THC5

Aircrafts /
Flights

Professor: Ms. Rosenda Q. Singson

Aircraft
 5 Major Manufacturers of
Civil Transport Aircraft

● Airbus, based in Europe

● Boeing, based in the United States
● Bombardier, based in Canada
● Embraer, based in Brazil
● United Aircraft Corporation, based in Russia
 Airbus
 Airbus is a large European aircraft manufacturing
company, which produces aircraft for both the civilian
and military aviation markets.
 Most of its production facilities are located in France,
Germany and Spain, while its headquarters is located
within the Netherlands.
 It is currently the world’s largest airline manufacturer,
while the Airbus A380, used by airlines like Emirates and
Lufthansa, is recognized as the world’s largest passenger
airliner.
 Boeing
 Boeing based in the United States - is classed as the second-
largest airline manufacturer, as well as being one of the largest
defense contractors in the world.
 The company headquarters is situated in Chicago, Illinois. In
addition to producing commercial and military jets, Boeing is
also heavily involved in the manufacture of spacecraft.
 Some of its best-known commercial aeroplane models include
the Boeing 737, the Boeing 747 and the Boeing 777.
 Lockheed Martin

 Lockheed Martin has its

headquarters in Maryland, in the
United States.
 Lockheed Martin is recognized as
the world’s largest defense
contractor, specializing in military
aviation and the production of
fighter and reconnaissance aircraft
for air forces around the world.
 The company was formed through
a merger between Lockheed
Corporation with Martin Marietta
and some of its best-known
aeroplanes have included the F-16
Fighting Falcon and the F-35
Lightning II.
 Largest Airline Companies

Although there are a number of ways to measure the largest

airlines in the world, one of the most frequently used metrics is
revenue passenger-kilometres (RPKs). It is calculated by
multiplying the number of annual revenue passengers by the
total distance travelled. Using this metric, the following seven
airlines currently come out on top:
–

 Widely recognized as theworld’s largest airline, not only in terms of revenue

passenger-kilometres, but also in terms of fleet size and total passengers
carried.
 American Airlines has been offering passenger services since 1936. The
company is based in Fort Worth, Texas, and is a member of the One World
Airline Alliance.
 American Airlines operates with a fleet of close to 1,000 aircraft, flies to
almost 100 international destinations and handles more than 200 million
annual passengers.
 Its largest hub is Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport
 Delta Air Lines is a legacy carrier airline, which has been offering
passenger services since 1929.
 The company has its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, and
provides services to more than 200 million passengers each year,
operating with a fleet of around 900 aircraft.
 Its main hub is Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport.
 In total, the airline offers flights to more than 300 destinations,
spread across 50 different countries. Delta is also recognized as the
largest member of the Sky Team Airline Alliance.
 Offering passenger flights since 1931, United Airlines has a fleet
of around 800 aircraft and serves more than 300 destinations. It
is widely recognized as the third largest airline in the world and
its headquarters is located in Chicago, Illinois, with Chicago
O’Hare International Airport serving as its largest hub.
 United Airlines caters for more than 150 million annual
passengers and is a key member of the Star Alliance.
 Emirates is a state-owned airline, based in the city of Dubai, United
Arab Emirates.
 It has been offering passenger services since 1985 and, in addition to
being the fourth largest airline in the world, as measured by RPKs, it
is also the second-largest airline in the world when it comes to the
movement of cargo or freight.
 The airline operates with a fleet of more than 250 aircraft, provides
flights to more than 80 countries and has its main hub at Dubai
International Airport. It is not a member of any airline alliance.
 Southwest Airlines is a low-cost airline which has been offering
passenger services since 1971.
 Regarded as the largest low-cost carrier in the world, the
company has a fleet of more than 700 aircraft, and offers flights to
around 100 destinations – most of which are in the United States,
Mexico and Central America.
 The company’s headquarters is situated in Dallas, Texas, and it
has a total of 11 crew bases throughout the United States.
However, rather than using a hub system, Southwest Airlines
operates via point-to-point transit.
 China Southern Airlines has its headquarters in the city of
Guangzhou and has been offering passenger services since 1988.
The airline has a fleet of more than 600 aircraft, provides flights
to more than 200 global destinations and is recognized as the
largest airline in Asia, based on RPKs, fleet size and the total
number of annual passengers.
 It has hubs at Beijing Capital International Airport, Beijing
Daxing International Airport and Guangzhou Baiyun
International Airport. Until 2020, China Southern was part of
the Sky Team airline alliance.
 Based in Dublin, Ireland, Ryanair is a low-cost airline which has
been offering commercial flights since 1985. Its main operational
bases are Dublin Airport and London Stanstead, and the
company has several sister airlines, including Malta Air and
Lauda. In total, the airline has a fleet of more than 300 aircraft.
 Ryanair is especially notable for offering more routes and
carrying more international passengers than any other airline in
the world, even including American Airlines and Delta Air
Lines.
 World’s Best Airline

