Trigonometry

Trigonometry
When writing about transcendental issues, be transcendentally clear....... Descartes, Rene
The word 'trigonometry' is derived from the Greek words 'trigon' and ' metron' and it means 'measuring
the sides and angles of a triangle'.
Angle :
Angle is a measure of rotation of a given ray about its initial point. The original ray is called the initial
side and the final position of the ray after rotation is called the terminal side of the angle. The point of
rotation is called the vertex. If the direction of rotation is anticlockwise, the angle is said to be positive
and if the direction of rotation is clockwise, then the angle is negative.
B
Initial Side
Vertex O A
ide
lS
i na Te
m
Ter rm
ina
lS
Vertex O A ide
Initial Side
B
(i) Positive angle (ii) Negative angle
(anticlockwise measurement) (clockwise measurement)
Systems For Measurement of Angles :

An angle can be measured in the following systems.
1
1. Sexagesimal System (British System) : In this system of a complete circular turn is called a
360
1 1
degree (°), of a degree is called a minute () and of a minute is called a second ().
60 60
One right angle = 90°, 1° = 60, 1 = 60
1
2. Centesimal System (French System) : In this system of a complete circular turn is called a
400
1 1
grade (g), of a grade is called a minute and of a minute is called a second .
100 100
 One right angle = 100g; 1g = 100 ; 1 = 100
Note : The minutes and seconds in the Sexagesimal system are different with the minutes and seconds
respectively in the Centesimal System. Symbols in both systems are also different.
3. Circular System (Radian Measurement)

The angle subtended by an arc of a circle whose length is equal to the radius of the circle at the centre of the
circle is called a radian. In this system the unit of measurement is radian (c)
As the circumference of a circle of radius 1 unit is 2 , therefore one complete revolution of the initial side
subtends an angle of 2 radian.
More generally, in a circle of radius r, an arc of length r will subtend an angle of 1 radian. It is well-known that
equal arcs of a circle subtend equal angle at the centre. Since in a circle of radius r, an arc of length r

subtends an angle whose measure is 1 radian, an arc of length  will subtend an angle whose measure is
r

radian. Thus, if in a circle of radius r, arc of length  subtends an angle  radian at the centre, we have  =
r
or = r .
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Trigonometry
B B 2
1 1
1
 O 1 A
 1 A
O 1 O O
A  1 A 
1
1 1
B B 2
 = 1 radian  = –1 radian  = 2 radian  = –2 radian
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Note : # If no symbol is mentioned while showing measurement of angle, then it is considered to be

measured in radians.
e.g.  = 15 implies 15 radian
# Area of circular sector :
1 2
Area = r  sq. units
2
Relation between radian, degree and grade :

 radian = 90° = 100g
2
Trigonometric Ratios for Acute Angles :
Let a revolving ray OP starts from OA and revolves into the position OP, thus tracing out the angle AOP.
In the revolving ray take any point P and draw PM perpendicular to the initial ray OA.
In the right angle triangle MOP, OP is the hypotenuse, PM is the perpendicular, and OM is the base.
The trigonometrical ratios, or functions, of the angle AOP are defined as follows :
MP Perp.
, i.e., , is called the Sine of the angle AOP;
OP Hyp.
OM Base
, i.e. Hyp. , is called the Cosine of the angle AOP;
OP
MP Perp.
, i.e. , is called the Tangent of the angle AOP;
OM Base
OM Base
, i.e. , is called the Cotangent of the angle AOP;
MP Perp.
OP Hyp.
, i.e. , is called the Secant of the angle AOP;
OM Base
OP Hyp.
, i.e. , is called the Cosecant of the angle AOP;
MP Perp.
The quantity by which the cosine falls short of unity

i.e. 1 – cos AOP, is called the Versed Sine of AOP; also the quantity 1 – sin AOP, by which the sine falls
short of unity, is called the Coversed Sine of AOP.
It can be noted that the trigonometrical ratios are all real numbers.
The names of these eight ratios are written, for brevity, sin AOP, cos AOP, tan AOP, cot AOP, cosec AOP, sec
AOP, vers AOP, and covers AOP respectively
Trigonometry
Trigonometric ratios for angle   R :
We will now extend the definition of trigonometric ratios to any
angle in terms of radian measure and study them as
trigonometric functions. (also called circular functions)
Consider a unit circle (radius 1 unit) with centre at origin
of the coordinate axes. Let at origin of the coordinate axes.
Let P(a, b) be any point on the circle with angle AOP = x
radian, i.e., length of arc AP = x
We define cos x = a and sin x = b Since  OMP is a right
triangle, we have OM2 + MP2 = OP2 or a2 + b2 =1 Thus, for
every point on the unit circle, we have
a2 + b2 = 1 or cos2x + sin2 x = 1

Since one complete revolution subtends an angle of 2 radian at the centre of the circle,  AOB = ,
2
3 
 AOC =  and AOD = . All angles which are integral multiples of are called quadrantal angles. The
2 2
coordinates of the points A, B, C and D are, respectively, (1, 0), (0, 1), (–1, 0) and (0, –1). Therefore, for
quadrantal angles, we have
cos 0 = 1 sin 0 = 0,
 
cos =0 sin =1
2 2
cos  = –1 sin  = 0
3 3
cos =0 sin =–1
2 2
cos 2 = 1 sin 2 = 0
Now if we take one complete revolution from the position OP, we again come back to same position OP.
Thus, we also observe that if x increases (or decreases) by any integral multiple of 2 , the values of sine and
cosine functions do not change. Thus, sin (2n + x) = sin x , n  Z, cos (2n + x) = cos x, n  Z. Further,
sin x = 0, if x = 0, ±  , ± 2 , ± 3 ....., i.e., when x is an integral multiple of  and cos x = 0, if
 3 5 
x=± ,± ,± , .....i.e., cos x vanishes when x is an odd multiple of . Thus sin x = 0 implies
2 2 2 2

x = n , where n is any integer cos x = 0 implies x = (2n + 1) , where n is any integer..
2
We now define other trigonometric functions in terms of sine and cosine functions :
1
cosec x = , x  n , where n is any integer.
sin x
1 
sec x = , x  (2n + 1) , where n is any integer..
cos x 2
sin x 
tan x = , x  (2n + 1) , where n is any integer..
cos x 2
cos x
cot x = , x  n , where n is any integer..
sin x
We have shown that for all real x, sin2x + cos2x = 1

It follows that 1 + tan2x = sec2x (Think ! ) {x  (2n + 1) ; n  Z}
2
1 + cot2x = cosec2x (Think !) {x  n ; n  Z}
Sign of The Trigonometric Functions

(i) If is in the first quadrant then P(a, b) lies in the first quadrant. Therefore a > 0, b > 0 and hence the
values of all the trigonometric functions are positive.
(ii) If is in the quadrant then P(a, b) lies in the quadrant. Therefore a < 0, b > 0 and hence the
values sin, cosec are positive and the remaining are negative.
Trigonometry
(iii) If is in the quadrant then P(a, b) lies in the quadrant. Therefore a < 0, b < 0 and hence the
values of tan, cot are positive and the remaining are negative.
(iv) If is in the V quadrant then P(a, b) lies in the IV quadrant. Therefore a > 0, b < 0 and hence the
values of cos, sec are positive and the remaining are negative.
Values of trigonometric functions of certain popular angles are shown in the following table :
   
0
6 4 3 2
0 1 1 2 1 3 3 4
sin 0    1
4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4
3 1 1
cos 1 0
2 2 2
1
tan 0 1 3 N.D.
3
N.D. implies not defined
The values of cosec x, sec x and cot x are the reciprocal of the values of sin x, cosx and tan x, respectively.
Trigonometric Ratios of allied angles

 3
If  is any angle, then  ± ,  ± , ± , 2 ±  etc. are called allied angles.
2 2
 Trigonometric Ratios of ( –  ) :
Let be an angle in the standard position in the quadrant. Let its terminal side cuts the circle with centre ‘O’
and radius r in P (x, y).
Let P(x, y) be the point of intersection of the terminal side of the angle – in the standard position with the
circle.
Now MOP = MOP (numerically) and P & Phave the same projection M in the x - axis
 OMP OMPx = xand y = – y
y –y
 sin (– ) = = = – sin . (x , y)
r r
P
x x
cos (– ) = = = cos  r
r r y
x
y y O M
tan (– ) = =– = – tan 
x x
x x P
cot (– ) = = = – cot . (x, y)
y –y
r r POM = 
sec (– = = = sec. MOP = – 
x x
r r
cosec (– ) = = = – cosec 
y –y
Similarly if is in the other quadrants then the above results can also be proved.
 Trigonometric Ratios of – 

Let be an angle in the standard position in the quadrant. Let its terminal side cuts the circle with centre ‘O’
and radius r at P (x, y). Let P(x, y) be the point of intersection of the terminal side of the angle – with
the circle. Let M and Mbe the projections of P and Prespectively in the x-axis.
Since OMPOMP, x= – x, y= y
y y
 sin (– ) = = = sin .
r r
x x
cos (– ) = = – = – cos.
r r
Trigonometry
y y
tan (– ) = = = – tan .
x –x
x x
cot (– ) = = – = – cot .
y y
r r
sec (– ) = = = – sec .
x –x
r r
cosec (– ) = y = y = cosec .
 
