SS COMPUTER NETWO 15] ~2»Locoone sues GNoTEs GALLERY CREATE BY ATUL KUMAR \LKEDIY ya n> PY PVG hy dofautt: Ty do a stateful pastrent 2 PVe Jo q pd Plodedes Protocols Pvgy in valow Compou. te TVe+ 7 TPv¢ dorms seapve NEP protocol breoswe MAC Oana» Hedy ba Pact of Thi, addeeoa. P BY dofaukk Pug desert eqpine DHCP Rernne, canfiqrcctin . > Th my, A campulow con heme ynuttipl IP Albus at Ue Zanetine Te Tye, we det reed @ NAT voulee beatiwe thou io no reed of cboorotackin from public EP to piwale, “EP or vie vewa. By defanlles Pug deca reqpice NAT cm Fiqunakion becouse form Ge agin Pointy 6 hoo the public EP odbuss. 2 au donate Buppart, brendcaning., it support rly Mublicaotirg.» > TR supports Reyeastivg. free MM wads quill howe Che same odds, : bub Ge role de rove by eaest, re > fer welll Metals ar Utdahes Metals -ZPVe & but auibhs. © Because. gp WS atolls aula canfig tration. Te Avert peapyine. amy wepping rb. for IP adds to : Mac adklxeos rapping. « > , u ie > PING"? (Rackets creme qpcisphir) Ping, commend do Used “to taoubta shat YW the. vetmnork +S 2 led -to t2ith “the creachability of the Ayako Ww the rehiork!s ECM? paotocel in Cereal to inplemercts “pig”. 3 Loo BACK ADPRESS'—2r6 in Uned -for ‘bowlkehavting “the adh computer y Whethon ere Computer ao Poopelly Converted > the port er nek. bP LBA Will veer enter Ito Ue network. y ocen with okways bea Destination adbws only. 3? Even a compuolea vin Nat asec omy TP aA We Com poubkthoot Sp Ue sel, ermpulr by Using DHCP chee ond Loop Back Rad swoo- Nome LIA 4 used ab a action im the. “whkarproass Coyprnunicattin + EN aN a a i Da il i ll lr tr tr as Se a te ty sy ms mM CODING BUGS CINOTES GALLERY> Goh data umib wi) howe ere Addneos path > Coeuits Serctehing do wet a store and fosactared Aedinique The pede singly bypass he pate of the Power. p> The -trawmission o} packet in deve. by te. Fone. = aloe by Wwolemmadioke ouwlas. The betwen te dadhunits is |The between the data und § uniform” or ame. © Mariah! 2 Warsi Biacraia tien 4a feature, . wastage Peseurtes Oe more > "Grrgustion con Occur Gypecton extnblighmerct? pi Tht set a faut toleamels technige because He parlets com net be! divertel Mua ether pats ff link aac broken 7 Rebabe 5 urd for long. rersage. Civtuck — seaitcharg “hao BSc Stores chewy eee PACKET SWITCHING % Note con be —tranomctted divectly doth soranefer . > Sach data Uni (will home Ge dastination addres, He jwemediat pathis dedded by Router. > Rak awe 3 a‘ ape & ferent? stechwigpe Whew “the packets ax tod, Mgesithmn do Ppplied on the. beat path . >the oarsminion of dak io dave Wet only by te Bourne but P Resures o2 shorobk . p> srimge ch Peoureo io les . ‘ Grgustio’ Com Scere duoc cet ofr phase. >It 4% 4 fokt ~tnleaact cabin Became the dots con & divetel & > Mein ether patho iF tim ane 9 broken . PUnsebiable , Wed on 7 fo short 22? 