AIRLINE EXCELLENCE AWARD

by AirlineRatings.com
 Key Factors in Judging

 Operational safety
 Passenger reviews
 Profitability
 Investment rating
 Fleet age
 Product offerings )Premium economy on long-haul
flights
 Seating options in other classes
 Top 20
1. Air New Zealand 11. Lufthansa
2. Singapore Airlines 12. Finnair
3. All Nippon Airways 13. Japan Airlines
4. Qantas 14. KLM
5. Cathay Pacific 15. Korean Airlines
6. Emirates 16. Hawaiian Airlines
7. Virgin Atlantic 17. British Airways
8. EVA Air 18. Alaska Airlines
9. Qatar Airways 19. Delta Airlines
10. Virgin Australia 20. Etihad Airways
 Best First Class Best Business Class
 Qatar Airways held onto
 Singapore Airlines took its best business class title
the top prize again with again this year.
its new first-class suites  The airline’s Qsuite is a
first class experience in
business class.
Best Premium Economy Best Economy

 Air New Zealand –  Virgin Australia –

comfortable seats and Spacious cabins in its
upscale amenities Boeing 777 long-haul fleet
 Best Cabin Crew Best Catering
 Virgin Australia – World’s  Qatar Airways – 2nd year in a
best cabin crew. Second year row. Dine-in demand service
in a row.
 Best Lounges Best In-flight Entertainment
 Emirates – 2nd in a row.
 Qantas Airways – airline’s Pioneer in IFE
lounges are exceptional.
 Install seatback videos in
2nd year in a row economy
 Domestic Airline Most Improved Airline
of the Year
 Cebu Pacific – a move
 Qantas – with a call out to its
premium transcontinental to expand its global
product aboard Airbus A330. footprint using new
generation fuel-efficient
aircraft.
 Best Ultra Best Long-Haul Airline
Low-Cost Carrier
By Region
 Viet.Jet – smart business
plan that brings affordable  Middle East – Emirates
travel to millions  Asia - Cathay Pacific
 Europe – Lufthansa
 Americas - Delta
 Best Low-Cost Airline
By Region
 Americas – JetBlue
 Europe – Wizz
 Asia/Pacific – Air Asia
 Middle East – Air Arabia
Types of Flights
 Type of Flights & Routes
1. Nonstop Flight - is one on which a traveler goes
from one point A to point B on the same aircraft,
with no stop in between.
 a single flight between two airports with no
stops. Business travelers favor nonstop flights
because they are the fastest, but they are
frequently the most expensive.
LAX JFK

Point Point
A B
 Type of Flights & Routes
2. Direct flight- is one on which a traveler goes from one point
A to point B on the same aircraft but that aircraft stops at an
airport in between.
 A direct flight makes at least one intermediate stop along
the way to its final destination, but has only one flight
number. No change of flight number. No change of plane.

LAX JFK

Point Point
A DFW C

Point
B
 Type of Flights & Routes
Example of Direct flight-
 Flight from Manila to Taipe is nonstop.
 The plane continued to Los Angeles. The passengers
who stayed on the plane in Taipe and continued flying
to Los Angeles on the second leg of the flight is a
direct flight.
MNL TPE LAX

Point
Point Point
Nonstop C
A B

NO CHANGE OF PLANES
 Type of Flights & Routes
3. Connecting flight - it will take at least two different planes
with two different flight numbers to reach the final
destination.
 Connecting flight from San Francisco to New York via
Chicago where passengers would then disembark and
board another plane for another flight from that city to
New York.
SFO ORD JFK

Point
Point Point
Nonstop C
A B

CHANGE OF PLANES
 Type of Flights & Routes
3. Connecting flight- is one in which the traveler, to get
to his or her destination, must change planes once, twice
or even more times.