 Trigonometric Ratios of  –   :
 2 
Similarly we can easily prove the following results.
     
sin  –   = cos  , tan  –   = cot  cosec  –   = sec 
 2   2   2 
     
cos  –   = sin , cot  –   = tan , sec  –   = cosec 
2  2  2 
 
 Trigonometric Ratios of    
2 
     
sin     = cos , tan     =– cot , cosec     = sec 
 2   2   2 
     
cos     = – sin , cot     = – tan , sec     = – cosec 
2  2  2 
 Trigonometric Ratios of ( + )
sin (+ ) = – sin , tan (+ ) = tan  cosec (+ ) = – cosec 
cos (+ ) = – cos , cot (+ ) = cot , sec (+ ) = – sec 
 3 
 Trigonometric Ratios of  – 
 2 
 3   3   3 
sin  –   = – cos , tan  –   = cot , cosec  –   = – sec 
 2   2   2 
 3   3   3 
cos     = – sin , cot  –   = tan , sec  –   = – cosec ,
 2   2   2 
 3 
 Trigonometric Ratios of   
 2 
 3   3   3 
sin     = – cos , cos     = sin , tan     = – cot ,
 2   2   2 
 3   3   3 
cot     = – tan , sec     = cosec , cosec     = – sec 
 2   2   2 
Trigonometry
Think, and fill up the blank blocks in following table.
    2 5 7 4 3 5 11
0  2
6 4 3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6
1 1 3
sin 0 1
2 2 2
3 1 1
cos 1 0
2 2 2
1
tan 0 1 3 N.D.
3
Trigonometric functions:
(i) y = sin x Domain : x  R
Range : y  [–1, 1]
y
0
3    3
x
–2 – 2
2 2 2 2
–1
(ii) y = cos x Domain : x  R

Range : y  [ – 1, 1]
y
0

x
–2 3 –   3 2
2 2 2 2
–1
 
(iii) y = tan x Domain : x  R – (2n  1)  , n 
 2
Range : y  R
y
 
– 2 0 2 
x
– 32 3
2 0
(iv) y = cot x Domain : x  R – {n}, n 

Range : y  R
y
   3 x
– 0 2
2 2 2
Trigonometry
(v) y = cosec x Domain : x  R – {n}, n 
Range : y  (,  1]  [1, )
 
(vi) y = sec x Domain : x R – (2n  1)  , n 
 2
Range : y  (,  1]  [1, )
Trigonometric functions of sum or difference of two angles:

(a) sin (A ± B) = sinA cosB ± cosA sinB
(b) cos (A ± B) = cosA cosB  sinA sinB
(c) sin²A  sin²B = cos²B  cos²A = sin (A+B). sin (A B)
(d) cos²A  sin²B = cos²B  sin²A = cos (A+B). cos (A  B)
tan A  tan B cot A cot B  1
(e) tan (A ± B) = (f) cot (A ± B) =
1  tan A tan B cot B  cot A
(g) sin (A + B + C) = sin A cos B cos C + sin B cos A cos C + sin C cos A cos B – sin A sin B sin C
(h) cos (A + B + C) = cos A cos B cos C – cos A sin B sin C – sin A cos B sin C – sin A sin B cos C
tan A  tan B  tanCtan A tan B tan C
(i) tan (A + B + C) = 1  tan A tan B  tan B tan C tan C tan A .
S1  S 3  S 5  ......
(j) tan (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + n ) =
1  S 2  S 4  .......
where Si denotes sum of product of tangent of angles taken i at a time
Example # 1 : Prove that
(i) sin (45º + A) cos (45º – B) + cos (45º + A) sin (45º – B) = cos (A – B)
   3 
(ii) tan     tan     = –1
4   4 
Solution : (i) Clearly sin (45º + A) cos (45º – B) + cos (45º + A) sin (45º – B)
= sin (45º + A + 45º – B) = sin (90º + A – B) = cos (A – B)
   3  1  tan  1  tan 
(ii) tan     × tan    = × =–1
 4   4  1  tan  1  tan 
Trigonometry
Self practice problems :
22 4
(1) If cos  = , sin  = , then find cos ( + )
3 5
(2) Find the value of cos 375º
A A
(3) Prove that 1 + tan A tan = tan A cot – 1 = sec A
2 2
6 24 3 1
Answers : (1) (2)
15 2 2
Transformation formulae :
CD CD
(i) sin(A+B) + sin(A  B) = 2 sinA cosB (a) sinC + sinD = 2 sin cos
2 2
CD CD
(ii) sin(A+B)  sin(A  B) = 2 cosA sinB (b) sinC  sinD = 2 cos sin
2 2
CD CD
(iii) cos(A+B) + cos(A  B) = 2 cosA cosB (c) cosC + cosD = 2 cos cos
2 2
CD DC
(iv) cos(A  B)  cos(A+B) = 2 sinA sinB (d) cosC  cosD = 2 sin sin
2 2
 15A  A
Example # 2 : Prove that cos7A + cos8A = 2cos   cos  
 2  2
 15A  A
Solution : L.H.S. cos7A + cos8A = 2cos   cos  
 2  2
CD CD
[  cos C+ cos D = 2 cos cos ]
2 2
Example # 3 : Find the value of 2sin3 sin – cos2+ cos4
Solution : 2sin3 sin – cos2+ cos4 = 2 sin 3 sin  – 2sin3 sin = 0
sin 8 cos   sin 6 cos 3
(i) = tan 2
cos 2 cos   sin 3 sin 4
(ii) If A + B = 45º then prove that (1 + tanA) (1 + tanB) = 2
2 sin 8 cos   2 sin 6 cos 3 sin 9  sin 7  sin 9  sin 3 2 sin 2 cos 5
Solution : (i) = = = tan 2
2 cos 2 cos   2 sin 3 sin 4 cos 3  cos   cos   cos 7 2 cos 5 cos 2
(ii) A + B = 45º
tan A  tanB
tan (A + B) = 1  =1
1– tan A tanB
tanA + tanB = 1 – tanA tanB  tanA + tanB + tanA tanB + 1 = 2
(1 + tanA) (1 + tanB) = 2
Self practice problems
(4) Prove that
13 x 3x cos A  cos3A
(i) cos 8x – cos 5x = – 2 sin sin (ii) = – tan2A
2 2 sinA  sin3A
sin2A  sin4A  sin6A  sin8A
(iii) = tan 5A
cos2A  cos 4A  cos6A  cos8A
Trigonometry
sin A  2 sin 3 A  sin 5 A sin 3 A sin A  sin 5A  sin 9 A  sin 13 A

(iv) = (v) = cot 4A
sin 3A  2 sin 5 A  sin 7A sin 5 A cos A  cos 5A  cos 9 A  cos 13 A
 7 3 11
(5) Prove that sin sin + sin sin = sin 2 sin 5
2 2 2 2
(6) Prove that cos A sin (B – C) + cos B sin (C – A) + cos C sin (A – B) = 0
 9 3 5
(7) Prove that 2 cos cos + cos + cos =0
13 13 13 13
Multiple and sub-multiple angles :

(a) sin 2A = 2 sinA cosA
 
Note : sin  = 2 sin
cos etc.
2 2
(b) cos 2A = cos²A  sin²A = 2cos²A  1 = 1  2 sin²A
 
Note : 2 cos² = 1 + cos , 2 sin² = 1  cos .
2 2
2 tan A 2 tan 2
(c) tan 2A = Note : tan  =
1  tan 2 A 1  tan 2 2
2 tan A 1tan 2 A
(d) sin 2A = 2 , cos 2A =
1  tan A 1 tan2 A
(e) sin 3A = 3 sinA  4 sin3A
(f) cos 3A = 4 cos3A  3 cosA
3 tan A  tan3 A
(g) tan 3A =
1  3 tan 2 A
sin 2A
(i) = tan A
1  cos 2A
(ii) tan A + cot A = 2 cosec 2 A
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B) A B

(iii) = tan cot
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B) 2 2
sin 2A 2 sin A cos A

