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Transcription & Translation

1. Transcription involves DNA unwinding and exposing its nucleotides. RNA polymerase joins complementary RNA nucleotides to the DNA template, producing an mRNA copy. 2. Translation involves mRNA entering the ribosome where each codon pairs with a complementary tRNA anticodon. The ribosome joins the amino acids carried by the tRNAs to form a protein chain. 3. Proteins can be detected using the Biuret test, which causes a color change in the presence of proteins.

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82 views8 pages

Transcription & Translation

1. Transcription involves DNA unwinding and exposing its nucleotides. RNA polymerase joins complementary RNA nucleotides to the DNA template, producing an mRNA copy. 2. Translation involves mRNA entering the ribosome where each codon pairs with a complementary tRNA anticodon. The ribosome joins the amino acids carried by the tRNAs to form a protein chain. 3. Proteins can be detected using the Biuret test, which causes a color change in the presence of proteins.

Uploaded by

Dr Dapper
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transcription & Translation

12 September 2023
14:16

1. Describe Transcription

1. DNA strands unwind, unzip and separates into 2 strands,


exposing the nucleotides of the template strand
2. Free RNA nucleotides form complementary pairs with the
exposed bases.
3. RNA polymerase joins the adjacent RNA nucleotides
together to produce an mRNA chain
4. The mRNA chain then leaves the nucleus via pores in the
nuclear membrane and attaches to a ribosome in the
cytoplasm

 Template Strand
 Non-Template Strand
 mRNA

Base State

During Transcription
RNA polymerase (The use of the -ase ending shows this is an enzyme)
2. Describe Translation

 Anticodons are found at the bottom of a tRNA strand


 Anticodons are 3 unpaired bases
 Ribosomes translate the mRNA code into an amino acid
chain, or protein
 This require the mRNA, the ribosome and tRNA molecules
 Each tRNA has an anticodon for a particular amino acid;
the anticodon is complementary to a specific codon. For
example, the tRNA anticodon A-C-C carries the amino acid
Tryptophan

 The mRNA enters the ribosome and, here, each mRNA codon
is matched with a complementary anticodon on a tRNA
 The ribosome then catalyses a reaction joining the
adjacent amino acids together forming a chain of amino
acids
 This chain of amino acids elongates until translation
ends

Anti-codon
Translation
Testing for proteins
Colour change when Biurets is added
Water Light blue
Protein Purple
Protein Synthesis Summary
1. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, producing a
complementary mRNA copy of the gene of interest
2. The mRNA leaves the nucleus, entering the cytoplasm
where it binds with a ribosome
3. tRNA brings specific attached amino acids to the
ribosome
4. Here, codons on the mRNA complementary base pair
with anticodons on the tRNA
5. The amino acids on the tRNAs are joined together by
translation to form an amino acid chain, or protein
Homework
1. mRNA codons are a group of three bases on an mRNA strain
that pair to an anti-codon in tRNA
2. tRNA has two main features that make up its structure.
Firstly, there is the amino acid that is located at the
top of the tRNA. The amino acid is determined by the
second structure, that is the anti-codon at the bottom of
the tRNA. This is a group of three different bases that
pairs to a codon.

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