MNL TPE HNL LAX

Point Point Point Point

A B B C

Nonstop
CHANGE OF PLANES
Type of Flight Class
 Type of Flight Class

 It is used to describe
 different types of
flights and
 their classification.
 It provides definitions
and examples for
clarification.
 Different Types of Flight Classes
 Economy - commonly called coach class, offer basic
accommodations when you fly and are usually purchased by
leisure travelers traveling for business or pleasure.
 Premium economy - which are a slight improvement over
standard econom and usually provide more distance between
the rows of seats and occasionally may include seats that are a
little bit wider and, therefore, more comfortable
 Business class - also called executive class seats, which are
usually purchased by those traveling for business and which
are usually a higher quality of seats
 First class seats, which offer the most comfortable
accommodations available and are generally more expensive
than all other types of seats
 First Class
 First class is the highest class offered, although some
airlines have branded their new products as above first
class.
 First class usually refers to a limited number (rarely
more than 20) of seats or cabins toward the front of the
aircraft which have more space, comfort, service, and
privacy.
 First Class service is typically the priciest of the classes.
Passengers seating in the first-class section have more
comfortable seating and are often given extravagant
services. These sections are usually occupied by
celebrities and wealthy passengers.
Emirates Boeing 777 First Class Suite
 First Class
 Flight classes codes for first-class seats resemble other classes, and they are
most often broken down as follows:
 A = First Class Discounted
 F = Full Fare First Class
 P = First Class
 R = First Class Suites
 If you are flying domestically on a flight anywhere in the United States,
the code “F” usually refers to a seat on a two-cabin plane. The “P”
code usually stands for Premium and is used for seats on a three-cabin plane
that involves a higher class of service.
 The “R” code was originally discontinued when the Concorde ceased being
used, but it has come back into use ever since the introduction of
the Airbus A380 and certain flights on carriers such as Qantas and
Singapore Airlines.
 In general, the A and P codes sometimes indicate that
the fare is reduced due to certain terms, such as advanced reservation
requirements, refund restrictions, and so on. Once again, the lower-case
“n” after any of these codes usually indicates that the flight is
a nighttime flight.
 Business Class
 For Business Class seats, there are usually five separate codes: C,
D, I, J, and Z. Each code means a specific thing.
 Each carrier may have different meanings for each of the classes, so
it is always good to check and to make sure the codes mean what
you think they mean.
 In general, here is a breakdown of the codes:
 C = Full Fare Business Class
 D = Business Class Discounted
 I = Business Class Discounted
 J = Full Fare Business Class
 Z = Business Class Discounted
 Just like in Economy Class, the small letter “n” found at the end of
a code means that the flight is a nighttime flight.
 Economy Class
 Economy Class cabins are broken down into two categories.
 “Regular Economy” and
 “Premium Economy.”
 Economy Class – coach, standard, main cabin seating is the most
basic of class. It makes up the bulk of the sitting on a flight
 It is the most simple class, with the fewest amenities.
Flight Itinerary
 Flight Itinerary
1. One-way Flight - the traveler just goes from point A
to point B.

A B
2. Round-trip Fight- the most common, the traveler
flies from point A to point B, stays awhile, and then
returns from B to A.

A B
 Flight Itinerary
3. Open-jaw Flight - the traveler flies from point A to
point B, then travels by ground transportation (like car
or rail) from B to C, the returns by air from C to A.
•Flight record- the information in its computer about
a passenger’s trip.