Solution : (i) L.H.S. = = tan A
1  cos 2A 2 cos 2 A
1  tan 2 A  1  tan 2 A  2
(ii) L.H.S. tan A + cot A = = 2  2 tan A  = = 2 cosec 2 A
tan A   sin 2A
A A A 
2 sin 2  2 sin sin  B 
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B) 2 2  2 
(iii) L.H.S. =
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B) 2 A A A 
2 cos  2 cos cos  B 
2 2  2 
 A A   A B B 
 sin  sin  B    2 sin cos  
A 2 2  A  2  2  A B
= tan  = tan = tan cot
2  A A  2  A B B  2 2
 cos 2  cos 2  B    2 sin 2 sin 2  
     
Trigonometry
sin4  sin2 2 tan 
(8) Prove that =
1 cos4  cos2 1  tan2 
 3 5 7 1
(9) Prove that sin sin sin sin =
18 18 18 18 16
(10) Prove that tan 3A tan 2A tan A = tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A

 A
(11) Prove that tan  45 º  = sec A + tan A
 2
Important trigonometric ratios of standard angles :

(a) sin n  = 0 ; cos n  = (1)n ; tan n  = 0, where n  
 3 1 5
(b) sin 15° or sin = = cos 75° or cos ;
12 2 2 12
 3 1 5
cos 15° or cos = = sin 75° or sin ;
12 2 2 12
3 1 3 1
tan 15° = = 2 3 = cot 75° ; tan 75° = = 2 3 = cot 15°
3 1 3 1
 5 1
(c) sin or sin 18° = = cos 72°
10 4
 5 1
cos 36° or cos = = sin 54°
5 4
Conditional identities:
If A + B + C =  then :
(i) sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4 sinA sinB sinC
A B C
(ii) sinA + sinB + sinC = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
(iii) cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C =  1  4 cos A cos B cos C
A B C
(iv) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
(v) tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC
A B B C C A
(vi) tan tan + tan tan + tan tan =1
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
(vii) cot + cot + cot = cot . cot . cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
(viii) cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1
Example # 6 : If A + B + C = 90°, Prove that, tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A = 1
Solution : A + B = 90º – C
tan A  tanB
 cot C
1– tan A tanB
tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A = 1
Trigonometry
2x 2y 2z 2x 2y 2z
Example # 7 : If x + y + z = xyz, Prove that 2
+ 2 + 2
= . . .
1 x 1 y 1 z 1 x 2
1 y 2
1 z2
Solution : Put x = tanA, y = tanB and z = tanC,
so that we have
tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC  A + B + C = n where n  
Hence L.H.S.
2x 2y 2z 2 tan A 2 tan B 2 tan C
 + 2 + = 2 + 2 + .
1 x 2
1 y 1 z 2
1  tan A 1  tan B 1  tan 2 C
= tan2A + tan2B + tan2C [  A + B + C = n ]
2x 2y 2z
= tan2A tan2B tan2C = . .
1 x 2 1 y2 1 z2
Self practice problem
(12) If A + B + C = 180°, prove that
BC CA A B
(i) sin(B + 2C) + sin(C + 2A) + sin(A + 2B) = 4sin sin sin
2 2 2
sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C A B C
(ii) = 8 sin sin sin .
sin A  sin B  sin C 2 2 2
(13) If A + B + C = 2S, prove that
(i) sin(S – A) sin(S – B) + sinS sin (S – C) = sinA sinB.
A B C
(ii) sin(S – A) + sin (S – B) + sin(S – C) – sin S = 4sin sin sin .
2 2 2
Sine and Cosine series:

n
sin 2  n1 
(i) sin  + sin (+) + sin ( + 2 ) +...... + sin   (n  1)  =  
 sin 

sin 2 
2
n
sin 2  n 1 
(ii) cos  + cos (+) + cos ( + 2 ) +.... + cos   (n  1)  =  
 cos 

sin 2 
2
where :   2m, m  
sin2 n
Example # 8 : (i) Prove that sin + sin3 + sin5 + .... + sin(2n–1)=
sin 
(ii) Find the average of sin2º, sin4º, sin6º , ...... , sin180º
 3 5 7 9 1
(iii) Prove that cos + cos + cos + cos + cos =
11 11 11 11 11 2
 2     (2n – 1) 
sinn   sin  
 2   2  sin2 n
Solution : (i) sin + sin3 + sin5 + .... + sin(2n–1) = =
 2  sin 
sin  
 2 
sin2º  sin 4º ....  sin180º sin90º (sin91º ) cos1º cot 1º

(ii) = = = =
90 90 sin1º 90 sin1º 90
10 5 10 
cos sin sin
 3 5 7 9 22 11 11 1
(iii) cos + cos + cos + cos + cos = =  = 2
11 11 11 11 11 
sin 2 sin
11 11
Trigonometry
Self practice problem
Find sum of the following series :

 3 5
(14) cos + cos + cos + ...... up to n terms.
2n  1 2n  1 2n  1
(15) sin2 + sin3 + sin4 + ..... + sin n, where (n + 2) = 2

1
Answers : (14) – (15) 0.
2
Product series of cosine angles
sin 2n 
cos  . cos 2 . cos22 . cos23 ...... cos2n–1 =
2n sin 
Range of trigonometric expression:
E = a sin  + b cos 
 a b 
 E= 2 2  sin   cos 
a b  a 2  b 2 a2  b2 
b a
Let 2 2
= sin  & = cos 
a b a  b2
2
b
 E = a 2  b 2 sin ( + ), where tan  =
a
Hence for any real value of ,
 a 2  b2  E  a b
2 2
Example # 9 : (i) If +  = 90º then find the maximum value of sin sin
(ii) Find maximum and minimum value of 1 + 2sinx + 3cos2x
1
Solution : (i) sinsin(90º – ) = sincos = × sin2
2
1
maximum value =
2
2
 2 2 sin x   1 13
(ii) 1 + 2sinx + 3cos x = – 3sin x + 2sinx + 4=– 3  sin x 
2 2  +4=–3  sin x   +
 3   3 3
2 2
 1 16 16  1
Now 0   sin x     –  – 3  sin x    0
 3 9 3  3
2
 1 13 13
– 1  – 3  sin x   + 
 3 3 3
(16) Find maximum and minimum values of following
(i) 3 + (sinx – 2) 2 (ii) 9cos2x + 48sinx cosx – 5sin2x – 2
   
(iii) 2 sin     + 3 cos    
 6  6
Answers : (i) max = 12, min = 4. (ii) max = 25, min = –25
(iii) max = 13 , min = – 13
Trigonometry
Trigonometric Equation :
An equation involving one or more trigonometric ratios of an unknown angle is called a trigonometric
equation.
Solution of Trigonometric Equation :

A solution of trigonometric equation is the value of the unknown angle that satisfies the equation.
1  3 9 11
e.g. if sin =  = , , , , ...........
2 4 4 4 4
Thus, the trigonometric equation may have infinite number of solutions (because of their periodic nature) and
can be classified as :
(i) Principal solution (ii) General solution.
Principal solutions :
The solutions of a trigonometric equation which lie in the interval [0, 2) are called Principal solutions.
1
e.g. Find the Principal solutions of the equation sinx = .
2
Solution :
1
 sinx =
2
 there exists two values
 5 1
i.e. and which lie in [0, 2) and whose sine is
6 6 2
1  5
 Principal solutions of the equation sinx = are ,
2 6 6
General Solution :
The expression involving an integer 'n' which gives all solutions of a trigonometric equation is called
General solution. General solution of some standard trigonometric equations are given below.
General Solution of Some Standard Trigonometric Equations :

  
(i) If sin  = sin    = n  + (1)n  where    ,  , n  .
 2 2
(ii) If cos  = cos    = 2n ±  where   [0, ], n  .
  
(iii) If tan  = tan    = n +  where    ,  , n  .
 2 2
(iv) If sin²  = sin²    = n  ± , n  .

