The document summarizes six major insect pests that attack rice crops: 1) Paddy stem borer caterpillars bore into rice shoots and tillers, causing "dead heart" and "white ear". 2) Gall midge maggots feed at the base of shoots, forming "onion leaf" galls that prevent panicle formation. 3) Leaf folder or leaf roller caterpillars fold leaves longitudinally and feed inside, scraping tissues until leaves become white and dry. 4) Brown plant hopper nymphs and adults congregate at plant bases and vector diseases, causing "hopper burn" and plant drying. 5) Green leafhoppers yellow leaves and vector diseases like tungro,
The document summarizes six major insect pests that attack rice crops: 1) Paddy stem borer caterpillars bore into rice shoots and tillers, causing "dead heart" and "white ear". 2) Gall midge maggots feed at the base of shoots, forming "onion leaf" galls that prevent panicle formation. 3) Leaf folder or leaf roller caterpillars fold leaves longitudinally and feed inside, scraping tissues until leaves become white and dry. 4) Brown plant hopper nymphs and adults congregate at plant bases and vector diseases, causing "hopper burn" and plant drying. 5) Green leafhoppers yellow leaves and vector diseases like tungro,
The document summarizes six major insect pests that attack rice crops: 1) Paddy stem borer caterpillars bore into rice shoots and tillers, causing "dead heart" and "white ear". 2) Gall midge maggots feed at the base of shoots, forming "onion leaf" galls that prevent panicle formation. 3) Leaf folder or leaf roller caterpillars fold leaves longitudinally and feed inside, scraping tissues until leaves become white and dry. 4) Brown plant hopper nymphs and adults congregate at plant bases and vector diseases, causing "hopper burn" and plant drying. 5) Green leafhoppers yellow leaves and vector diseases like tungro,
The document summarizes six major insect pests that attack rice crops: 1) Paddy stem borer caterpillars bore into rice shoots and tillers, causing "dead heart" and "white ear". 2) Gall midge maggots feed at the base of shoots, forming "onion leaf" galls that prevent panicle formation. 3) Leaf folder or leaf roller caterpillars fold leaves longitudinally and feed inside, scraping tissues until leaves become white and dry. 4) Brown plant hopper nymphs and adults congregate at plant bases and vector diseases, causing "hopper burn" and plant drying. 5) Green leafhoppers yellow leaves and vector diseases like tungro,
Caterpillar bore into central shoot of paddy seedling and tiller, causes drying of the central shoot known as “dead heart” (vegetative stage) Grown up plant whole panicle becomes dried “white ear” (reproductive stage)
2. Gall midge: Orseolia oryzae
Family: Cecidomyiidae, Order: Diptera
Symptom of damage:
Maggot feeds at the base of the growing shoot
Causing formation of a tube like gall that is similar to “onion leaf” or “Silver-shoot”. Infested tillers produce no panicles.
Leaves fold longitudinally and larvae remain inside.
Larva scrapes the green tissues of the leaves, becomes white and dry
4. Brown plant leafhopper: Nilaparvata lugens
Family: Delphacidae, Order: Hemiptera
Symptoms of damage:
Nymphs and adults congregate at the base of the plant above the water level Affected plant dries up and gives a scorched appearance called “hopper burn”. Circular patches of drying and lodging of matured plant It is vector of grassy stunt, ragged stunt and wilted stunt diseases Ovipositional marks exposing the plant to fungal and bacterial infections Ragged stunt or grassy stunt virus disease plant may be observed 5. Green leafhopper: Nephotettix virescens/ N. nigropictus
Family: Cicadellidae, Order: Hemiptera
Symptom of damage:
Yellowing of leaves from tip to downwards
Vector for the diseases viz., Rice tungro virus, rice yellow & transitory yellowing cause direct damage to the rice plant Retarded vigorous and stunted growth Drying up of plant due to sucking up of the leaf