4. Circle Flight - the traveler has two or more extended

stopovers and returns to the originating city.
 Open-Jaw Flight
 An open jaw ticket is a return ticket, however, the
departure and the destination are not the same each
way.
 An open-jaw ticket is an airline return ticket where
the destination and/or the origin are not the same in
both directions.
 For example,
 you fly from New York to Rome, have a little road-trip
around Europe, and fly back from Paris to New York.
NY to Rome, Paris to NY.
 Types of Open-Jaw Flights

 There are three different types of open jaw flights:

1. Destination open-jaw – NY -> Rome, Paris ->
NY
2. Origin open-jaw – NY -> Rome, Rome -> Boston
3. Double open-jaw – NY -> Rome, London ->
Boston
Going to a different airport in the same city is not
considered to be an open-jaw flight
Seat Configuration
 Pitch, Width & Recline
 Seat Pitch – distance
between seat rows. The
space between a point on
one seat and the same point
on the seat in front of it.
Average pitch is 29-32 or
28-34 inches.
 Seat Width – affects
comfort. Average seat is 17-
18 inches wide. Some 19”
 Recline – some seats recline
about 10% others by 45%
or even full recline.
Pitch, Width & Recline
1 - First Class Seat
 First Class Suite
 Some airlines are reintroducing or modelling their first-class sections
as suites
 The 2 m (78 inches) bed is separate from the seat and folds out from
the back wall, with several other components of the suite lowering to
accommodate the mattress. Windows are built into the doors and
blinds offer privacy. Suites located in the center can form a double
bed after the privacy blinds between them are retracted into the
ceiling.
 Other A380 operators like Emirates also have a suite-like first class
with similar amenities but the bed and chair are integrated where a
button is pushed to turn the seat into a bed in seconds and vice versa.
 Etihad Airways introduced a three-room suite called "The
Residence“ which includes its own bedroom with double bed,
dining/living area and fully functional shower.
First Class Suite
 First Class Seat
 First class (also known as
a suite) usually refers to a
limited number (rarely more
than 20) of seats or cabins
toward the front of the aircraft
which have more space,
comfort, service, and privacy.
 In general, first class is the
highest class offered, although
some airlines have branded
their new products as above
first class.
First Class Seat
First Class Seat Category
2 - Business Class Seat
 Business Class Seat
 Long haul business class seats are
substantially different from economy class
seats and many airlines have installed "lie
flat" seats into business class, a feature
previously available only in first class.
 Business class usually permits
 two free check-in bags on domestic
flights
 three check-in bags on long haul flights.
 Some airlines feature Priority baggage
service that ensures your check-in bags are
offloaded first at the destination, allowing
you to spend less time at the baggage
carousel.
 Types of Business Class Seat
 Cradle / Recliner seats are seats with around 160
degrees of recline. The seat pitch of long haul
business class seats typically range from 55–62 in
(140–160 cm), and the seat size of business class seats
typically range from 20–22 in (51–56 cm).
 Types of Business Class Seat
 Angled lie flat seats recline 180 degrees to provide a flat
sleeping surface, but are not parallel to the floor of the
aircraft when reclined, making them less comfortable than
a bed. Seat pitch typically ranges from 55 to 65 in (140 to
170 cm), and seat width usually varies between 18.0 to 23.0
in (46 to 58 cm). Such seats are available on the majority of
international long haul flights.
Angled Lie Flat Seats
 Types of Business Class Seat
 Fully flat seats recline into a flat sleeping surface
which is parallel to the floor. Many airlines offer
such seats in international first class but retain
inferior seating in business class to differentiate the
two products and fares.
Fully Flat Seats Recline
 Cabin Seat
 Cabin seat, These seats are designed to give the business-
class traveler the most privacy they can attain while in flight.
 These seats are typically positioned in a 1–2–1 arrangement
on a wide-body jet. On each side of the seat is a privacy
panel about four feet in height. Aircraft such as these offer
the best ergonomic comfort on long-haul business-class
flights. These were first introduced on US Airways.
Cabin Seat
4 - Economy Seat
 Economy Seat
 The seats here are the narrowest,
 Seat Width ranging from 16 inches to just over
19 inches wide
 Seat pitch, the distance from one seat to the
seat in front or behind it – what travelers often
refer to as “legroom” – ranges from 29 inches
to 32 inches.
 These days, economy offers little more than a
seat that will get you from point A to point B
Economy Seat
Economy Seat
Economy Seat
Thank You