed since ႘

6
Example 3: The half-life of Zn-71 is 2.45 minutes. At = 0, there were ㌠ grams of
Zn-71, but only of this amount remains after some time. How much time has
passed?
+ ␘l
Solution: The amount of Zn-71 in the substance is ㌠ +

+ ␘l
= Exponential equation
+

+ ␘l
= Rewrite as the same with
+ + +

+ ␘l
=3 Solve for

႘h Thus, 7,35 minutes have passed since ႘

 Exponential Growth
Consider the following:
႘ u where ႘ ݅ ݅ ݅ൌ ݅݅
႘ ݅ ݊ ሺൌ݊݅ ൌ݅ ൌ
႘ ൌ݊

Example 4: Sherry started to have chain of online business that operated 100
stores nationwide since 2018. If the rate of increase is 9% annually, how many
online stores does her business operate in 2027?
Given: A = 100 r = 9% --- 0.09 t = 9 ---- 2027 – 2018 = 9 years
stores A =

Solution: ႘ u

႘ u

႘
႘ ሺ+
႘ hh hૠ hh Thus, there will be 217 online stores in year 2027.

Example 5: There is a small town in Region I that has a population of 750 in year
2015 and it increases at an annual rate of 12%. Find the number of population (P)
in the said town in year 2021.
Given: A = 750 r = 12% --- 0.12 t = 9 ---- 2015 – 2021 = 9 years
stores A =

7
Solution: ႘ u

႘ l u +

႘ l +
႘ ሺ +
႘ h⫾ ૚ h h ૚
Thus, a population of 1480 is present in year 2021.

Example 6: A sample contains 500 counts of bacteria which doubles every 30

minutes. At this rate, how many counts of bacteria will there be in 4 hours?
In this problem, since its grows double, use the following formula:
㌠ ႘ ݅ሺ where ݅ ႘ initial amount
႘ n i l ൌ ݅ ݊h+ ݊h
႘ ሺ݅ ሺ ൌ݊
Given: ݅ ႘ 500
႘ + ሺൌ ݅ ݊
ൌ ݅݅ ݊
႘ ሺ݅ ሺ ൌ݊ --- (2)(4) n႘ l ݅ ႘ ႘+
ൌ ݅݅ ݊
Solution:
ሺ݅ ሺ
㌠ ႘ ݅ሺ
㌠႘l ሺ+ ሺ+ ሺ␘
㌠႘l ሺ+ ሺ
㌠႘l ሺ+l
㌠႘ + ⫾ Thus, there will double into 128,000 bacteria in 4 hours.

 Exponential Decay
Consider the following:
႘ h where ႘ ݅ ݅ ݅ൌ ݅݅
႘ ݅ ݊ ሺൌ݊݅ ൌ݅ ൌ
႘ ൌ݊

Example 7: A radioactive substance decays at a rate of 2.5 % per hour. What

percent of the substance is left after 8 hours?
Given: A=100 r = 2.5% --- 0.025 t=8
(original amount)

Solution: ႘ h

႘ h +l

l l
႘
႘ l+⫾ ሺ ␘␘
႘ ૚h Therefore, 44.013% of the substance is left after
8 hours.

8
Example 8: You buy a new model of smartphone (C) for Php 52,000.00. Its value
depreciates 7% every 6 months. How much is the smartphone worth after 5 years?
Given: A=52,000 r = 7% --- 0.07 t = 10

Note: (6 months = 1 period)

Since 1 year = 2 periods
Solution: ႘ h 2 years = 4 periods
႘ l+ h 3 years = 6 periods2
4 years = 8 periods
႘ l+ 5 year = 10 periods
႘ l+⫾ ሺ l
႘ ⫾h h ૚ Therefore, after 5 years the smartphone will
worth Php 25, 167.08

 Compound Interest
Consider the following:
݅
႘ u݅ where ႘ ݅ൌ ݅݅ ݅ ݊ ㌠݊݅
႘ ݅݅ ݅ ݅ൌ ݅݅ ݅ ݊ ݊ൌ
႘ ݅݊ ݊ ݅݊
݅ ႘ ݅ ݅ ൌ ݅݅ൌ ݅n ݊ ൌ ݊݅݅l ㌠݊݅
႘ ݅ ㌠݊݅