9 > Rtkt suri a ite io fast.se 1 T | j : ttt z) § £ t werdage Prenentiion Bospor noe Te vbr Part. Addn Np Teomoparts rit opie nel Cr, ono | HK Bwi “Route? CP Adda» (cond) Nebrow i pases = ee * fame? MAC Radvuns (LAN A Dyckn fine Soyer. Bridge — Dloyer 2with z Lom Pouysical foyer ES Husky aepeoter L Rassive donee Hts emo psutede frame, forme’ Loca packet partot nC. dpe | Vk Set — lp 2eapmrsibla far ‘Nod, SERvICeS oF _LAYEPSI~ 3 RIPLCATION LAVER!— RpplioHim sewele DMte HTTP, “ettysma, ONS, Telret 2 Presentation Sopot Syncox ond Seyracticn oF or. —32 Sexi Sayer? Diaog tardool, 2ession Manogemenst « 2 Toanupert Noaper = flow contact errr _Cactoe!, Seqementaction y 3 _ Cangeartion | pokiedan. ina obgaritins, traffic shaping Lraganertactin I 4 fot id G bis ‘ Hf ek ITT i i U i : I f 2 fees conkoel, ert: cachet, Recess ciao], ~> Pitysited _Suyer?— Prupical 2 electrical characteristics ey E |CODING BUGS at meeNowe. Dezenption ; Dect _8o2- 1 Higher Loaer LAN protowle Working qremup 802-2. 1c, 82S Ethemets * B02" Token bus | “Bens Teen Ting MAC lee Ber: 6 Mats (04908 ) ie Broadband LAN boung. CBoxial abe Bet: Fiber optic TAG ae Go2-3 Trskgraled Seoviaa LAN iia seit Be2-I0 rtexoperable. LAN aor ul _ Wiel LAN 82-12. looBarve, 802-14 CHAE wether “fons. Whelan PAN CBluclooth ) aor 16 Loinetes MAN patie 10 Live (8-tis VF te purpose qf TTL b to deity if Cm deop io exirt -for the parkeb or net. 7 Wherever a fartet is forwarded by a router, TL value wil) be dlecrmomented « P trhenimer the paket do ina loop, then ott cre pov Ff five ATL Velen Wild become ‘Pere? then -the next rowler yiZtp dump the packet. Gare 2 Tempe i) take te sowie IP -Pram the Propped park ond Tnfoms to dowree by Bending. Time — whenewer He lnk bb broken, there 6 a Shane “that packet Waghts be ~ferwercded on the. wae pach, > Tr prmcic, it b&b reo a Veftounct « Pb ote qurartes that Partet dat Sey Jim the retomrl fer longer than DSS _sccordby. z(SS (DD) Seuxce Quen Mepsages ?— eh wee Ye of patos Goniny, din Dans dame then te rower beefbe itl be full tn me tine + r that euler is Cangeoted » then Bone. Packets axe. docapped « J EMR prctecel ull tole the gowee IP -faom tthe dcopped Spout ond inform tn source by sending, “Source Queich Massage’ then gore exit) dedute the _aptd yarn : then the Gangurted — qoutes cit be afrce fram Gorgerbon- p> EF the Cmguated «Dotter to few ausy from che Source skhen SECMP AE sev, Hep-by- hep aottra. quench Yresage then emery, rele wa the path sil veduce othe speed 4 sararonipion + it) Roca meter Panblem?— 7S One the. dats bb toawmittd y header bids ase medefie He yale then He cofcutakd Header checkacrm will n | [ l I mek be -eyrat 46 vectind bender checksum then the GS Poctets wsiko be doopped - [> SeMP ctl tale the Souxe TP -foon Ue bespped ce packets 2% inform to the Seuce by sending SPoscometer Problem? wreasage + ‘ | I HD) Tine. Cxeeded Message? then some fing newts ane fost tn the Mebioarks = “then the hetding rages cdl be docepped. by the Renters 7 SECM? willl _-take =the Beucte ITP -Faarn the coeeppad Fragment ord ifort, Beukes by Senkirg Wire exceeded _rresvage.