(v) If cos²  = cos²    = n  ± , n  .
(vi) If tan²  = tan²    = n  ± , n  . [Note:  is called the principal angle ]
Some Important deductions :
(i) sin = 0   = n, n 


(ii) sin = 1   = (4n + 1) ,n
2

(iii) sin = – 1   = (4n – 1) , n 
2
Trigonometry

(iv) cos = 0   = (2n + 1) ,n
2
(v) cos = 1   = 2n, n 
(vi) cos = – 1  = (2n + 1), n

(vii) tan = 0   = n, n 
1
Example # 10: Solve cos  =
2
1  
Solution :  cos  =  cos = cos   = 2n ± , n 
2 3 3
2
Example # 11 : Solve : sec 2 = –
3
2 3
Solution :  sec 2 = –  cos2 = –
3 2
5 5
 cos2 = cos  2 = 2n ± , n 
6 6
5
  = n ± , n 
12
3
Example # 12 : Solve tan =
4
3
Solution :  tan = ............(i)
4
3
Let = tan  tan = tan
4
3
  = n + , where  = tan–1   , n
4
Self Practice Problems :
3
(17) Solve cot = – 1 (18) Solve cos4 = –
2
 n 
Answers : (17)  = n – , n (18)  , n 
4 2 24
Example # 13 : Solve tan2 = 1

Solution :  tan2 = 1  tan2 = (1)2
 
 tan2 = tan2   = n ± , n 
4 4
Trigonometry
Example # 14 : Solve 4 sec2 = 5 + tan2
Solution :  4 sec2 = 5 + tan2 .............(i)

For equation (i) to be defined  (2n + 1) , n 
2
 equation (i) can be written as:
4(1 + tan2) = 5 + tan2

3tan2= 1
tan2= tan2/6

 = n ± , n 
6
tan 3x  tan 2x
(19) Solve =1 (20) Solve 2 cos2x + sin22x = 2
1  tan 3x tan 2x

Answers : (19) no Solution (20) n, n  or n ± , n
4
Types of Trigonometric Equations :

Type -1
Trigonometric equations which can be solved by use of factorization.
x x
sin3 – cos3
2 2  cos x
Example # 15 :
2  sin x 3
x x  x x  2 x 2 x x x
sin3 – cos3  sin – cos  sin  cos  sin cos  cos x
Solution : 2 2  cos x  2 2  2 2 2 2 =
2  sin x 3 2  sin x 3
 x x
 sin 2 – cos 2   2  sin x  cos x  x x  x x
  =  3  sin – cos  – 2  cos2 – sin2   0
2  2  sin x  3  2 2  2 2
 x x  x x x x x
 sin 2 – cos 2  3  2sin 2  2cos 2   0  sin  cos  tan  1
   2 2 2
x  
 n  ,n   x  2n  ,n 
2 4 2

x
(21) Solve cos3x + cos2x – 4cos2 =0 (22) Solve tan2 + 3sec + 3 = 0
2
Answers : (21) (2n + 1), n 
2
(22) 2n  , n  or (2n + 1) , n 
3
Trigonometry
Type - 2
Trigonometric equations which can be solved by reducing them in quadratic equations.
cos x 1
Example # 16 : Solve sin2x – =
4 4
cos x 1
Solution : sin2x – =
4 4
4(1 – cos2x) – cosx = 1
4cos2x + cosx – 3 = 0
(cosx + 1) (4cosx –3) = 0
3
cosx = – 1 , cosx =
4
3
x = (2n+1) , x = (2m±) where  = cos–1 , m, n 
4
(23) Solve 4sin2+ 2sin  3  1 – 3=0
(24) Solve 4cos – 3sec = tan
 
Answers : (23) n + (–1)n , n  or n + (–1)n  , n 
6  3
  1  17 
(24) n + (– 1)n  where  = sin–1   , n 

 8 
  1  17 
or n + (–1)n  where  = sin–1   , n 

 8 
Type - 3
Trigonometric equations which can be solved by transforming a sum or difference of trigonometric
ratios into their product.
Example # 17 : Solve cosx + cos3x – 2cos2x = 0

Solution : cosx + cos3x – 2cos2x = 0
2cos2x cosx – 2cos2x = 0
2cos2x (cosx–1) = 0
cos2x = 0, cosx = 1

x = (2n + 1), x = 2m , m, n 
2

(25) Solve sin7= sin3 + sin (26) Solve 1 + cos3x = 2cos 2x
sin 6x
(27) Solve 8cosx cos 2x cos4x =
sin x
n n 
Answers : (25) , n  or ± , n 
3 2 12
 n 
(26) n  , n  or 2n, n (27)  , n 
6 7 14
Trigonometry
Type - 4
Trigonometric equations which can be solved by transforming a product of trigonometric ratios into their
sum or difference.
Example # 18 : Solve sec4 – sec2 = 2
1 1
Solution : – =2
cos 4 cos2
cos2 – cos4 = 2 cos4 cos2
cos2 – cos4 = cos6 + cos2
cos6 + cos4 = 0
2cos5 cos = 0
cos5 = 0 or cos = 0
 
5= (2n + 1)  = (2m + 1) m, n
2 2
Type - 5
Trigonometric Equations of the form a sinx + b cosx = c, where a, b, c  R, can be solved by dividing
both sides of the equation by a 2  b2 .
Example # 19 : Solve sinx + 2cosx = 5

Solution :  sinx + 2cosx = 5 ..........(i)
Here a = 1, b = 2.
 divide both sides of equation (i) by 5 , we get
1 1
sinx . + 2cosx. =1  sinx.sin + cosx.cos = 1  cos  x    = 1
5 5
 x –  = 2n, n   x = 2n + , n 
 1
 Solution of given equation is 2n+ , n  where  = tan–1  2 
 
Note : Trigonometric equation of the form a sinx + b cosx = c can also be solved by changing sinx and cosx
into their corresponding tangent of half the angle.
Example # 20 : Solve 3cosx + 4sinx = 5
Solution :  3cosx + 4sinx = 5 .........(i)
x x
1  tan 2 2 tan
2 2
 cosx = & sinx =
x x
1  tan 2 1  tan 2
2 2
 equation (i) becomes
 2 x  x 
 1  tan   2 tan 
2 2 
 3  +4  =5 ........(ii)
 2 x  2 x 
 1  tan   1  tan 
 2  2
x
Let tan =t
2
 1 t 2  2t 
 equation (ii) becomes 3   + 4   =5
2
 1 t   1 t2 
Trigonometry
 4t 2 – 4t + 1 = 0  (2t – 1)2 = 0
1 x
 t=  t = tan
2 2
x 1 x 1
 tan =  tan = tan, where tan =
2 2 2 2
x  1
 = n +   x = 2n + 2 where  = tan–1   , n 
2 2
(28) Solve 2 2 cosx + sinx = 3

x
(29) Solve sinx + tan =0
2
 1 
Answers : (28) 2n + , n where  = tan–1   (29) x = 2n, n 
2 2 
Type - 6
Trigonometric equations of the form P(sinx ± cosx, sinx cosx) = 0, where p(y, z) is a polynomial, can
be solved by using the substitution sinx ± cosx = t.
Example # 21 : Solve sin2x + 3sinx = 1 + 3 cosx

Solution : sin2x + 3sinx = 1 + 3 cosx
sin2x + 3(sinx – cosx) = 1 ......... (i)
Let sinx – cosx = t
 sin2x + cos2x – 2 sinx.cosx = t 2  sin2x = 1– t 2
2
Now put sinx – cosx = t and sin2x = 1– t in (i)
1 – t 2 + 3t = 1
t 2 – 3t = 0
t =0 or t = 3 (not possible)
sinx – cosx = 0

tanx = 1  x = n + , n 
4
Self Practice Problems:
(30) Solve 1– sin2x + 2sinx – 2cosx = 0 (31) Solve 2cosx + 2sinx + sin3x – cos3x = 0
(32) Solve (1 – sin2x) (cosx – sinx) = 1 – 2sin 2x.
  n 
Answers : (30) n + , n  (31) n – or  (–1)n , n
4 4 2 12
 
(32) 2n + , n  or 2n, n  or n + , n
2 4
Type - 7
Trigonometric equations which can be solved by the use of boundness of the trigonometric ratios
sinx and cosx.
Trigonometry
Example # 22 : Solve sin2x + cos4x = 2
Solution : sin2x + cos4x = 2
Now equation will be true if sin2x = 1 and cos4x = 1


 2x = (4n + 1) , n  and 4x = 2m, m
2
 m  m 4n  1
 x = (4n + 1) , n  and x= , m (4n + 1) = m=
4 2 4 2 2
Which is not possible for m, n
(33) Solve cos50x – sin50x = 1
(34) Solve 12 sin x + 5cosx = 2y 2 – 8y + 21 for x & y

 5
Answers : (33) n, n  (34) x = 2nwhere  = cos–1  13  , n y = 2
 
IMPORTANT POINTS :
1. Many trigonometrical equations can be solved by different methods. The form of solution obtained in different
methods may be different. From these different forms of solutions, the students should not think that the
answer obtained by one method are wrong and those obtained by another method are correct. The solutions
obtained by different methods may be shown to be equivalent by some supplementary transformations.
To test the equivalence of two solutions obtained from two methods, the simplest way is to put values of
n = .......–2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3....... etc. and then to find the angles in [0, 2]. If all the angles in both solutions are
same, the solutions are equivalent.
2. While manipulating the trigonometrical equation, avoid the danger of losing roots. Generally, some roots are
lost by cancelling a common factor from the two sides of an equation. For example, suppose we have the
1
equation tanx = 2 sinx. Here by dividing both sides by sinx, we get cosx = . This is not equivalent to the
2
original equation. Here the roots obtained by sinx = 0, are lost. Thus in place of dividing an equation by a
common factor, the students are advised to take this factor out as a common factor from all terms of the
equation.
3. While equating one of the factors to zero, take care of the other factor that it should not become infinite. For
example, if we have the equation sinx = 0, which can be written as cos x tan x = 0. Here we cannot put
cosx = 0, since for cos x = 0, tanx = sinx/ cosx is infinite.
4. Avoid squaring : When we square both sides of an equation, some extraneous roots appear. Hence it is
necessary to check all the solutions found by substituting them in the given equation and omit the solutions
not satisfying the given equation.
For example : Consider the equation,
sin  + cos = 1 .....(1)
Squaring we get
1 + sin 2= 1 or sin 2= 0 .....(2)
i.e. 2= n or = n/2,
 3
This gives = 0, ,, , ......
2 2
Trigonometry
3
Verification shows that and do not satisfy the equation as sin  + cos= –1, 1
2
3 3
and sin + cos = – 1, 1.
2 2
The reason for this is simple.
The equation (2) is not equivalent to (1) and (2) contains two equations : sin + cos  = 1
and sin+ cos  = – 1. Therefore we get extra solutions.
Thus if squaring is must, verify each of the solution.
5. Some necessary restrictions :