Example 9: Jano puts Php5,000.00 in a savings account that has 5% annual

interest compounded monthly. At this rate, how much money will be in the account
after 10 years?
Given: A =? P = 5,000 r = 5% --- 0.05 n = 12 t = 10

Solution: ႘ u
݅ Note: n = 12 (monthly)
l ሺ + ሺ n = 4 (quarterly/every 3
႘l u + months)
႘l ␘ + ሺ +

႘l ሺ ␘
႘ ⫾ ૚ h Thus, Jano will have Php 8,235.047 in his account
after 10 years
Example 10: Mica wants to have a Php 30,000 to buy a brand-new laptop after 3
years. She invested in a bitcoin trading with an average of 9% rate interest each
year compounded quarterly. How much should she deposit in her bitcoin account?
Given: A = 30,000 P =? r = 9% --- 0.09 n=4 t=3

9
Solution: ႘ u
݅

ሺ␘ ሺ
႘ u
␘

++l ሺ +
႘
႘ ሺ l Divide both side by 1.30605
႘ ⫾ ૠh૚ ૚ Thus, Mica initially deposited Php 22,970.02 in
her bitcoin account.

Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson

Assessment 1: Fix Your Problem!

Direction: Read and analyze the following problem and write your solution and
final answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. The half-life of Silver-42 is 42 seconds. There were ㌠ grams at first but only
6.25% of this amount remains after some time. How much time has passed?

2. Supposed 576 grams of Carbon-14 with a half-life of 5730 years is present at t=0.
How much time will elapse when only 18 grams remain?

3. A sample of bacteria contains 650 counts which triples every 15 minutes. In this
rate, how many counts of bacteria will there be in 2 ½ hours?

4. Find the number of population of 450 animals that increases at an annual rate
of 3% after 5 years.

5 A residential lot was purchased in 2012 for Php 150,000.00. If the value of the lot
increases by 2% each year. What will be the lot be worth in the year 2021?
6 Supposed the cost of a smart tablet is worth Php 7,500. Its value depreciates 6%
every 4 months. How much is the tablet cost after 3 years?

10
7. You deposited Php 8,000.00 in your savings account that earns 3.5% annual
interest compounded quarterly. What will be your account balance after 8 years?

8. A certain type of bacteria with 1920 grams has a half-life of 25 hours. How much
time will pass to have only 30 grams?

9. A 32 grams of radioactive substance will decay by 2 grams in 2 years. What is

the half-life of the said substance?

Deepen

At this point, create your own design of a brochure about your own online
investment and certain a radioactive substance. The content of your brochures
should contain the information as indicated in the following given.
The scoring rubric is also shown in the next page in assessing your outputs.
What you need:
Construction paper/Oslo Paper, marker, any coloring materials
What you need to do:
1. Using the materials given, design your own brochure that market your two
outputs. You can insert a picture in it and a brief introduction. Indicated also in
your brochure are the following information.
* Brochure 1: Online Investment
Capital = Php 2,000.
Expected increase after 3 years if its interest rate is:
a.) 2% compounded monthly
b.) 3.5 % compounded quarterly
c.) 7% compounded annually
* Brochure 2: Radioactive Substance
A radioactive substance with a half-life of 32 hours at t = 0. Find the
number of time elapsed when:
a.) of this amount remains after t = 0
␘
b.) Only 17 grams remain, if there are 2176 grams at t = 0
c) Only 23 grams remain, if there are 736 grams at t = 0

2. Make it creative and resourceful. You must able to answer the given above to be
able to put that important information in your brochure.

