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L1-2 - Heat Transfer - 2023

This document outlines the syllabus for a course on thermal engineering and heat transfer. It discusses key topics like thermodynamics, different energy sources, heat transfer modes of conduction, convection, and radiation. It provides textbook references and details on evaluations. Heat transfer is described as a fundamental mechanical engineering topic dealing with energy transfer due to temperature differences via conduction, convection, and radiation. Real-world applications of heat transfer principles are also briefly discussed.

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Turza
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50 views23 pages

L1-2 - Heat Transfer - 2023

This document outlines the syllabus for a course on thermal engineering and heat transfer. It discusses key topics like thermodynamics, different energy sources, heat transfer modes of conduction, convection, and radiation. It provides textbook references and details on evaluations. Heat transfer is described as a fundamental mechanical engineering topic dealing with energy transfer due to temperature differences via conduction, convection, and radiation. Real-world applications of heat transfer principles are also briefly discussed.

Uploaded by

Turza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermal Engineering and Heat Transfer

(ME-2215)

Course coordinator: Zahir U. Ahmed


Designation : Professor
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Khulna-9203, Bangladesh
Course Syllabus
 Thermal Engineering:
Sources of energy: conventional and renewable; Thermodynamics;
Fundamental concepts and laws, flow and non-flow processes;
Introduction to: steam generating units, Thermodynamic cycles;
internal combustion engines, steam turbines, refrigeration and air
conditioning systems.
 Heat Transfer:
Introduction to heat transfer; Modes of heat transfer; Steady and
unsteady state heat conduction and radiation heat transfer,
Convection heat transfer; Natural and forced convection; Heat
exchangers.

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Text book & Evaluation
 Text book (Heat Transfer):
- Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
Frank P. Incropera and David P. DeWitt
- Heat Transfer
Jack P. Holman
- Heat Transfer: A Basic Approach
M. Necati. Ozisik

 Evaluation: Class test Test 1 Test 2


Tentative time At 5-6th week
- Attendance
- Class performance
- Class tests (usually three in the course)
3
Thermodynamics Vs Heat Transfer
Thermodynamics is the science of energy, mainly, heat
and work, and how they are correlated.
 Thermodynamics tells us -
 How much heat (dQ) is transferred
 How much work (dW) is done
 Final state of the system

Heat transfer is thermal energy in transit due to a spatial


temperature difference.
 Heat transfer tells us -
 How (with what modes) heat (dQ) is transferred
 At what rate heat (dQ) is transferred
 Temperature distribution inside the body

4
Heat Transfer as a Course
 One of the most challenging, fundamental and conceptual
course in Mechanical Engineering. It is the ‘heart’ of thermal
engineering.
 Why?
 Physically diverse: thermodynamics, material science, diffusion theory,
fluid mechanics and radiation theory
 Higher-level math: vector calculus, ODEs, PDEs, numerical methods
 Physically elusive: heat is invisible, developing intuition takes time
 Appropriate assumption: required to simply and solve most problems
 A wide range of real world heat transfer applications in the
surroundings and industries.

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Applications
Some commonly seen engineering applications
(does not need to go far to see some)

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Modes of Heat Transfer
 Conduction
 Convection
 Radiation

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Different modes of heat transfer
 Conduction heat transfer is due to a temperature gradient in a
stationary medium, which may be a solid or a fluid
 Convection heat transfer occurs between a surface and a moving
fluid at different temperatures
 Radiation heat transfer occurs due to emission of energy in the
form of electromagnetic waves by all bodies above absolute zero
temperature
- Net Radiation heat transfer occurs when there exists a
temperature difference between two or more surfaces
emitting radiation energy

8
Conduction
 Conduction heat transfer is due to random molecular or atomic
activity.
- For gas and liquids, the energy transfer associates with
random translational, internal rotational and vibrational
motion, of the molecules
- For solids, atomic activity in the form of lattice (molecular)
vibrations and the energy transport by free electrons
High temperature and more energetic molecules vibrate more and
transfer energy to less energetic particles as a result of molecular
collisions or interactions

9
Conduction
 Rate Equation:
-Fourier’s law of heat conduction
Figure: One-dimensional heat transfer by
conduction

Area (m2)
Heat rate by
Conduction (W)
Temperature gradient
Transport property
vector
known as thermal Heat flux (W/m2)
conductivity (W/m.K)

-The negative sign is a consequence of the fact that heat


is transferred in the direction of decreasing temperature

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Thermal conductivity

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Range of Thermal conductivity

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Thermal Diffusivity

13
Range of Thermal Diffusivity

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Convection
 Comprised of two mechanisms:
- energy transfer due to random molecular motion (diffusion)
- energy transfer by the bulk (macroscopic) motion of the
fluid
Advection
 Convection heat transfer can be classified as:
- Forced convection: the flow is caused by external means,
such as by a fan, a pump or atmospheric winds
- Free (or natural) convection: the flow is induced by
buoyancy forces, due to density differences caused by
temperature variations in the fluid.
 Both free and forced convection may also exist
 Some other phase change processes, such as boiling and
condensation, typically involve convection heat transfer
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Convection

Forced convection Free convection

Boiling Condensation
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Convection
 Rate Equation:
-Newton’s law of cooling

Convective heat Surface Fluid temperature (oK)


flux (W/m2) temperature (oK)

Convection heat transfer Depends on surface geometry, nature


coefficient (W/m2.K) of fluid motion, fluid thermodynamic
and transport properties

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Range of the convection heat transfer
coefficient

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Radiation

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Radiation

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Radiation

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Radiation

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Summary
A summary of the todays class :
 Heat transfer mechanism and rate equations associated with
different transfer modes.

 Black body surface, Real surface and gray surface


23

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