If the equation involves tanx, secx, take cosx  0. If cot x or cosec x appear, take sinx  0.
If log appear in the equation, i.e. log [f()] appear in the equation, use f() > 0 and base of log > 0, 1.
Also note that [ f ( )] is always positive, for example sin 2  = |sin |, not ± sin .
6. Verification : Student are advice to check whether all the roots obtained by them satisfy the equation and lie
in the domain of the variable of the given equation.
Heights and distances :
Angle of elevation and depression :
Let OX be a horizontal line and P be a point which is above point O. If an observer

(eye of observer) is at point O and an object is lying at point P then XOP is called angle of elevation as
shown in figure. If an observer (eye of observer) is at point P and object is at point O then QPO is called
angle of depression.
Q P
O X
f=kdks. kferh;
When writing about transcendental issues, be transcendentally clear ....... Descartes, Rene
'kCn 'f=kdks. kfefr' nks xzhd v{kjksa ^f=kdks. k* rFkk ^fefr* ls feydj cuk gSA rFkk bldk vFkZ gksrk gS & ^^,d f=kHkqt dh
Hkqtkvksa vkSj dks. kksa dk ekiu**]
dks . k (Angle) :
dks. k nh xbZ fdj.k ds çkjfEHkd fcUnq ds lkis{k ?kqeko dh eki gSA okLrfod fdj.k izkjfEHkd Hkqtk vkSj fdj.k dh ?kw.kZu
ds ckn vafre fLFkfr dks. k dh vfUre Hkqtk dgykrh gSA ?kq. kZu fcUnq 'kh"kZ dgykrk gSA ;fn ?kqeko dh fn'kk okekorZ
(anticlockwise) gS ] rks dks. k /kukRed gksr k gS rFkk ;fn ?kqeko dh fn'kk nf{k.kkorZ (clockwise) gS] rks dks. k _.kkRed
gksrk gSA
dks.k ds ekiu dh i)fr;k¡ (Systems For Measurement of Angles) :

,d dks.k fuEu i)fr;ksa esa ekik tk ldrk gSA
1 1
1. "kkf"Vd&i)fr (fczfV'k&i)fr) : bl i)fr esa ,d lEiw.kZ o`Ùkh; ?kqeko dk Hkkx ,d fMxzh (°), ,d fMxzh dk Hkkx
360 60
1
,d feuV () vkSj ,d feuV dk Hkkx ,d lSd.M () dgykrk gSA
60
,d ledks.k = 90°, 1° = 60, 1 = 60
1 1
2. 'kfrd&i)fr (Ýsap& i)fr) : bl i)fr esa ,d lEiw.kZ o`Ùkh; ?kqeko dk Hkkx ,d xzsM (g), ,d xzsM dk Hkkx ,d
400 100
1
feuV vkSj ,d feuV dk Hkkx ,d lSd.M dgykrk gSA
100
 ,d ledks.k = 100g; 1g = 100 ; 1 = 100
uksV : "kkf"Vd&i)fr (Sexagesimal system) esa feuV ,oa lSd.M] 'kfrd&i)fr (Centesimal System) ls fHkUu gSA
nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa fpUg Hkh fHkUu gSA
3. o`Ùkh; i)fr (Circular System (Radian Measurement))
fdlh o`Ùk pki }kjk] ftldh yEckbZ f=kT;k ds cjkcj gS] dsUnz ij cuk;k x;k dks.k ,d jsfM;u dgykrk gSA bl i)fr essa
eki dh bdkbZ jsfM;u (c) gSA
pw¡fd bdkbZ f=kT;k ds o`Ùk dh ifjf/k 2 gksrh gS] blfy, izkjfEHkd Hkqtk dk ,d lEiw.kZ pDdj 2 jsfM;u dks.k cukrk gSA
foLrkjiwoZd r f=kT;k ds ,d o`Ùk esa r yEckbZ ds pki }kjk cuk;s x;s dks.k dh eki 1 jsfM;u gksrh gSA ;g Kkr gS fd ,d gh

o`Ùk ds leku pki o`Ùk ds dsUnz ij leku dks.k vUrfjr djrs gSA vr% yEckbZ dk ,d pki o`Ùk ds dsUnz ij jsfM;u
r
dk dks.k cuk,xkA bl çdkj r f=kT;k ds ,d o`Ùk esa  yEckbZ dk pki dsUnz ij  jsfM;u dks.k cukrk gS]

rks  = ;k = r
r
f=kdks. kferh;
B B 2
1 1
1
 O 1 A
 1 A
O 1 O O
A  1 A 
1
1 1
B B 2
 = 1 radian  = –1 radian  = 2 radian  = –2 radian
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
uksV : ;fn dksbZ fpUg u fn;k gks tcfd dks.k dh eki gks] rks ;g ekuk tk ldrk gS fd ;g eki jsfM;u esa gS
mnkgj.kkFkZ  = 15  15 jsfM;u
# o`Ùkh; Hkkx dk {ks=kQy %
1 2
{ks=kQy = r oxZ bdkbZ
2
jsfM;u] fMxzh ,oa xzsM ds chp lEcU/k (Relation between radian, degree and grade) :
 radian = 90° = 100g
2
U;wudks.kksa ds fy, f=kdks.kferh; vuqikr (Trigonometric Ratios for Acute Angles) :

ekuk ,d ?kwf.kZr fdj.k OP, OA ls izkjEHk gksrh gS] vkSj OP dh fLFkfr rd ?kwerh gS] bl izdkj dks.k AOP curk gSA
?kwf.kZr fdj.k esa ,d fcUnq P ysa vkSj P ls çkjfEHkd fdj.k OA ij yECk PM [khapsaA
ledks.k f=kHkqt MOP esa OP fod.kZ gS] PM yEc rFkk OM vk/kkj gS]
vc dks.k AOP ds fy, f=kdks.kferh; vuqikr ;k Qyu bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;s tkrs gSaA
MP yEc
, i.e. , dks.k AOP dk sine gSA
OP d.kZ
OM vk/kkj
, i.e. , dks.k AOP dk cosine gSA
OP d.kZ
MP yEc
, i.e. , dks.k AOP dk tangent gSA
OM vk/kkj
OM vk/kkj
, i.e. , dks.k AOP dk cotangent gSA
MP yEc
OP d.kZ
, i.e. , dks.k AOP dk secant gSA
OM vk/kkj
OP d.kZ
, i.e. , dks.k AOP dk cosecant gSA
MP yEc
ftl ek=kk }kjk cosine bdkbZ ls de gksrk gS]
vFkkZr~ 1 – cos AOP, AOP dk Versed Sine dgykrk gS vkSj ftl ek=kk }kjk sine bdkbZ ls de gksrk tkrk gS] vFkkZr~
1 – sin AOP, AOP dk Coversed sine dgykrk gSA
lHkh f=kdks.kfefr; vuqikr okLrfod la[;k,¡ gSA laf{kIr esa bu vkB vuqikrksa dks Øe'k% bl izdkj fy[kk tk ldrk gS&
sin AOP, cos AOP, tan AOP, cot AOP, cosec AOP, sec AOP, vers AOP, rFkk covers AOP
f=kdks. kferh;
dks.k   R ds fy, f=kdks.kferh; vuqikr :
vc ge f=kdks.kferh; vuqikr dh ifjHkk"kk dks ,d dks.k jsfM;u ds lUnHkZ esa vkxs c<+krs
gSa vkSj mUgsa f=kdks.kferh; Qyu ds :i esa v/;;u djrs gSaA (o`Ùkh; Qyu)
ekuk ,d bdkbZ o`Ùk (f=kT;k 1 bdkbZ) gS] ftldk dsUnz funsZ'kkad
v{kksa dk ewyfcUnq gSA ekuk P(a, b) o`Ùk ij dksbZ fcUnq bl izdkj
gS fd dks.k AOP = x jsfM;u vFkkZr~ bl izdkj pki AP dh yEckbZ
=x
ls ge cos x = a vkSj sin x = b dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gSaA p¡wfd 
OMP ,d ledks.k f=kHkqt gS vr% OM2 + MP2 = OP2 ;k
a2 + b2 = 1 bl izdkj o`Ùk ij mifLFkr izR;sd fcUnq ds fy,
a2 + b2 = 1 ;k cos2x + sin2 x = 1
 3 
p¡wfd ,d lEiw.kZ pDdj o`Ùk ds dsUnz ij 2 dks.k cukrk gSA  AOB = ,  AOC =  rFkk AOD = , ds iw.kk±d
2 2 2
xq.kt dks.k prqFkk±'k dks.k dgykrs gSaA fcUnqvksa A, B, C rFkk D ds funsZ'kkad Øe'k% (1, 0), (0, 1), (–1, 0) rFkk (0, –1) gSA
vr% prqFkk±'k dks.kksa ds fy, ge dg ldrs gSa &
cos 0 = 1 sin 0 = 0,
 
cos =0 sin =1
2 2
cos  = –1 sin  = 0
3 3
cos =0 sin =–1
2 2
cos 2 = 1 sin 2 = 0
vc ;fn ge fLFkfr OP ls ,d lEiw.kZ pDdj ysa] rks ge iqu% izkjfEHkd fLFkfr OP ij okil vk tkrs gSa bl izdkj ge bl
fu"d"kZ ij igq¡prs gSa fd ;fn x fdlh 2ds iw.kk±d xq.kt ls c<+rk gS (;k ?kVrk gS) rks sine rFkk cosine Qyuksa dk eku
ifjofrZr ugha gksrk gS] bl izdkj
sin (2n + x) = sin x , n  Z, cos (2n + x) = cos x, n  Z
vkSj sin x = 0, ;fn x = 0, ±  , ± 2 , ± 3 ..... vFkkZr~ tc x,  dk iw.kk±d xq.kt gS rFkk cos x = 0, ;fn
 3 5 
x=± ,± ,± , ..... vFkkZr~ cos x dk eku 'kwU; gks tkrk gS tc x, dk fo"ke xq.kt gSA
2 2 2 2
sin x = 0  x = n , tgk¡ n dksbZ iw.kk±d gSA

cos x = 0  x = (2n + 1) , tgk¡ n dksbZ iw.kk±d gSA
2
vc ge vU; f=kdks.kferh; vuqikrksa dks sine vkSj cosine Qyu ds :i esa O;Dr djrs gSaA
1
cosec x = , x  n , tgk¡ n dksbZ iw.kk±d gSA
sin x
1 
sec x = , x  (2n + 1) , tgk¡ n dksbZ iw.kk±d gSA
cos x 2
sin x 
tan x = , x  (2n + 1) , tgk¡ n dksbZ iw.kk±d gSA
cos x 2
cos x
cot x = , x  n , tgk¡ n dksbZ iw.kk±d gSA
sin x
ge iznf'kZr dj pqds gSa fd lHkh okLrfod x ds fy, sin2x + cos2x = 1

ftlds vuqlkj 1 + tan2x = sec2x {x  (2n + 1) ; n  Z}
2
1 + cot2x = cosec2x {x  n ; n  Z}
f=kdks . kferh; Qyuks a ds fpUg (Signs of The Trigonometric Functions) :

(i) ;fn  çFke prqFkk±'k esa gS rc P(a, b) çFke prqFkk±'k esa gksxkA blfy, a > 0, b > 0 vr% lHkh f=kdks.kferh; Qyuksa
dk eku /kukRed gksxkA
f=kdks. kferh;
(ii) ;fn  f}rh; prqFkk±'k esa gS rc P(a, b) f}rh; prqFkk±'k esa gksxkA blfy, a < 0, b > 0 vr% sin, cosec ds eku
/kukRed vkSj 'ks"k _.kkRed gkasxsA
(iii) ;fn r`rh; prqFkk±'k esa gS rc P(a, b) r`rh; prqFkk±'k esa gksxkA blfy, a < 0, b < 0 vr% tan, cot ds eku
/kukRed vkSj 'ks"k _.kkRed gkssaxsA
(iv) ;fn prqZFk prqFkk±'k esa gS rc P(a, b) prqFkZ prqFkk±'k esa gksxkA blfy, a > 0, b < 0 vr% cos, sec ds eku
/kukRed vkSj 'ks"k _.kkRed gkssaxsA
dqN egÙoiw.kZ dks.kksa ds f=kdks.kferh; Qyuksa ds eku uhsps nh xbZ lkj.kh esa fn;s x;s gSa &
   
0
6 4 3 2
0 1 1 2 1 3 3 4
sin 0    1
4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4
3 1 1
cos 1 0
2 2 2
1
tan 0 1 3 N.D.
3
N.D. = vifjHkkf"kr
cosec x, sec x rFkk cot x ds eku Øe'k% sin x, cos x rFkk tan x ds O;qRØe gSA
lEc) dks . kks a ds f=kdks. kferh; vuq ikr (Trigonometric Ratios of allied angles)
 3
;fn  dksbZ dks.k gS] rc  ± ,  ± , ± , 2 ±  bR;kfn lEc) dks.k dgykrs gSaA
2 2
 (–  ds f=kdks . kferh; vuq ikr :
ekuk ,d dks.k ekud fLFkfr esa çFke prqFkk±'k esa gSA ekuk bldh vafre Hkqtk ,d o`Ùk] ftldk dsUnz O rFkk f=kT;k r gS]
dks P (x, y) ij dkVrh gSA
ekuk vafre Hkqtk dk o`Ùk ds lkFk – dks.k ij dVk{k fcUnq P(x, y) gSA
(x , y)
vc MOP = MOP (la[;kRed) vkSj P ,oa P ds x v{k ij leku iz{ksi M gSaA P
 OMP OMPx = xrFkk y = – y r
y
y –y x
 sin (– ) = = = – sin . O M
r r
x x y y
cos (– ) = = = cos  tan (– ) = =– = – tan  P
r r x x (x, y)
x x r r
cot (– ) = = = – cot . sec (– = = = sec. POM = 
y –y x x MOP = – 
r r
cosec (– ) = = = – cosec 
y –y
lekur% ;fn vU; prqFkk±'kksa esa gks rc Åij fn;s x, ifj.kke fl) fd, tk ldrs gSaA
  –  ds f=kdks . kferh; vuq ikr
ekuk ,d dks.k  çFke prqFkk±'k esa ekud fLFkfr esas gSA ekuk bldh vafre Hkqtk ,d o`Ùk] ftldk dsUnz O rFkk f=kT;k r gS]
dks P (x, y) ij dkVrh gSA
ekuk vafre Hkqtk dk o`Ùk ds lkFk –  dks.k ij dVku fcUnq P(x, y) gSA
ekuk M rFkk M Øe'k% P rFkk Pds x-v{k ij iz{ksi gS
pw¡fd OMPOMP, x= – x, y= y
y y
 sin (– ) = = = sin 
r r
x x
cos (– ) = = – = – cos
r r
f=kdks. kferh;
y y
tan (– ) = = = – tan 
x –x
x x
cot (– ) = = – = – cot 
y y
r r
sec (– ) = = = – sec 
x –x
r r
cosec (– ) = y = y = cosec 

 ( –  ds f=kdks . kferh; vuq ikr %
2
lekur% uhps fn, x, ifj.kke fl) fd, tk ldrs gSaA
     
sin  –   = cos  , tan  –   = cot  cosec  –   = sec 
2  2  2 
     
cos  –   = sin , cot  –   = tan , sec  –   = cosec 
2  2  2 

 ( +  ds f=kdks. kferh; vuqikr %
2
     
sin     = cos , tan     =– cot , cosec     = sec 
2  2  2 
     
cos     = – sin , cot     = – tan , sec     = – cosec 
2  2  2 
  +  ds f=kdks . kferh; vuq ikr %

sin (+ ) = – sin , tan (+ ) = tan  cosec (+ ) = – cosec 
cos (+ ) = – cos , cot (+ ) = cot , sec (+ ) = – sec 
3
 ( –  ds f=kdks . kferh; vuq ikr %
2
 3   3   3 
sin  –   = – cos , tan  –   = cot , cosec  –   = – sec 
 2   2   2 
 3   3   3 
cos     = – sin , cot  –   = tan , sec  –   = – cosec ,
 2   2   2 
3
 ( +  ds f=kdks . kferh; vuq ikr %
2
 3   3   3 
sin     = – cos , cos     = sin , tan     = – cot ,
 2   2   2 
 3   3   3 
cot     = – tan , sec     = cosec , cosec     = – sec 
 2   2   2 
f=kdks. kferh;
uhps nh xbZ lkj.kh esa fjDr LFkkuksa dks Lo;a Hkfj,A
    2 5 7 4 3 5 11
0  2
6 4 3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6
1 1 3
sin 0 1
2 2 2
3 1 1
cos 1 0
2 2 2
1
tan 0 1 3 N.D.
3
f=kdks . kferh; Qyu (Trigonometric functions) :