3. Write your solution on in your problem in a separate coupon bond.

11
 Rubrics for Scoring the Output
Needs
Excellent Good Satisfactory
Improvement
(5 points) (4 points) (3 points)
(1-2 points)
The brochure The brochure The brochure
The brochure
portrays correct portrays does not
portrays correct
content and some parts demonstrate
Content content and
some parts have that have clear content
organization of
organization of correct with wrong
ideas.
ideas. content solution.
The brochure
Only
The brochure The brochure shows lack of
resourcefulne
Creativity shows creativity shows creativity creativity and
ss/creativity
/Design and and with lack of lack of
is shown in
resourcefulness resourcefulness resourcefulnes
the brochure
s
Final output
required
Final output
Final output more Final output
looks
looks decent and revisions and looks unrefined
Final professional
with the and the
Output with
understandable content/conc content is not
understandable
content. ept were not clearly stated.
content.
clearly
demonstrated

12
 Gauge

Directions: Read carefully each item. Use a separate sheet of paper for your
answers. Write only the letter of the best answer for each test item.

_______1. In solving exponential functions, equations, and inequalities, what

property must follow?
a. Exponential Property c. Exponential Inequality Property
b. One-to-one Property d. both b and c
_______2. What must to be considered first in solving exponential inequalities?
a. Solve for x.
b. Apply the power of exponents.
c. Apply immediately the one-to-one property of exponents.
d. Rewrite each side in the equation as a power with a common base.
_______3. When the base of the exponential inequality is less than one, what are
you going to do with the direction of the inequality sign?
a. Reverse the direction.
b. Retained the direction.
c. Make a way to increase the value of the base.
d. None of the above.
_______4. A certain isotope has a half-life of 3.5 minutes. At present time (t=0),
there were ㌠ grams of that isotope, but only 25 % of this amount remains
after some time. How much time has passed?
a. 5 minutes c. 7 minutes
b. 6 minutes d. 8 minutes
_______5. You buy a new computer for Php 48,000 for your online class. The
computer decreases by 50% annually. When will the computer have a
value of Php 21,000?
a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 3 years d. 4 years
_______6. The half-life of a certain bacteria is 2.45 minutes. At present there were
㌠ grams of that bacteria, but only +
of this amount remains after
some time. How much time has passed?
a. 17 minutes c. 17.15 minutes
b. 17.6 minutes d. 20 minutes
_______7. A given 1600 grams of isotope has a half-life of 32 hours. How much
time it will decay to have only 25 grams remain?
a. 24 hours c. 172 hours
b. 56 hours d. 192 hours
_______8. How much time is needed for a sample of gallium-67 to lose +
of its
original amount? Gallium-67 has a half-life of 80 hours.
a. 480 hours c. 680 hours
b. 560 hours d. 720 hours

13
_______9. Anton purchased a new house for his family worth Php 172,000.00. Its
value increases 2% annually. How much is house worth after 6 years?
a. Php 139,699.05 c. Php 193,699.94
b. Php 159,699.05 d. Php 139,799.05
_______10. You decided to deposit Php 3,000.00 in a savings account for your
college tuition fee that has 6.5% annual interest compounded quarterly.
At this rate, how much money will be in your account after 5 years?
a. Php 4,131.259 c. Php 4,010.00
b. Php 4,141.259 d. Php 4,000.00

14
References
Printed Material:
Department of Education. (2015). Lesson 14: Solving Exponential Equation and
Inequalities, General Mathematics Learner’s Material (pp. 83-87). Pasig
City, Philippines

Website:

Dawkins, Paul. (2003-2020). Section 6-1: Exponential Functions. Retrieved July

24, 2020 from
https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu./classes/alg/expfunctions.aspx

Elizabeth Staple. (2020). Exponential Word Problems. Retrieved July 25, 2020 from
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/expoprob2.htm

Lumen Learning. Module 12: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Models,
Exponential Growth and Decay. Retrieved July 25, 2020 from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymakercollegealgebra/chapter/expo
nential-growth-and-decay/

Lumen Learning. Module 12: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Models,
Exponential Equation. Retrieved July 24, 2020 from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymakercollegealgebra/chapter/expo
nential-growth-and-decay/

Linear & Exponential Word Problems. Retrieved July 313, 2020 from
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/linear-exponential-word-problem-
hsf-le1.html

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