Expository

Text

by Kate Sinclair

PAIRED
A Favor Repaid
READ

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 STRATEGIES & SKILLS
Comprehension Vocabulary
Strategy: Ask and Answer accidental, careless,
Questions disasters, equipment,
Skill: Author’s Point of View harmful, prevention,
purpose, respond
Vocabulary Strategy
Sentence Clues Content Standards
Social Studies
ELL Vocabulary Civics and Government
damage, settlers
Word count: 1,066**

Photography Credit: Cover Radius/SuperStock.

**The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words
in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or
broadcast for distance learning.

Send all inquiries to:

McGraw-Hill Education
Two Penn Plaza
New York, New York 10121

ISBN: 978-0-02-119288-5
MHID: 0-02-119288-X

Printed in the United States.

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 Essential Question
How do teams work together?

by Kate Sinclair

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
United We Stand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
Firefighters at Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3
Safety in the Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Respond to Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
PAIRED
A Favor Repaid . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
READ
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Focus on Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

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 Introduction
Long ago, people needed fire to live.
People used fire to cook and to keep warm.
But accidental fire was always a danger.
The first settlers made buildings from wood.
Forest grew around the buildings. There
was no running water. There were no fire
departments. A fire could destroy a village
very quickly!

The Great Fire of London caused a lot

of damage. It made people realize it
was important to have rescue teams.

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 In 1666, a big fire swept through the
city of London. The fire lasted three days.
Thousands of houses were burned down.
Many people died.

The London fire started in one small

shop. It was a windy day. The wind quickly
pushed the fire across the city. The fire
caused a lot of damage.
Heritage Images/CORBIS

So people began to come together to

protect themselves from fire.

In Other Words traveled quickly. En español,

swept through quiere decir propagó rapidamente.

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 CHAPTER 1

United We Stand
Fire was a problem for the first settlers
in America. In 1607, people from England
came to Jamestown, Virginia. In 1608, a fire
burned most of the houses in the colony.
Other settlements were also hurt by harmful
fires. In 1653 and 1676, there were two big
fires in Boston.

People realized that they had to respond

quickly to fires. The settlers began to form
volunteer firefighting teams. Their purpose
was to prevent and fight fires.

Fighting Fire in the 1600s

• Buckets of water were kept outside
each house at night.
• Volunteers used long poles to
collect the buckets.
• Volunteers rushed to the fire with
the buckets of water.
• Many volunteers were needed.

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 fire

This building was destroyed by fire in 1882.

William Penn started the city of

Philadelphia in 1682. William Penn tried to
prevent fire when planning his new city.
People had to clean their chimneys more
often. New buildings were built from brick,
instead of wood.

fire engine
(t) CORBIS, (b) Bettmann/CORBIS

This was the first

fire engine built in
the United States.

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 Benjamin Franklin was
one of the people that
helped start America.
Franklin had seen fire
in Boston. He started
a volunteer firefighting
group in Philadelphia.
In 1736, he started a
fire brigade, or team,
called The Union Fire
Company. The fire Benjamin Franklin
brigade had 30 volunteers. helped set up a
firefighting team
These volunteers became
in Philadelphia.
heroes where they lived.

Women Firefighters
Women began volunteering in the 1800s.
The first known female volunteer was African
Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division [LC-USZC2-2004]

American woman Molly Williams. She fought

fires wearing a dress and an apron. Another
volunteer was Marina Betts. She became well
known for throwing buckets of water over
men who wouldn’t help fight fires!

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 Working as a team was an important part
of being a volunteer firefighter. Volunteers
made a line and passed the buckets of
water from one person to another. This
helped the water to reach the fire as soon
as possible.

With today’s firefighting equipment,

not as many volunteers are needed.
But volunteering is still very important.
Firefighters still need STOP AND CHECK

to work together. How did William Penn

and Ben Franklin help
prevent and fight fires?

Firefighters work to put out a fire in Atlanta, Georgia.

ladder

fire truck
Skip Nall/Photodisc/Getty Images

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 CHAPTER 2

Firefighters at Work
There are now more than 30,000 fire
departments in the United States. Most of
the fire departments have volunteers. There
are more than 800,000 volunteers in fire
departments! All volunteers feel a civic duty.
They volunteer so that they can help the
people in their community.

Today’s firefighters use modern equipment,

including high-pressure hoses, to fight fires.

high-pressure hose Mark Karrass/CORBIS

firefighters

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 paramedic

firefighter

Firefighters often work with members of other teams,

such as paramedics.

Firefighters work in teams. There is usually

a captain in charge. There are many different
jobs firefighters must learn. They learn to
drive the fire truck, hook up the hoses,
set up the ladders, and enter a burning
building safely.

Volunteer firefighters also help out during

natural disasters, car accidents, and medical
emergencies. The team needs to take care of
the equipment used during fires.
Mike Watson Images/Alamy

Language Look at the underlined words. Is

Detective they a plural pronoun or a singular
pronoun? Is learn a past-tense verb
or a present-tense verb?
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 Volunteer firefighters need a lot of training.
Volunteers need to know all about fire safety.
They must also be able to crawl through
small spaces. Volunteers need to move heavy
ladders. Volunteers must be able to drag a
heavy hose and carry the hose up and down
many flights of stairs. Volunteers must be
able to carry a 180-pound dummy, or model
of a person, through a doorway.

Firefighters wear protective gear

and carry heavy equipment.

hose
protective gear

STOP AND CHECK

What are some things volunteer

Radius/SuperStock

firefighters need to be able to do?

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 All in a Day’s Work
Read about this firefighter’s day.

The alarm is ringing.

A house is on fire. We
run to the fire truck.
We take our seats. Joe is
our driver. My job is to
control the hose. Anne
looks after the ladders.
When we get to the fire,
it is hard to control.
We all wear protective
clothing and breathing
apparatus. First, we help
clear the house. An older
man is last out. He is
having trouble breathing.
Peter is our first aid
officer. He gives the older man Firefighters work
oxygen. He helps the older man together at a fire.
to breathe again. Our new
equipment helps make sure the fire is out.
We are all very tired! But everyone is safe.
PBNJ Productions/Blend Images/CORBIS

Language Reread page 11. Find a sentence

Detective that has a singular pronoun and
a present-tense verb about Peter.

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 CHAPTER 3

Safety in the Home

One of a firefighter’s jobs is to teach
people about fire safety and fire prevention.
Keep reading to learn about keeping safe in
a fire.

Escape!
Talk to your family about the best ways
out of the house, especially at night. Choose
a place away from the house to meet.
Choose someone to count people so that
you know that everyone is out of the house.
Call the fire department as soon as possible.
Always call from outside your home.

If your clothing
catches fire,
drop to the
floor and roll
over to put out
STOP DROP ROLL the flames.

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 High-Rise Buildings stairs
If you live in a tall
building, find out where
the nearest fire exit is.
Make sure you can get
there in the dark. When
you leave the building,
stay out. If you think
anyone is still inside,
tell the fire department.
Stairs are the safest
way out of a high-rise
building during a fire.

Smoke Alarms
A working smoke alarm
can tell you there is a fire.
(tr) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Luke David, photographer, (bl) S. Wanke/PhotoLink/Getty Images

A smoke alarm can save

your life. Make sure your
home has one. Change the

alarm
batteries every six months.

smoke STOP AND CHECK

What are some things to

remember if there is a fire
A working smoke in your home?
alarm saves lives!

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 Conclusion
People have known for a long time that
teamwork helps protect the community from
fires. Today, many people have busy lives.
It can be difficult for people to find time
to volunteer for services such as firefighting.
But the work of volunteer firefighters is as
important as ever.

DreamPictures/Blend Images LLC

Firefighters teach people of all ages about fire safety.

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 Summarize Details

Summarize what you have

learned about volunteer
firefighters. Use the chart
Point of View
to help you.

Text Evidence
1. Firefighting Heroes is an expository text. This
type of text gives information about a topic.
Find two examples of information about
firefighters in the text. GENRE

2. How does the author describe volunteer

firefighters? Give one example. AUTHOR’S POINT
OF VIEW

3. What do you think prevent on page 4 means?

Write the same sentence using another
word that means the same thing as prevent.
SENTENCE CLUES

4. Write a short paragraph describing how the

author feels about volunteer firefighters. WRITE
ABOUT READING

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 Compare Texts
Read about a woman who gets help from a very
unusual source.

A Favor Repaid
Sal Fink was the daughter of a boatman. She
was brave and loud.
One day, Sal was walking through the forest.
Then she heard a noise coming from a tree. She
saw three sleeping bear cubs. Sal bent down to
pat them. Patting wild animals is not a good
idea. But Sal was careless about her safety.

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 Sal heard something behind her. She turned to
see an angry mother bear. The bear was going
to attack. Sal did not back away. First, she yelled.
That stopped the bear for a moment. Then Sal
wrestled the bear until it was on the ground.

Sal had the bear at her mercy. Sal looked at

the cubs. She patted the bear and walked away.
Two years later, Sal was busy cutting down a
tree. Suddenly, Sal smelled smoke and heard the
crackle of burning wood. Every way Sal looked,
she could see the flames.
Sal knew how fast wildfires could spread. She
yelled loudly, but no one heard her. At least that
Text: Karen Alexander, Illustration: Helen Tudor

is what Sal thought.

In Other Words in her power. En español,

at her mercy quiere decir a su merced.

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 A few minutes later, a bear came running out
of the trees. The bear recognized Sal’s voice. The
bear was afraid of fire. But the bear remembered
that Sal had let it live. The bear ran toward Sal.
Then the bear ran back the way it had come.
Sal understood the bear wanted her to follow it.

Text: Karen Alexander, Illustration: Helen Tudor

Sal and the bear got to the river. Sal held onto
the bear’s fur all the way to the other side of
the river. Sal was safe. The bear ran off and Sal
never saw it again.

Make Connections
What do you think was the main idea in A Favor
Repaid? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How are Firefighting Heroes and A Favor Repaid
examples of teamwork? TEXT TO TEXT
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 Glossary
apparatus the equipment needed for a particular
purpose (page 11)

civic duty the responsibilities of a citizen (page 8)

colony a place where people first settle in a land

that is new to them (page 4)

volunteer a person who offers to do a job without

getting paid money (page 4)

Index
Boston, 4, 6 Jamestown, 4
equipment, 7–11 Penn, William, 5
Franklin, Benjamin, 6, 7 Philadelphia, 5, 6
Great Fire of London, 2, 3

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 Purpose To find out about volunteers.

What to Do
Step 1 Work with a partner. Choose a group that
uses volunteers, such as a food bank or an
animal shelter.

Step 2 Find out as much as you can about the

group. Find out things such as how the
group works and what its goals are.

Step 3 Find out what volunteers do.

Step 4 Write a short paragraph about what the

group does.

Step 5 Write a short paragraph about what

volunteers do.

Conclusion What did you learn about the

organization?

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 Literature Circles

Nonfiction

The Topic
What is Firefighting Heroes
mostly about?

Vocabulary
What new words did you learn?
Find two key words in the text that
are about the topic.

Author’s Purpose
Why did the author write Firefighting
Heroes and A Favor Repaid?

Conclusions
What is the most important thing you
learned in Firefighting Heroes?

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 Teaming Up Social Studies

GR O • Benchmark 34 • Lexile [t/k]

Grade 3 • Unit 5 Week 3

www.mheonline.com

ISBN-13 978-0-02-119288-5
MHID 0-02-119288-X
99701
EAN

9 780021 192885
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