(i) y = sin x izkUr : x  R
ifjlj : y  [–1, 1]
y
0
3    3
x
–2 – 2
2 2 2 2
–1
(ii) y = cos x izkUr : x  R

ifjlj : y  [ – 1, 1]
y
0

x
–2 3 –   3 2
2 2 2 2
–1
 
(iii) y = tan x izkUr : x  R – (2n  1)  , n 
 2
ifjlj : y  R
y
 
– 2 0 2 
x
– 32 3
2 0
(iv) y = cot x izkUr : x  R – {n}, n 

ifjlj : y  R
–    3 2 x
0
2 2 2
f=kdks. kferh;
(v) y = cosec x izkUr : x  R – {n}, n 
ifjlj : y  (,  1]  [1, )
 
(vi) y = sec x izkUr : x R – (2n  1)  , n 
 2
ifjlj : y  (,  1]  [1, )
nks dks . kks a ds ;ks x vkS j vUrj ds f=kdks . kferh; Qyu

(Trigonometric functions of sum or difference of two angles) :
(a) sin (A ± B) = sinA cosB ± cosA sinB
(b) cos (A ± B) = cosA cosB  sinA sinB
(c) sin²A  sin²B = cos²B  cos²A = sin (A+B). sin (A B)
(d) cos²A  sin²B = cos²B  sin²A = cos (A+B). cos (A  B)
tan A  tan B cot A cot B  1
(e) tan (A ± B) = 1  tan A tan B (f) cot (A ± B) = cot B  cot A
(g) sin (A + B + C) = sin A cos B cos C + sin B cos A cos C + sin C cos A cos B – sin A sin B sin C
(h) cos (A + B + C) = cos A cos B cos C – cos A sin B sin C – sin A cos B sin C – sin A sin B cos C
tan A  tan B  tanCtan A tan B tan C
(i) tan (A + B + C) =
1  tan A tan B  tan B tan C tan C tan A
S1  S 3  S 5  ......
(j) tan (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + n ) =
1  S 2  S 4  .......
tgk¡ Si dks. kksa ds ,d ckj esa i Li'kZT ;kvksa ds xq. kuQyksa dk ;ksx gSA
mnkgj.k # 1 : fl) dhft, fd &
(i) sin (45º + A) cos (45º – B) + cos (45º + A) sin (45º – B) = cos (A – B)
   3 
(ii) tan     tan     = –1
 4   4 
gy : (i) Li"Vr;k sin (45º + A) cos (45º – B) + cos (45º + A) sin (45º – B)
= sin (45º + A + 45º – B) = sin (90º + A – B) = cos (A – B)
   3  1  tan  1  tan 
(ii) tan     × tan    = × =–1
4   4  1  tan  1  tan 
f=kdks. kferh;
vH;kl dk;Z :
22 4
(1) ;fn cos  = , sin  = , rc cos ( + ) dk eku Kkr dhft,A
3 5
(2) cos 375º dk eku Kkr dhft,A
A A
(3) fl) dhft, fd 1 + tan A tan = tan A cot – 1 = sec A
2 2
6 24 3 1
Answers : (1) (2)
15 2 2
:ikUrj.k lw = k (Transformation formulae) :
CD CD
(i) sin(A+B) + sin(A  B) = 2 sinA cosB (a) sinC + sinD = 2 sin cos
2 2
CD CD
(ii) sin(A+B)  sin(A  B) = 2 cosA sinB (b) sinC  sinD = 2 cos sin
2 2
CD CD
(iii) cos(A+B) + cos(A  B) = 2 cosA cosB (c) cosC + cosD = 2 cos cos
2 2
CD DC
(iv) cos(A  B)  cos(A+B) = 2 sinA sinB (d) cosC  cosD = 2 sin sin
2 2
 15A  A
mnkgj.k #2 : fl) dhft, fd cos7A + cos8A = 2cos  2  cos  2 
   
 15A  A
gy : L.H.S. cos7A + cos8A = 2cos   cos  
 2  2
CD CD
[  cos C+ cos D = 2 cos cos ]
2 2
mnkgj.k #3 : 2sin3 sin – cos2+ cos4 dk eku Kkr dhft,A

gy : 2sin3 sin – cos2+ cos4 = 2 sin 3 sin  – 2sin3 sin = 0
mnkgj.k #4 : fl) dhft, fd &

sin 8 cos   sin 6 cos 3
(i) = tan 2
cos 2 cos   sin 3 sin 4
(ii) ;fn A + B = 45º rc fl) dhft, fd (1 + tanA) (1 + tanB) = 2
2 sin 8 cos   2 sin 6 cos 3
gy : (i)
2 cos 2 cos   2 sin 3 sin 4
sin 9  sin 7  sin 9  sin 3 2 sin 2 cos 5

= = = tan 2
cos 3  cos   cos   cos 7 2 cos 5 cos 2
(ii) A + B = 45º
tan (A + B) = 1
tan A  tanB
=1
1– tan A tanB
tanA + tanB = 1 – tanA tanB
tanA + tanB + tanA tanB + 1 = 2  (1 + tanA) (1 + tanB) = 2
f=kdks. kferh;
vH;kl dk;Z :
(4) fl) dhft, fd &
13 x 3x cos A  cos3A
(i) cos 8x – cos 5x = – 2 sin sin (ii) = – tan2A
2 2 sin A  sin3A
sin2A  sin4A  sin6A  sin8A

(iii) = tan 5A
cos2A  cos 4A  cos6A  cos8A
sin A  2 sin 3 A  sin 5 A sin 3 A

(iv) =
sin 3A  2 sin 5 A  sin 7A sin 5 A
sin A  sin 5A  sin 9 A  sin 13 A

(v) = cot 4A
cos A  cos 5A  cos 9 A  cos 13 A
 7 3 11
(5) fl) dhft, fd sin sin + sin sin = sin 2 sin 5
2 2 2 2
(6) fl) dhft, fd cos A sin (B – C) + cos B sin (C – A) + cos C sin (A – B) = 0
 9 3 5
(7) fl) dhft, fd 2 cos cos + cos + cos =0
13 13 13 13
vioR;Z vkS j viorZ d dks . k (Multiple and sub-multiple angles) :
(a) sin 2A = 2 sinA cosA
 
UkksV : sin  = 2 sin
cos bR;kfn
2 2
(b) cos 2A = cos²A  sin²A = 2cos²A  1 = 1  2 sin²A
 
UkksV : 2 cos² = 1 + cos , 2 sin² = 1  cos 
2 2
2 tan A
(c) tan 2A =
1  tan 2 A
2 tan 2
UkksV : tan  =
1  tan 2 2
2 tan A 1tan 2 A
(d) sin 2A = , cos 2A =
1  tan 2 A 1 tan2 A
(e) sin 3A = 3 sinA  4 sin3A
(f) cos 3A = 4 cos3A  3 cosA
3 tan A  tan3 A
(g) tan 3A =
1  3 tan 2 A
mnkgj.k # 5 : fl) dhft, fd &

sin 2A
(i) = tan A (ii) tan A + cot A = 2 cosec 2 A
1  cos 2A
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B) A B

(iii) = tan cot
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B) 2 2
f=kdks. kferh;
sin 2A 2 sin A cos A
gy : (i) L.H.S. = = tan A
1  cos 2A 2 cos 2 A
1  tan 2 A  1  tan 2 A  2
(ii) L.H.S. tan A + cot A = = 2  2 tan A  = = 2 cosec 2 A
tan A   sin 2A
A A A 
2 sin 2  2 sin sin  B 
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B) 2 2  2 
(iii) L.H.S. =
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B) 2 A A A 
2 cos  2 cos cos  B 
2 2  2 
 A A   A B B 
 sin  sin  B    2 sin cos  
A 2 2  A  2  2  A B
= tan  = tan = tan cot
2  A A  2  A  B B
   2 2
 cos 2  cos 2  B    2 sin 2 sin 2  
     
vH;kl dk;Z :
sin4  sin2 2 tan 
(8) fl) dhft, fd =
1 cos4  cos2 1  tan2 
 3 5 7 1
(9) fl) dhft, fd sin sin sin sin =
18 18 18 18 16
(10) fl) dhft, fd tan 3A tan 2A tan A = tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A

