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IORA International Conference on Operation Research

Electromagnetic Waves Simulation in Dielectric/Metal

ABSTRACT
In this paper we report the results of our systematic numerical study on the characteristics of a metal-dielectric
sylinder with one dielectric defect and channel using finite difference time domain method. The results showed
that the wave guided via channel and transmittance produced showed resonance mode. At low terahertz (THz)
optical frequency, the results show that the sensitivity of the device depends significantly on refractive indeks
material. This result is quite a potential application as a sensor device.

Keywords : Electromagnetic Waves, Metal Silinder

INTRODUCTION
Guided waves propagating over an anisotropic structure have been investigated in the study of leaky
waves and tavelling-waves antennas, travelling-waves amplifiers, band pass filters and transmission
lines at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies [1]. Generally, wave simulations at grating
structure have been analyzed using couple mode theory [2], transfer matrix method [3], collocation
method [4]. For the metallic grating structure can be result enhanced transmission because of the
coupling between the plasmonicand photonic resonance modes [5]. Physically, the existence ofthis
phenomenon can be explained as a consequence of a collec-tive oscillation of electrons at the metal-
dielectric interface dueto transverse magnetic (TM) electromagnetic mode which leadsto a large
enhancement of electric field around the corresponding interface [6]. This enhancement is strongly
depends on the surrounding of the related metallic structure. Obviously, this phenomenon can be
applied as a sensing platform [7].
Based on the above mentioned facts, in this paper we discuss the results of our systematic
numerical investigation on the performance of a specific microscale dielectric/metal sylinder. We
illuminate the system by gaussian waves of TM and analyze the guided waves at the device system.
TM mode selection based on previous studies with the advent of surface plasmon on the metal surface.
Surface plasmons are oscillations of free electrons tightly on the metal surface in contact with the
dielectric material [8].Analysis of wave propagation is derived from Maxwell's equations and solved
using standard finite difference time domain (FDTD) method incorporated with perfectly matched
layer (PML) as the corresponding boundary condition. We investigate numerically the transmission
characteristics of the corresponding modes with respect to the frequency or lambda. We found that the
transmission of the electric field TM mode more affected significantly by the presence of surface
plasmons and that the sensitivity of the device alters if the refractive index of the defect sylinder layer
is varied as in my previous research studies [9, 10, 11]. Simulation results can be directed to build
optical devices such as sensors or optical filter

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1. Structure Model
The first paragraph after a heading is not indented (Bodytext style).
The corresponding device model is presentedin Figure 1. We considered a periodic dielectric
sylinderwithone metallic defect sylinder of refractive index n themiddle which considered as a
receptor. The system is illuminated by a continuous electromagnetic field from the centered side
which will be guided perfectly inside the dielectric and metallic sylinder by channel
As illustrated in Fig. 1, the considered device consists of a SiO2 film with refractive index of
n 1.52005 [12], and metal film with the metal permittivity is given by drude model [6]
1.521030
 (v) 1
v(v 1.61013 i)
where v is the operational frequency in THz . The use of frequency in the terahertz range is a very
special and interesting part in electromagnetic (EM) spectrum.In the simulation, we use 1400500
meshes, where each of the mesh has a dimension of x  y 1 m . For the time step we set
t 1.671014 s and the output is measured at t 1.67 ps .

Figure 1. Dielectric/Metal sylinder structure

2. Mathematic Formulation
Light propagation inside a dielectricmaterial can be described quantitatively by the fourMaxwell’s
equations. For the TM case where H ( x, y) field lies in the x  y plane, and the E ( x, y) field lies in
the z plane, the Maxwell’s equations are given as follows:
Dz 1  H y H x 
   
t  0 0  x y 
H x 1 Dz

t  0 0 y
H y 1 Dz

t  0 0 x
with the corresponding constitutive relations are given by Dx   0 r Ex , Dy   0 r Ey .
As stated previously, these Maxwell equations can be solved numerically using the FDTD method
and Yee algorithm with PML boundary condition with the detailed formulation given in [13].

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IORA International Conference on Operation Research
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We consider a frequency modulated gaussian pulse traveling on 2D grid. The time waveform of the
pulse is described as [10]
2
 t t 
4  0 
E (t )  sin(t ) e   
with   2 f 0 ,   2 109 s , and t0  6109 s .
The steady state, continuous wave (CW) field E ( ) is calculated from E (t ) by Fourier transform
during the simulation [11]
t
E ( )   eit E (t )dt
0
Then the stored data is Fourier transformed and integrated. Finally, the ratio is taken between
obtained integrated results to incident spectra which results in transmission spectra versus wavelength.
The transmittance of structure is
Etrans ()
2
T
Einc ()

DISCUSSION RESULT
The sketch of the model is shown in Fig. 1 which is homogeneous in the z –direction. In this
simulation. we use the seven layers of dielectric and metal plating cylindrical periodically with a
defect in the middle. The resulting electric field distribution indicates that the field can not
penetrate the metal layer and spread only on channels and distributed on a dielectric layer. Waves
that propagates through the channels showed that the guided wave.

Figure 2. Field interaction with structure

The response characteristic of the corresponding device at the output is depicted in Figure 3. It
is shown that T depends on the operational frequency. Clearly from the figure that for the range
of 29  30THz the device admits high T . Transmittance resonate at certain frequencies, namely

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10 THz,30 THz, 44THz, 60 THz, 76THz, dan 85THz called resonance mode. Amplification of
transmittance can occur due oscillations of free electrons tightly on the metal surface in contact with
the dielectric material. Surface plasmon coupling of electromagnetic fields around metal-dielectric
surface cause surface plasmon polariton (SPR). These results indicate that the waveguides only occurs
in the resonant mode and there is a photonic band gap outside the resonance mode.

Figure 3. Relation between transmittance and the variation of

To investigate the output characteristic with respect to n, we choose the range of n  1.3 to
n  1.4 for defect layer, which is generally related to a liquid sample of bio-substance. The
simulation results show that changes in the refractive index of the material produces significant
changes in the transmittance is 0.3489 .This result clearly indicates that the device can be
functioned as sensing platform. Since it is operating in terahertz frequency one can consider its
use for detecting the presence of specific biological polymers such as protein etc.

Figure 4. Relation between transmittance and the variation of

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IORA International Conference on Operation Research
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CONCLUTION
The sketch of the model is shown in Fig. 1 which is homogeneous in the z –direction. In this
simulation. we use the seven layers of dielectric and metal plating cylindrical periodically with a
defect in the middle

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