HTTPSBMC - unideb.hupublicdocuments2022!09!132BMCI Lecture Week2 Compounds Mixtures PDF
HTTPSBMC - unideb.hupublicdocuments2022!09!132BMCI Lecture Week2 Compounds Mixtures PDF
HTTPSBMC - unideb.hupublicdocuments2022!09!132BMCI Lecture Week2 Compounds Mixtures PDF
BMCI
2022
Any characteristic that can be used to describe or identify matter is called a property.
3:4 7:2
Separation of Mixtures
based on different physical properties of the components.
Volatility Evaporation
Distillation is an effective method to separate
mixtures comprised of two or more pure
liquids. The mixture is heated and the most
volatile component vaporizes at the lowest
temperature. The vapor passes through a
cooled tube, where it condenses back into its
liquid state.
Within the categories of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures there are more specific
types of mixtures including solutions, alloys, suspensions, and colloids.
Homogeneous mixtures
Can NOT see the different parts of the mixture.
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures.
Although liquid solutions are most common, solutions can exist
in the gaseous and solid states as well.
Elements Compounds
Cl2(g) HCl(g)
Pure substances…
cannot be separated into two or more substances by physical methods.
are homogeneous, they have uniform composition throughout the whole
sample.
have constant chemical composition.
their properties are constant throughout the whole sample.
Pure Substances
Elements…
consist of only one kind of atom (same atomic number).
cannot be decomposed by CHEMICAL means.
can exist as either atoms (e.g. Ar) or molecules (e.g., N2).
are ’building blocks' of the universe.
are abbreviated by symbols.
Pure Substances
Compounds…
consist of atoms of two or more different elements bound together.
can be decomposed by chemical means to elements/other compounds.
All samples of a compound will have the same elements in the same
ratio.
Classification of Matter
Matter Flowchart
Pure substance
Atoms and Molecules
P4 S8
IONS
H+ H H⁻
1 proton 1 proton 1 proton
1 electron 2 electrons
Forming Cations and Anions
Mg Mg2+ + 2 e- F + e- F-
12 protons 12 protons 9 protons 9 protons
12 electrons 10 electrons 9 electrons 10 electrons
H2 + Cl2 2 HCl
Molecule:
Ionic Bond:
Molecule: the unit of matter that results when two or more atoms are
joined by covalent bond
Chemical Bonds
Ionic Bond
Molecules Ionic
Covalent Compounds
Alanin
(an amino acid) C3H7NO2
Structural formula
A. CHO
B. C2H6O2
C. CH3O
D. C4H12O4
C
Ionic Compounds and
Formula Units
Sodium chloride exists as a crystal:
Ionic Compounds and Formula Units
NaCl does not exist as a single unit like a molecule.
The Na+ and Cl- ions are each bonded to six oppositely charged
neighbors.
The ratio of Na+ and Cl- ions is 1:1.
NaCl is a binary compound, which contains only two different
elements.
The formula unit for sodium chloride is NaCl.
The formula unit, shows the lowest whole number ratio of the ions, is
an empirical formula.
Ionic Compound Formulas
K K+
KF
F F -
+3
Al Al +3 -2
Al S
-2 Al S
S 2 3
S
Mg3N2
In the following drawings, red spheres represent cations and blue
spheres represent anions. Match each of the drawings (a)-(d) with the
following ionic compounds:
Ca3(PO4)2 MgSO4 Li2CO3 FeCl2
MgSO4 Li2CO3
FeCl2 Ca3(PO4)2
Naming Compounds
Common Names
Examples: table salt, quicklime, barbituric acid
Arbitrary
– Not based on chemical composition
– Not consistent among languages or disciplines
Systematic names
– Identify the chemical composition
– Devised by IUPAC
NaCl, CaO
Naming Compounds
Inorganic compounds
Binary ionic compounds
Binary molecular compounds
Compounds with polyatomic ions
Acids
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Binary ionic compounds are named by naming the metal ion
(cation) first, followed by the nonmetal ion (anion).
KF
Identify the positive ion and the
Al2S3 negative ion. Give their name.
BaCl2
Fe2O3
Naming the Ions
Names of main-group monatomic ions are straightforward.
A cation takes the name of the element plus the word "ion."
K+ Al3+ Ba2+
potassium ion aluminum ion barium ion
If the metal can form more than one cation, then the charge is
indicated in parentheses in the name.
ion
ion
ion
ion
ion
ion
ion
N3- nitride ion
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Binary ionic compounds are named by naming the metal
ion (cation) first, followed by the nonmetal ion (anion).
N2F4
dinitrogen tetrafluoride
Naming Chemical Compounds
Whenever the prefix for the first element is “mono,” drop it.
CO2 carbon dioxide
CO carbon monoxide
Give systematic names for the following compounds: