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Approaches To Knowledge Representation

The document describes four different approaches to knowledge representation: 1. Simple relational knowledge represents facts in a table with columns for objects and their relationships. It has little ability for inference. 2. Inheritable knowledge organizes data into a hierarchy of classes where elements inherit values. Individual objects and values are represented with boxes and arrows. 3. Inferential knowledge represents knowledge as formal logic statements that can be used to derive additional facts through inference. 4. Procedural knowledge uses small programs and codes like if-then rules to describe how to perform tasks. It is well-suited to representing heuristic knowledge but cannot capture all cases.

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3K views3 pages

Approaches To Knowledge Representation

The document describes four different approaches to knowledge representation: 1. Simple relational knowledge represents facts in a table with columns for objects and their relationships. It has little ability for inference. 2. Inheritable knowledge organizes data into a hierarchy of classes where elements inherit values. Individual objects and values are represented with boxes and arrows. 3. Inferential knowledge represents knowledge as formal logic statements that can be used to derive additional facts through inference. 4. Procedural knowledge uses small programs and codes like if-then rules to describe how to perform tasks. It is well-suited to representing heuristic knowledge but cannot capture all cases.

Uploaded by

kashish
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© © All Rights Reserved
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1.

Simple relational knowledge:

o It is the simplest way of storing facts which uses the relational method, and each
fact about a set of the object is set out systematically in columns.
o This approach of knowledge representation is famous in database systems where
the relationship between different entities is represented.
o This approach has little opportunity for inference.

Example: The following is the simple relational knowledge representation.

Player Weight Age

Player1 65 23

Player2 58 18

Player3 75 24

2. Inheritable knowledge:

o In the inheritable knowledge approach, all data must be stored into a hierarchy of
classes.
o All classes should be arranged in a generalized form or a hierarchal manner.
o In this approach, we apply inheritance property.
o Elements inherit values from other members of a class.
o This approach contains inheritable knowledge which shows a relation between
instance and class, and it is called instance relation.
o Every individual frame can represent the collection of attributes and its value.
o In this approach, objects and values are represented in Boxed nodes.
o We use Arrows which point from objects to their values.

o Example:
3. Inferential knowledge:

o Inferential knowledge approach represents knowledge in the form of formal


logics.
o This approach can be used to derive more facts.
o It guaranteed correctness.
o Example: Let's suppose there are two statements:

0. Marcus is a man
a. All men are mortal
Then it can represent as;

man(Marcus)
∀x = man (x) ----------> mortal (x)s

4. Procedural knowledge:

o Procedural knowledge approach uses small programs and codes which describes
how to do specific things, and how to proceed.
o In this approach, one important rule is used which is If-Then rule.
o In this knowledge, we can use various coding languages such as LISP
language and Prolog language.
o We can easily represent heuristic or domain-specific knowledge using this
approach.
o But it is not necessary that we can represent all cases in this approach.

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