- iw) Destivation —UmPeachabl'— “Cem? eyaar memages axe aaron ting nett onky by the crete bute aby by te datinctin heat « x SICODING BUGS ENOTES GALLERY.V2) Redaction to twolenewe a path & -foronled ry ard Sader tb dy educated fo comcct “ dizection, then ECM? will send Recldrection rrensage.-to Update uth Comredt encttio - =ICM, Mens i i) cho * Rega and ply Oxotgrved the egrastic plop: These. YeeD2 aw Used to eherwdre, Whether “eee Syke Cam Communucate — eitth ath crther- cone tefl i) Tiwe stomp Be Reply Tivo swrachiws User “Chee wrrepagen. to bye * the GIT needed -for on ae acta gram ato tron Le therm - TCP TIMERS’ Hime. cut: Timer, Tire wait Trex, Keep Alive Wiwers, Peasistect Timer - 12) Tre ont Tree = } TCP une 0 Bre eck: Timer “for metranomision 7 ao} Dest Beapmerts + > Sevder starch a tine ect Ger” ctromomctting a TCP Segment 4 the Pecaiver. a eneltng PEP sender veceime on ackroutedgenents Gefre the Ler gow off, t€ ‘rtnps. the timer. PE sero dow net Pecalmo any acknawlayenert and te Gner 4 off, then TEP Retrowmision occu. 4 > Sydow veteromts the Bare Ord scerets “Ue ter > the gf: tine ont rer 2 Aypramic aml charges ith be, £ rbaoffic in the hettoerk. « 2S Thre out Hiner © ote Clan Retxmmision Tirer,hy \S9- I Five Waitt Tinen t= Z ——— TWoP use 0 me Cait tex duvairg = ae Comrection _eaminaction. 2 Send Stok the ne Watt Bree after derebing “ere Aci _ forthe 2eterd FIN egprete 7 Tb adlous te edad tre Firat odkreutely ements FEE gue Next « PEt poewenta_the gus closed poxt foo rempening, asain bby, tp 2eme other — opplicastion 2 Tt ensuvs thet al) te Behmerds hendorg. towards the yur cfoxd posb_ax: ditaxcded. = The wolue Hire asad bie io usually 3b te tice the li febine =p 98 ATER aegrenct « , Keep Alive Time — 5 : = TCP Uses a Keep olive wer to a. : ret _lorg idle “TCP_cmnections} ~29 Each tine ase hears from “de chiet it mead the Heep alive 2 +Hyrew_tp_ 2 heuxe- n 2 FE Aswer dese wet hea’ -from the client for 2 hewn, tk sews ‘le > Pobe — seqrent to tHe chien,. These probe tapes oe sevtt at a Of AS Accord « 2 ee Bower reCeive re Denporze. after ending. le probe aegmenb, tb__osturre Heh the Chie in down - 32 “Then, serrer terminates He - connection ourtornaticallly« Reasisbewct Timen= 2 * TP upee a paroirtewt Emer to deal with q z2210- winbe ~2ize = deadlock situation. ~ 2 TE Meeps tHe _ Wore 3c. _infisnaction flewaing even Ff the Oller __evd ches its _ 2eeaiver window - SICODING BUGS CINOTES GALLERY LLLULLL Wb Lab A bb58) atknadedjped ‘boo ONS— Pat 53 Por — Fert -l0 Tee Ope Ne Dypamié Render (20-60) Byler. [1s Fixed Headoe 8 Bytea- 2 Eb b the Comeckion cviewled | 2+ Pt io cannectionless with the help 6] Saypeme 1 (ve say wt) 3. Flow Corctools 3+ Hap No -flow «nctact Geach datagram “do Sle: prrlent: )- 4. eae Us Fast: (each chctagram ia ivelep~ 3 alt swdact 2 wet iailing fer omether os towe. 2 ny wm to Core) = S- Checksum bo rece S+ checksum 40 optional 6 Ener Contaol. 6+ UDP par Ww exam Corcbol- H+. Be dew wet Support Mulbticasting) =. Tet supports cate Or oF breed carting.« Broadcasts : Clink state __ J g HIP, FTP, She, Telnet. &- TRTP, Pus, SNMP. 3+ Deemtt depend on SoMP Mebuf| Ss. Depords on Temp proto cel. “for emer cartool : Ere. Velvet ’ 1D. Dowkoade ke 11D Chat oporackions ‘ 1) Controt Fah Don, aos 1D carmen we Garo om) i) Ports 20,21 ane toed WW) Pore a. Fre 1) TCR ov Toawpert . 2) FIP bor no flow coytrel at tu 3) FTP om Avtiubus expocte. 4) FTP allo cutheriged User . i) hota neb- {HO TETP alles Ame: TRFTP 1) 09? a Prorspart a 8 hee flow cortosl at Arle a Weer User. G2. Net acc 1) Docomleading File « OD Bret ious Rofhuixe,ie = ANPLICATION - a ADPLICATION Layer 7 - “Hr _protocou"s Cypertect teafer_ pein. 5 @) Chiat - = sere Protocat- a. (2) Symchrsnses Pystacel- 3 _G)_ fort _8e: Soy te tig, ssysacevene pacizcel becasee the clock 4 toe chant = _ ws aymdlweniged eth the check t the sent: 249 HOP Comectionw = fersitent Http Ganrection- a Nowe pexstiectt 4 Camvectin « Steklen Pootocel « me =e fespiotect HIP Tn case of perictent rtp as Comection. = be there only Bo be com accen Sm! weg} —— i aa ubemenct. io New - fexmiztests Ete? > Tn Nown petintest http, fr ey » tndimidual eae A separate, Conne- Fein _ shoul be established. — > Thin 5 — peste “fer secunityafoe.- Le ne sheet on Voge weer lal cs pric FIP Aes Oa http wétheds gtO esd) fot) — cnr) trae). i \) Get Metled - Tt bund t notre te docient- 2) Pus Mee EE in Und to redify the existing. documerct + : 3) Pest meted Te bused to ple the modified doament back to He divecty in te : 4D Head Method $= Hacd Methed 2 used te get te abet the = dactimernnb - 5) Convest Method ae Sb wed dake oil) ge Wao Bune Chonrel that te sn emcoyptel or. Spe OQ) Frce Methed Race 2 oftio() beth @ork Lite a gecad rest iw IP. NOTE‘ By dejaute Tu, 2 stateless bat x cm mek Tre Rvattage Cookin bo @ Teale, a -foske Pbpense. CODING BUGS ENOTES GALLERY -ao — wt File Prone Petxot i (FTP) 1) Dowmlondirg a fit. 2D Aiert -Sover Peteccl- FTP wil) cond carctiet crmmenis on port Livia a cides! cxrection. aS oe the, Be & okeck +p deemload, a sepa: dot conection Jo _ established on pat_2- _ SI Si Meal “Tranefer Protecot)— ~ i ND Text-based Proto Titer > MIME Extension : SMIP db a dest bused potoeds but we Gn send qpuprlal date, with the hetp q MIME Gxckewin, whith to prewided by whore Proxy 2D fowt_- 25 __ 3) teP_ao Tl 4) Clix youd geaver Pat Patt” Nie 1 __ Push Yietoee? a : foP Pat office Protx Seesert -a_fush Protncel, became ce is ued “for sent yal rail Gem easel ane Pull Pactocel becarese they axe wed fo eebtiesing, = -foom rail servers 2 SMTP combaned _eatth PoP, ec SEMAPy dba chiewt 5 clint prstoce! wth a yrediotion dave woil Aeyvenw. 