Cambridge International AS & A Level: PHYSICS 9702/43
Cambridge International AS & A Level: PHYSICS 9702/43
Cambridge International AS & A Level: PHYSICS 9702/43
* 6 3 9 0 9 3 9 5 8 1 *
PHYSICS 9702/43
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions May/June 2023
2 hours
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 100.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
DC (PQ) 327179
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
2
Data
Formulae
upthrust F = ρgV
fs v
Doppler effect for sound waves fo = v ! v
s
1 1 1
resistors in parallel = + + ...
R R1 R2
GM
gravitational potential ϕ =– r
GMm
gravitational potential energy EP = – r
1 Nm
pressure of an ideal gas p = 3 V 〈c2〉
Q
electric potential V =
4rf0 r
Qq
electrical potential energy EP =
4rf0 r
1 1 1
capacitors in series = + + ...
C C1 C2
t
discharge of a capacitor x = x 0 e - RC
BI
Hall voltage VH =
ntq
0.693
decay constant λ =
t1
2
IR (Z 1 - Z 2) 2
intensity reflection coefficient =
I0 (Z 1 + Z 2) 2
∆λ Df v
Doppler redshift á ác
λ f
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) State one similarity and one difference between the gravitational potential due to a point
mass and the electric potential due to a point charge.
similarity: ...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
difference: ..........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[3]
(ii) Show that the numerical value of α is 1.35 × 1020 kg2 C–2.
[1]
(c) Assume that the Earth is a uniform conducting sphere of mass 5.98 × 1024 kg.
The surface of the Earth carries a charge of – 4.80 × 105 C that is evenly distributed.
(i) Use the information in (b) to determine the electric field strength at the surface of the
Earth. Give a unit with your answer.
(ii) State how the direction of the electric field at the surface of the Earth compares with the
direction of the gravitational field.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 11]
2 A steel sphere of mass 0.29 kg is suspended in equilibrium from a vertical spring. The centre of
the sphere is 8.5 cm from the top of the spring, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
spring
8.5 cm
steel sphere,
mass 0.29 kg
Fig. 2.1
The sphere is now set in motion so that it is moving in a horizontal circle at constant speed, as
shown in Fig. 2.2.
27°
10.8 cm
path of sphere
Fig. 2.2
The distance from the centre of the sphere to the top of the spring is now 10.8 cm.
(a) Explain, with reference to the forces acting on the sphere, why the length of the spring in
Fig. 2.2 is greater than in Fig. 2.1.
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............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) The angle between the linear axis of the spring and the vertical is 27°.
[1]
[2]
(c) (i) Use the information in (b) to determine the centripetal acceleration of the sphere.
[Total: 12]
3 (a) State the reason why two objects that are at the same temperature are described as being in
thermal equilibrium.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows the variations with temperature of the densities of mercury and of water
between 0 °C and 100 °C.
density density
mercury water
0 100 0 100
temperature / °C temperature / °C
Fig. 3.1
Temperature may be measured using the variation with temperature of the density of a liquid.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) A beaker contains a liquid of mass 120 g. The liquid is supplied with thermal energy at a rate
of 810 W. The beaker has a mass of 42 g and a specific heat capacity of 0.84 J g–1 K–1. The
beaker and the liquid are in thermal equilibrium with each other at all times and are insulated
from the surroundings.
Fig. 3.2 shows the variation with time t of the temperature of the liquid.
100
temperature / °C
75
50
25
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
t/s
Fig. 3.2
(ii) Determine the specific heat capacity, in J g–1 K–1, of the liquid.
(d) The experiment in (c) is repeated using water instead of the liquid in (c). The mass of liquid
used, the power supplied, and the initial temperature are all unchanged.
The specific heat capacity of water is approximately twice that of the liquid in (c).
The boiling temperature of water is 100 °C.
On Fig. 3.2, sketch the variation with time t of the temperature of the water between t = 0 and
t = 60 s. Numerical calculations are not required. [2]
[Total: 11]
4 (a) State two of the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
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[2]
(i) Determine an expression for the temperature T of the gas in state X, in terms of n, p
and V.
Identify any other symbols that you use.
[2]
(ii) On Fig. 4.1, sketch the variation with volume of pressure for the gas as the gas undergoes
the three changes. The state X is labelled. Label states Y and Z.
2p X
pressure
0
0 V 2V
volume
Fig. 4.1
[3]
(iii) During the change of state from Y to Z, the increase in internal energy of the gas is U.
During the change of state from Z to X, the work done on the gas is W.
