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Relation and Function

An ordered-pair number consists of two numbers written in parentheses separated by a comma, where the ordering of the numbers is important. A relation is any set of ordered-pair numbers, with the domain being the set of first elements and the range being the set of second elements. A function associates each element in its domain to only one element in its range.

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Nikka Aubrey Tegui-in
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35 views

Relation and Function

An ordered-pair number consists of two numbers written in parentheses separated by a comma, where the ordering of the numbers is important. A relation is any set of ordered-pair numbers, with the domain being the set of first elements and the range being the set of second elements. A function associates each element in its domain to only one element in its range.

Uploaded by

Nikka Aubrey Tegui-in
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relation and Function

Ordered-Pair Numbers

An ordered-pair number is a pair of numbers that go together. The numbers


are written within a set of parentheses and separated by a comma.

For example, (4, 7) is an ordered-pair number; the order is designated by the


first element 4 and the second element 7. The pair (7, 4) is not the same as (4,
7) because of the different ordering. Sets of ordered-pair numbers can
represent relations or functions.

Relation

A relation is any set of ordered-pair numbers.

Example: { ( 2, 4 ), ( 3,5 ), ( 4,6 ) }

The following diagram shows some examples of relations and functions. Scroll
down the page for more examples and solutions on how to determine if a
relation is a function.

The set of all first elements is called the domain of the relation.

The set of second elements is called the range of the relation.

So then in the relation below

When listing the elements of both domain and range,


get rid of duplicates and write them in increasing
order.
our domain and range are as follows:

 Relation in table

 Relation in graph
 Relation in mapping diagram

We can also describe the domain and range of a given


relation.

 The domain is the set of all x or input values. We


may describe it as the collection of the first
values in the ordered pairs.
 The range is the set of all y or output values. We
may describe it as the collection of the second
values in the ordered pairs.

Function

A function associates each element in its domain with one and only one
element in its range.
Examples of How to Determine if a Relation is also a Function

Let’s go over a few more examples by identifying if a given


relation is a function or not.

Example 1: Is the relation expressed in the mapping


diagram a function?

Each element of the domain is being traced to one and only


element in the range. However, it is okay for two or more
values in the domain to share a common value in the range.
That is, even though the elements 5 and 10 in the domain
share the same value of 2 in the range, this relation is still a
function.
Example 2: Is the relation expressed in the mapping
diagram a function?

What do you think? Does each value in the domain point to a


single value in the range? Absolutely! There’s nothing wrong
when four elements coming from the domain are sharing a
common value in the range. This is a function

Example 3: Is the relation expressed in the mapping


diagram a function?

The element 15 has two arrows pointing to both 7 and 9.


This is a clear violation of the requirement to be a function. A
function is well behaved, that is, each element in the domain
must point to one element in the range. Therefore, this
relation is not a function.
Example 4: Is the relation expressed in the mapping
diagram a function?

if an element in the domain is being associated with more


than one element in the range, the relation is automatically
disqualified to be a function. Thus, this relation is
absolutely not a function.

Example 5: Is the mapping diagram a relation, or function?

So far it looks normal. But there’s a little problem. The


element “2” in the domain is not being paired with any
element in the range.

Here’s the deal! Every element in the domain must have


some kind of correspondence to the elements in the range
for it to be considered a relation, at least. So It is not a
relation, it follows that it is not a function.
A function can be identified from a graph. If any vertical line drawn through the graph
cuts the graph at more than one point, then the relation is not a function. This is called
the vertical line test.

Activity:
Determine whether the following are function or not a function
a) A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}
b) B = {(1, 3), (0, 3), (2, 1), (4, 2)}
c) C = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (1, 9), (4, 3)}

Solution:
a) A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)} is a function because all the first elements are
different.

b) B = {(1, 3), (0, 3), (2, 1), (4, 2)} is a function because all the first elements are
different. (The second element does not need to be unique)

c) C = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (1, 9), (4, 3)} is not a function because the first element, 1,
Operations with Functions
We can add, subtract, multiply and divide
functions!

The result is a new function.

Let us try doing those operations on f(x) and g(x):

Addition

We can add two functions:

(f+g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)


Note: we put the f+g inside () to show they both work on x.

Example: f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2


(f+g)(x) = (2x+3) + (x2) = x2+2x+3
Sometimes we may need to combine like terms:

Example: v(x) = 5x+1, w(x) = 3x-2

(v+w)(x) = (5x+1) + (3x-2) = 8x-1

Subtraction

We can also subtract two functions:

(f-g)(x) = f(x) − g(x)


Example: f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2

(f-g)(x) = (2x+3) − (x2)

Multiplication

We can multiply two functions:

(f·g)(x) = f(x) · g(x)


Example: f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2

(f·g)(x) = (2x+3)(x2) = 2x3 + 3x2

Division

And we can divide two functions:


(f/g)(x) = f(x) / g(x)
Example: f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2

(f/g)(x) = (2x+3)/x2

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