7 “3% SMTP wrtth Poly plying. aoe £ forward “Edmigne - NOTE The. -teene fir Yel eer cre rail Sewer to other rail Sever oxi) be dere by SMTP. pactecel. - - = > Maik con be Kept im Wercachy i Sox of TMAPY, coheruass all = wre One equal Gr sericl jn cape Foes. =. >? Se bo the reilly _Gr_ectfochmerts one provided by the. “_AIMNy, bet ret by Pos. SCODING BUGS ENOTES GALLERYyr «Py Hasler, rel bea aie VER | HLEN: |Sewvice| Total & Ybit | Ubits [8 wits | 16 cits Taercti fication [9/77] Foaqyred i bits [RIEL oe 8 Tiveto Rie | Protocol | Header ¢ 8 bits |B bibs | oem eo Soorce TP Anon 32 bit} DESTINATION “EP Aldneos 32 bot} OPTION + I 22 bt I PADDING oe Une PRowcou TCP Header upP Hondo Dacta Cleo ee —_= Oheko $$ > Sewer fort 6) dertiratin Povtlu] [Source fre | putivelin fore] Sequewe Number 32 Nurnbercc(16 bits} Number (16 ete} 5 37___Reknovledenen® Nimix | | Leneth UDP checkxun 5 : wed ELE LE Te LET y [eointo | (Woe deta) weit] 16 kee TMs ri y | sige ye Application Datta Cremage ) Checksurn _ (66it| Urgent Poonker Ie ge " Padding + optim (toby) mee ONS : TeP/UDP fort 532 “ure 4. TCP ht Qo. - sure: Ter fort 25 PoP : UDP Pat jlo * Telret > TEP Prt az © Dram Hast Confiquanctien Pretocet: UDP pert 6 > ETP: we forts 7.0 ond 21. CODING BUGS (NOTES GALLERY 7 a eeefs re ARP : Gare =e 3 Linlen Ot Us 2 cou. rs. oe is —= . 1 i = : Couse an adtempe te estate Bows | OF Se assigns = j = : a 20) a5 fe? ~ a r 2 r? a : {3 CODING = | 2 : : oe a {2 ues ENC 7 | : {2 NOTES G | : : ES GALL . : | - : mein | : = o 2ocket | —— : = ho ves - 12 | | | Lied a . 13 : new |? I 2 |? I 2 I } I 2 |? |? [2 ;2 [3 (2 [2 Il a L? L? C2 ca L®@ “— ys > K a ee? D Joe a a? A La a _ at (2) C2 tr) 126 2 Rin Oo Sune 12> -LBA ay Uses 010.8 Obie oe - a 2: eo) (282) 464 12,8-131 Saas 2S We bee V6 bet y 5 are iS (2) Ca82) 432 192-223 Fy 455-255-250 DU bk Abie pados . _ +16 Bau- 233] +16 2 u-2s5] — sani 7 2 3 for Neboork IP off het bi wild beO- A> fer DBA, het bob oct al 1. = Loto yt Vi Nn NA eee ald 96 WW 1 1 1261 129 192.224 24e 24g 292294 TIT ? Piivete TP zanget—f lor 10:0 — 10+ 255-255: 255 , 142:16-0-0 stensaiaae ssh > y 192+163+0-0 — 192+ 168-255-255 > » NAT Router NAT cotta: Caner pave TP ixto publer cP when padet ; ok g rehoek, bane sewer cowed publi TP into Prinat, o when packet i» Coming imide tthe _netwarle» 3 a 2 A computor com howe Muttip&. TR odds oct diffowat Dysten® of wre NOTE This concept ian Kepon oo pawe mac mthipl Pf adden) Ok differnet — Srrbanens 7 ea K__computer com howe, weet ple MIRC oduaee te suppect faut sto krone + UE I This conapt io Frou oo Muttife MAC ond same — FR ook different Weaken ef irre « L | | i i i i i i a aCe: mn 2 Sub I = @) 50. = 199: ug « 99. 