Complete Table 4.1 to indicate, for each of the three changes of state, the increase in
internal energy of the gas, the thermal energy transferred to the gas and the work done
on the gas, in terms of p, V, U and W.
Table 4.1
X to Y
Y to Z +U
Z to X +W
[5]
[Total: 12]
missing component
VIN C 14 kΩ VOUT
Fig. 5.1
Complete the circuit diagram in Fig. 5.1 by adding the circuit symbol for the missing
component, correctly connected. [1]
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
7.5
VIN / V
5.0
2.5
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 t / s 0.08
–2.5
–5.0
–7.5
Fig. 5.2
7.5
VOUT / V
5.0
2.5
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
t/s
Fig. 5.3
(ii) Show that the time constant τ for the discharge of the capacitor through the resistor is
0.038 s.
[2]
(c) The circuit of Fig. 5.1 is modified so that it produces full-wave rectification of an input voltage.
Suggest, with a reason, how VOUT now varies with time when VIN is as shown in Fig. 5.2.
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............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 9]
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............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A long, straight wire P carries a current into the page, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
wire P
current into page
Fig. 6.1
On Fig. 6.1, draw four field lines to represent the magnetic field around wire P due to the
current in the wire. [3]
(c) A second long, straight wire Q, carrying a current of 5.0 A out of the page, is placed parallel to
wire P, as shown in Fig. 6.2.
wire P wire Q
Fig. 6.2
The flux density of the magnetic field at wire Q due to the current in wire P is 2.6 mT.
(i) Calculate the magnetic force per unit length exerted on wire Q by wire P.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) The flux density of the magnetic field at wire P due to the current in wire Q is 1.5 mT.
[Total: 10]
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............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a glass tube in which electrons are accelerated through a high p.d. to form a
beam that is incident on a thin graphite crystal.
vacuum
graphite crystal
filament fluorescent
cathode anode screen
electron beam
– + collimator
glass tube
high p.d.
(not to scale)
Fig. 7.1 (not to scale)
After passing through the graphite crystal, the electrons reach the fluorescent screen. The
screen glows where the electrons strike it.
Fig. 7.2 shows the fluorescent screen viewed end-on, from the right-hand side of Fig. 7.1.
Fig. 7.2
(i) State the name of the phenomenon demonstrated by the pattern shown in Fig. 7.2.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain what can be concluded from the pattern in Fig. 7.2 about the nature of electrons.
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..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) The electrons in (b) are now accelerated through a greater potential difference between the
cathode and the anode.
(i) On Fig. 7.3, sketch the pattern that is now seen on the fluorescent screen in Fig. 7.1.
Fig. 7.3
[2]
(ii) Explain, with reference to de Broglie wavelength, the change in the pattern on the
fluorescent screen.
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..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
8 (a) Table 8.1 shows some data relating to the properties of air, gel and body tissue. The data are
given to three significant figures.
Table 8.1
specific acoustic
material density / kg m–3 speed of sound / m s–1
impedance / kg m–2 s–1
(i) Show that the specific acoustic impedance of gel is 1.68 × 106 kg m–2 s–1.
[1]
(ii) Complete Table 8.1 by calculating the missing values to three significant figures. Use the
space below for any working that you need.
[2]
(b) Use the information in (a) to calculate the intensity reflection coefficient for:
(c) Use your answers in (b) to explain why gel is applied to the skin during ultrasound scanning.
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............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 8]
9 Carbon-11 is radioactive and decays by β+ emission to form boron-11. Carbon-11 has a half-life of
20 minutes. Boron-11 is stable.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
On Fig. 9.1, sketch the variation with t of the number of nuclei of boron-11 in the sample.
1.0 N0
number of nuclei
0.5 N0
0
0 20 40 60 80
t / min
Fig. 9.1
[3]
(c) (i) Explain, with reference to the random nature of radioactive decay, why the activity of the
carbon-11 sample in (b) decreases with time.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) State, with reasons, whether a radiation detector placed near to the sample of carbon-11
indicates a measured count rate from the sample that is less than, the same as or greater
than the activity of the sample.
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..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
10 (a) State Hubble’s law. Identify any symbols that you use.
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............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A star of luminosity 3.8 × 1031 W is a distance of 1.8 × 1024 m from the Earth.
Calculate the radiant flux intensity at the Earth of the radiation emitted by the star.
(c) The star in (b) is in a distant galaxy. A spectral line in the light from this galaxy is known to
have a wavelength of 486 nm. This spectral line in the light from the galaxy observed on the
Earth has a wavelength of 492 nm.
(i) Explain why the wavelength observed on the Earth is different from the wavelength that
the galaxy is known to have emitted.
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..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]
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