Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 35 views

    Inside Our Earth

    Uploaded by

    Ali Imran Naqvi
    The document summarizes the interior structure of the Earth and key concepts in geology. It describes the Earth's layers as having a crust, mantle, and core. The crust varies in thickness between continental and oceanic crust. Below the crust lies the mantle, which extends down almost 3000 km. At the center is the core, made of nickel and iron. The document also defines intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks, describes sedimentary and metamorphic rock formation, explains the rock cycle, and defines key terms like rocks, fossils, and minerals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Inside Our Earth

    Uploaded by

    Ali Imran Naqvi
    35 views3 pages
    The document summarizes the interior structure of the Earth and key concepts in geology. It describes the Earth's layers as having a crust, mantle, and core. The crust varies in thickness between continental and oceanic crust. Below the crust lies the mantle, which extends down almost 3000 km. At the center is the core, made of nickel and iron. The document also defines intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks, describes sedimentary and metamorphic rock formation, explains the rock cycle, and defines key terms like rocks, fossils, and minerals.

    Original Title

    1693396030213_Inside_our_Earth.docx

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document summarizes the interior structure of the Earth and key concepts in geology. It describes the Earth's layers as having a crust, mantle, and core. The crust varies in thickness between continental and oceanic crust. Below the crust lies the mantle, which extends down almost 3000 km. At the center is the core, made of nickel and iron. The document also defines intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks, describes sedimentary and metamorphic rock formation, explains the rock cycle, and defines key terms like rocks, fossils, and minerals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views3 pages

    Inside Our Earth

    Uploaded by

    Ali Imran Naqvi
    The document summarizes the interior structure of the Earth and key concepts in geology. It describes the Earth's layers as having a crust, mantle, and core. The crust varies in thickness between continental and oceanic crust. Below the crust lies the mantle, which extends down almost 3000 km. At the center is the core, made of nickel and iron. The document also defines intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks, describes sedimentary and metamorphic rock formation, explains the rock cycle, and defines key terms like rocks, fossils, and minerals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Geography

    Chapter-2
    Inside our earth
    Question-Answers
    Q1. Explain the interior of the earth with the help of a diagram.
    Ans 1. The interior of the earth consists of Crust, Mantle and Core. Crust

    • The uppermost layer over the earth’s surface is called the crust.
    • It is the thinnest of all the layers. It is about 35 km. on the continental masses and only
    5 km. on the ocean floors.
    • The main mineral constituents of the continental mass are silica and alumina. It is thus
    called sial (si-silica and al-alumina).
    • The oceanic crust mainly consists of silica and magnesium; it is therefore called sima
    (si-silica and ma-magnesium).
    Mantle
    • Just beneath the crust is the mantle which extends up to a depth of 2900 km. below the
    crust.
    Core
    • The innermost layer is the core with a radius of about 3500 km.
    • It is mainly made up of nickel and iron and is called nife (ni – nickel and fe – ferrous
    i.e. iron).
    • The central core has very high temperature and pressure.
    Q2. Differentiate between intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks.
    Intrusive igneous rocks Extrusive igneous rocks.

    • Sometimes the molten magma cools • When this molten lava comes on the
    down deep inside the earth’s crust. earth’s surface, it rapidly cools down
    Solid rocks formed are called and becomes solid. Rocks formed in
    intrusive igneous rocks. such a way on the crust are called
    extrusive igneous rocks.
    • Since they cool down slowly they • They have a very fine grained
    form large grains. structure.

    • Eg. Granite • Eg. Basalt

    Q3. Describe the formation of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.


    • Rocks roll down, crack, and hit each other and are broken down into small fragments.
    These smaller particles are called sediments.
    • These sediments are transported and deposited by wind, water, etc.
    • These loose sediments are compressed and hardened to form layers of rocks.
    • These types of rocks are called sedimentary rocks. For example, sandstone is made
    from grains of sand.
    • These rocks may also contain fossils of plants, animals and other microorganisms that
    once lived on them.
    • Igneous and sedimentary rocks can change into metamorphic rocks under great heat
    and pressure. For example, clay changes into slate and limestone into marble.
    Q4. Explain Rock cycle with the help of diagram.
    • When one type of rock changes to another type under certain conditions in a cyclic
    manner.
    • This process of transformation of the rock from one to another is known as the rock
    cycle.
    • When the molten magma cools; it solidifies to become igneous rock.
    • These igneous rocks are broken down into small particles that are transported and
    deposited to form sedimentary rocks.
    • When the igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to heat and pressure they
    change into metamorphic rocks.
    • The metamorphic rocks which are still under great heat and pressure melt down to
    form molten magma.
    • This molten magma again can cool down and solidify into igneous rocks.
    Q5. Define the following terms:

    • Rock- Any natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earth’s crust is called a
    rock.
    • Fossils- The remains of the dead plants and animals trapped in the layers of rocks are
    called fossils.
    • Minerals- Minerals are naturally occurring substances which have certain physical
    properties and definite chemical composition.

    Q6. There are two statements given below, marked as Assertions (A) and Reasons (R) .
    Read the statements and choose the correct option.
    Assertion (A): Below the Earth’s crust lies the mantle which extends up to 2900
    km below the crust.
    Reason (R) : Mantle lies just below the crust and above the core.
    a.) Both A and R are correct and R explains A clearly
    b.) Only R is correct
    c.) Both A and R are incorrect
    d.) Only A is correct
    Answer: Both A and R are correct and R explains A clearly.

    You might also like