99 2 Sule Mosk = 258-255: 255: 22y ose KBD i) Subret Ip:- 224 VM Qeeoe nian = {log 48. 98-96 3899 = o' ool 36é Olt 0202? pub ee ii Subrets =(2.55-255: 255-224) SM ot —— ae VN ocoee a tee ara eae, be DBA {8 Soe Q3- =£- 2) No. Hasts in each subst = 2°-2 = Ze 4 feline 2 Leo No- a Hants. for aubret ED ond DOR qt x iv) Ast subret Id = ool Leal =199-4g.9a-32 “2 y) Ind sure 9d = Sle goose = 199. 48:99- <4 Svi) 3rd subh DW = 21 oees = 199: 42-99-96 VIL laste Siubret W = Ne. Oeese = 199-48 98-192. > NOE —wheremee thor 2 a continucw wrasky (there wilt bee patiem) Dre weed to caluulek further subst id, Coe neta) Gluslate. faster Bulmet (continues mack wes 224 IT] eesse Me Vil) 12 Newt IS* subnet = 00) oocol = 195-40+98.33 ix) Subset 4d P* Subwt = Oe) cece = 199-48+99-32 | se DBA PF Subwet = 001 Wid = 199+ 49-99+ <3 | 5A) teat hot gy 1* Subrt=001 UMo = 199-4)-99-62 ES %) Met op =_©00 Scere = 199-Y49-99-6_ xi) DBA of] —rebeork = OLA UU = 199° 49-98. 255 | Jo Subecae mee last Subret, ae AVG coos = = _199-49-99- 192 Y host 4 S™Subrt = 101 ootee = 199-48-99- 164 SICODING BUGS S)NOTES GALLERY dddudaee) Tf, = 199-88.99-123 +, = 199: 89-99. 6S Ehy= 199: 89-99-87 Subnet — ypook = 255+ 255-255-246. Wensify —tolich nest of hich subnet thy belogs to} be} PS oll tot SM heb Suet Pe, 2 Oloe S00, BS I heb 4 a Subnet A> eter om DA past 4 s™ Sub . Subret Mog h= 285+ 185+ 255- 240+ Wdentify P's +o same 8ybnk J Ae) 24s — 111 o00s 161 = 1610000] \Yi— Leecitsl 15) = leet --— Notes 9 aqyuting Ooked fer eckify ane subre, check fir suknt Gnly no weed to. find host « eh) TP, = 200-89+99-119. Subst Mek = 265 255 a4) ES) Dncerctiyew werk i ued én aeurily becoure Ge comet — delemire the. values Brom stimbrd eqpctin « Nove '= (0437) fenmuta Commst tse for Distorctnnous nrook- os ulnt in gjaen SxS) DBA ; 1-55. $3 7 Aa — 2226 2 |, tales Fhe ret ‘teaing csi) be suitnbt aulret maak? Lofo ool rit Kas 255-255-255: 192 - | oesooe wv . _ Kb) 255.255-255-128 — Joo onoo Subnet . at bret 22 WB) 255. 255.255. 240 itn exe et ape dd) Neve =H FE) Company 60 Hass, aiulnct rraske ? Pro) Ne. 6) pests = 252362 MrstHARP = Mac RARP = rp TAN Mike oy _ wetoorksre, Dentices — — ie Bae = Neto. Broadcast Pomain epee > Cellizion— Drain Separacker. = felt solenact + frend A & Blctogs Cars Aiwiloe D+ Render — WAN Denice, cperaction based on TP Adds = _Grmacting — Dinsemil _Meotwarks - = Broadcast Devrain Spee = Collision _Damnain Nob 9 Mubtipzsbeal canwector « = Sephisdicded dawite (Hoot te Hast ockboxsivy ) 3. GRTEWAY - — Broadtast Darain Seporsihrr . Glliaion Derraim Sepanster » Muatkipactocel Converter + Highly Bophia-baled _ reacker. 4. Repenters 2 Hub Not 9 Breadost Pomain Ssparshr . Net 9 Gilllibim — Derrain Seprarcsker « 5). Stottehen = et vrairddns 4 leakup table for ffousding, the frome « Sati Collizém — Damaim Separsher « (te) < at —o— Broadisot—Parrain —Sxparcelons D LOAD EGRAM SICODING BUGS EINOTES GALLERY