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1012 Quick Reference

The document provides a cheatsheet on various Python concepts including ranges, lists, dictionaries, sets, strings, file handling, random number generation, NumPy, Matplotlib, and Pandas. Key functions and methods are listed for each concept, such as range() for ranges, append() and sort() for lists, keys() and items() for dictionaries, add() for sets, upper() and lower() for strings, read() and write() for files, and random() for random number generation. NumPy functions like array(), linspace(), and random.randint() are also summarized, along with Matplotlib plotting functions like plot(), scatter(), and add_patch(), and Pandas functions like DataFrame() and read_csv().

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38 views2 pages

1012 Quick Reference

The document provides a cheatsheet on various Python concepts including ranges, lists, dictionaries, sets, strings, file handling, random number generation, NumPy, Matplotlib, and Pandas. Key functions and methods are listed for each concept, such as range() for ranges, append() and sort() for lists, keys() and items() for dictionaries, add() for sets, upper() and lower() for strings, read() and write() for files, and random() for random number generation. NumPy functions like array(), linspace(), and random.randint() are also summarized, along with Matplotlib plotting functions like plot(), scatter(), and add_patch(), and Pandas functions like DataFrame() and read_csv().

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COMP 1012 – Cheatsheet

Ranges

range(x) # range from 0 up to and not including x


range(x, y) # range from x up to and not including y
range(x, y, z) # range from x up to and not including y, counting up by z

Lists

list(collection) # convert sequence to list


my_list.append(d)# Append data d to the list
sorted(my_list) # sort my_list (ascending)
my_list.sort() # sort my_list (ascending)
max(my_list) # the maximum value in the list
min(my_list) # the minimum value in the list
my_list.pop(el) # Remove and return an element from location el
my_list.remove(i)# find and remove the first instance of i

Dicts

d = dict()
d.keys() # get a list-like object of all the keys
d.values() # get a list-like object of all the values
d.items() # get a list-like object of all the key-value pairs
d.clear() # delete all key-value pairs
d['key'] = v # set a new key, or overwrite an existing key in the dict

Sets

s = set()
s = set(iterable)
s.add(item) # add an item to the set
s.intersection(s2) # return a set intersection with se
s.difference(s2) # return a set difference
s.union(s2) # return a set union

Strings

All string functions are non-destructive. String functions do not modify the string, but return a transformed copy.
my_str = "My mom loves CAKE."
my_str.upper() # upper-case version
my_str.lower() # lower-case version
my_str.strip() # remove whitespace from beginning and end of string
my_str.split() # split the string on the space character
my_str.index('z') # find first location of 'z', or error if not in string
my_str.split("-") # split the string on the - character
my_str.count("m") # counts how many of a character is in the string
my_str.replace(x, y) # replace all copies of x with y
my_str.format(args) # format the string (with {})
my_str.capitalize() # upper-case first character, lower-case everything else
my_str.isnumeric() # True if all characters are numeric (0 to 9)
my_str.isdecimal() # True if numeric, but allows one . character
my_str.find("s") # return the first index of passed string, or -1 if it is not in my_str

Format codes

7.3f
^ ^^--- floating point (type)
| |
| ----- 3 decimal places (precision)
|
------- display up to 7 characters (width)
• type may be any of d (integer), f (floating point), or s (string)
• width may be 0 or omitted entirely
• precision may be 0 or omitted entirely
File handling

f = open("aFile.txt") # open a file


f.read() # read an entire file
f.readline() # read a single line from the file
f.readlines() # read an entire file into a list of lines
f.close() # close the file
for line in f: # read a file line by line
f.write("something") # write data to a file

Python Random

import random
random.seed(n) # Seed the random number generator
random.random() # A single floating random number [0,1)
random.randint(x, y) # A single integer random number [x,y]
random.choice(list_of_options)
# Choose randomly from the given list

Numpy

import numpy as np
np.array([1,2,3]) # Create np array with values from list
np.linspace(x, y, z) # Return z evenly spaced numbers over a specified interval x-y
np.arange(x, y, z) # Count from x to y by z
np.random.seed(n) # Seed numpy's random number generator
np.random.random(n)
np.random.random(size=n) # Create array size n of random data with data [0, 1)
np.random.random((n, m))
np.random.random(size=(n,m)) # Create 2D array size n by m of random data with data [0, 1)
np.random.randint(x,y,n)
np.random.randint(x,y,size=n) # Create a random array from x to y (not inclusive) of size n
np.random.randint(x,y,(n,m))
np.random.randint(x,y,size=(n,m)) # Create a random 2D array from x to y (not inclusive) of size n by m
np.random.choice(list_of_options, n)
np.random.choice(list_of_options, size=n)
# Create an array size n filled with random data
# Chosen from the passed list
np.zeros(n) # Create an array of n zeros
np.zeros( (n, m) ) # Create a 2D array of zeros, size n by m
np.ones(n) # Create an array of n ones
np.ones( (n, m) ) # Create an array of n ones, size n by m
a = np.random.randint(0, 10, 10)
a.sum() # get the sum of the data in the array
a.prod() # get the product of the data in the array
a.mean() # get the mean of the data in the array
a.std() # get the standard deviation of the data in the array
a.abs() # return an array with the absolute value of the data in a

Matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


plt.scatter(x, y, c) # plot a scatter plot of x vs y, coloured with c
plt.line(x, y, c) # plot a line plot of x vs y, coloured with c
plt.plot(x, y, c) # plot a line (or scatter) of x vs y, coloured with c

# plot a circle
circle = plt.Circle( (0,0), 3) # Circle at (0,0), with radius 3
plt.gca().add_patch(circle) # Plot circle on current plot

rect = plt.Rectangle( (0,0), 1, 2) # rectangle at (0, 0), width 1, height 2


plt.gca().add_patch(rect) # plot rectangle on current plot

Pandas

import pandas as pd
pd.DataFrame({"column1":data, "column2":data2})
pd.read_csv("filename.csv")
pd.read_excel("filename.xls", sheet="sheetname")

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