 A
(11) fl) dhft, fd tan  45 º 2  = sec A + tan A
 
ekud&dks . kks a ds egÙoiw . kZ f=kdks . kferh; vuq i kr

(Important trigonometric ratios of standard angles) :
(a) sin n  = 0 ; cos n  = (1)n ; tan n  = 0, tgk¡ n  
 3 1 5
(b) sin 15° ;k sin = = cos 75° ;k cos ;
12 2 2 12
 3 1 5
cos 15° ;k cos = = sin 75° ;k sin ;
12 2 2 12
3 1 3 1
tan 15° = = 2 3 = cot 75° ; tan 75° = = 2 3 = cot 15°
3 1 3 1
 5 1
(c) sin ;k sin 18° = = cos 72°
10 4
 5 1
cos 36° ;k cos = = sin 54°
5 4
iz f rcfU/kr loZ l fedk,¡ (Conditional identities) :
;fn A + B + C =  gks] rks &
(i) sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4 sinA sinB sinC
A B C
(ii) sinA + sinB + sinC = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
f=kdks. kferh;
(iii) cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C =  1  4 cos A cos B cos C
A B C
(iv) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
(v) tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC
A B B C C A
(vi) tan tan + tan tan + tan tan =1
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
(vii) cot + cot + cot = cot . cot . cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
(viii) cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1
mnkgj.k # 6 : ;fn A + B + C = 90°, rks fl) dhft, fd tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A = 1
tan A  tanB
gy : A + B = 90º – C   cot C tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A = 1
1– tan A tanB
2x 2y 2z 2x 2y 2z
mnkgj.k # 7 : ;fn x + y + z = xyz gks] rks fl) dhft, fd 2
+ 2 + 2
= . .
1 x 1 y 1 z 1 x 2
1 y 2
1 z2
gy : x = tan A, y = tan B vkS j z = tanC j[kus ij
tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC  A + B + C = n tgk¡ n  
bl çdkj L.H.S.
2x 2y 2z 2 tan A 2 tan B 2 tan C
 = + 2 + = 2 + 2 +
1 x 2 1 y 1 z 2
1  tan A 1  tan B 1  tan 2 C
= tan2A + tan2B + tan2C [  A + B + C = n ]
2x 2y 2z
= tan2A tan2B tan2C = . .
1 x 2 1 y2 1 z2
vH;kl dk;Z :
(12) ;fn A + B + C = 180° gks] rks fl) dhft, fd&
BC CA A B
(i) sin(B + 2C) + sin(C + 2A) + sin(A + 2B) = 4sin sin sin
2 2 2
sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C A B C

(ii) = 8 sin sin sin
sin A  sin B  sin C 2 2 2
(13) ;fn A + B + C = 2S gks] rks fl) dhft, fd &

(i) sin(S – A) sin(S – B) + sinS sin (S – C) = sinA sinB
A B C
(ii) sin(S – A) + sin (S – B) + sin(S – C) – sin S = 4sin sin sin
2 2 2
T;k vkS j dks T ;k Js . kh : (Sine and Cosine - series) :

n
sin 2  n 1 
(i) sin  + sin (+) + sin ( + 2 ) +...... + sin   (n  1)  =  
 sin 

sin 2 
2
n
sin 2  n 1 
(ii) cos  + cos (+) + cos ( + 2 ) +.... + cos   (n  1)  =  
 cos 

sin 2 
2
tgk¡ :   2m, m  
f=kdks. kferh;
sin2 n
mnkgj.k # 8 : (i) fl) dhft, fd sin + sin3 + sin5 + .... + sin(2n–1)=
sin 
(ii) sin2º, sin4º, sin6º , ...... , sin180º dk ek/; Kkr dhft,A
 3 5 7 9 1
(iii) fl) dhft, fd cos + cos + cos + cos + cos =
11 11 11 11 11 2
gy : (i) sin + sin3 + sin5 + .... + sin(2n–1)
 2     (2n – 1) 
sinn   sin  
 2   2  sin2 n
= =
 2  sin 
sin  
 2 
sin2º  sin 4º ....  sin180º sin90º (sin91º ) cos1º cot 1º

(ii) = = = =
90 90 sin1º 90 sin1º 90
10 5 10 
cos sin sin
 3 5 7 9 22 11 11 1
(iii) cos + cos + cos + cos + cos = = =
11 11 11 11 11   2
sin 2 sin
11 11
vH;kl dk;Z :
fuEu Jsf.k;ksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
 3 5
(14) cos + cos + cos + ...... n inks a rd
2n  1 2n  1 2n  1
(15) sin2 + sin3 + sin4 + ..... + sin n, tgk¡ (n + 2) = 2
1
Answers : (14) – (15) 0
2
dks T ;k dks . kks a dh xq . ku Js . kh (Product series of cosine angles) :

sin 2n 
cos  . cos 2 . cos22 . cos23 ...... cos2n–1 =
2n sin 
f=kdks . kferh; O;a t dks a dk ifjlj (Range of trigonometric expression) :
E = a sin  + b cos 
 a b 
 E= 2 2  sin   cos 
a b  a 2  b 2 a2  b2 
b a
ekuk 2 2
= sin  vkS j = cos 
a b a2  b 2
b
 E = a 2  b 2 sin ( + ), tgk¡ tan  =
a
vr% ds fdlh Hkh okLrfod eku ds fy,
 a 2  b2  E  a b
2 2
f=kdks. kferh;
mnkgj.k # 9 : (i) ;fn +  = 90º rks sin sin dk vf/kdre eku Kkr dhft,A
(ii) 1 + 2sinx + 3cos2x dk vf/kdre ,oa U;w u re eku Kkr dhft,&
1
gy : (i) sinsin(90º – ) = sincos = × sin2
2
(ii) 1 + 2sinx + 3cos2x = – 3sin2x + 2sinx + 4
2
 2 2 sin x   1 13
= – 3  sin x   + 4 = – 3  sin x   +
 3   3 3
2
 1 16
vr% 0   sin x   
 3 9
2 2
16  1  1 13 13
 –  – 3  sin x    0  – 1  – 3  sin x   + 
3  3  3 3 3
vH;kl dk;Z :
(16) fuEufyf[kr ds vf/kdre ,oa U;wure eku Kkr dhft,&
(i) 3 + (sinx – 2) 2
(ii) 9cos2x + 48sinx cosx – 5sin2x – 2
   
(iii) 2 sin    6  + 3 cos    6 
   
Answers : (i) vf/kdre = 12, U;wure = 4 (ii) vf/kdre = 25, U;wure = –25
(iii) vf/kdre = 13 , U;wure = – 13
f=kdks . kferh; lehdj.k (Trigonometric Equation) :

,d ,sl k lehdj.k ftlesa fdlh vKkr dks. k ds ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd f=kdks. kferh; vuqikr gksrs gSa] f=kdks. kferh;
lehdj.k dgykrk gSaA
f=kdks . kferh; lehdj.k dk gy (Solution of Trigonometric Equation) :
f=kdks. kferh; lehdj.k dk gy ml vKkr dks. k dk eku gksrk gS] tks bl nh xbZ lehdj.k dks larq"V djrk gSA
1  3 9 11
mnkgj.kkFkZ ;fn sin =  = , , , , ...........
2 4 4 4 4
bl izdkj] f=kdks. kferh; lehdj.k ds gy vuUr gks ldrs gSa ¼mudh vkorhZ izd`fr dh otg ls½ vkSj gyksa dks fuEu
izdkj oxhZd`r fd;k tk ldrk gSaA
(i) eq[ ; gy (principal solution)
(ii) O;kid gy (General Solution)
eq [ ; gy (Principal solutions) :
f=kdks. kferh; lehdj.k ds ,sl s gy tks vUrjky [0, 2) ds vUrxZr vkrs gSa eq[ ; gy dgykrs gSaA
1
mnkgj.k% lehdj.k sinx = ds eq[ ; gy Kkr djksA
2
gy .
1
 sinx =
2
 5  5
vr% vUrjky [0, 2) esa x ds nks eku vkSj fo|eku gksaxsA vr% eq[ ; gy  x = ,
6 6 6 6
f=kdks. kferh;
O;kid gy :
iw. kk±d 'n' fufgr O;atd] tks f=kdks. kferh; lehdj.k ds leLr gy nsrk gS] O;kid gy dgykrk gSaA
dqN fo'ks"k f=kdks. kehfr; lehdj.k ds O;kid gy uhps fn;s x, gSaA
dq N fo'ks "k f=kdks . kferh; lehdj.k ds O;kid gy
(General Solution Of Some Standard Trigonometric Equations) :
 
(i) ;fn sin  = sin    = n  + (1)n  tgk¡    ,  ; n  .
 2 2
(ii) ;fn cos  = cos    = 2n ±  tgk¡   [0, ] ; n  .
(iii) ;fn tan  = tan    = n +  tgk¡     ,   ; n  .

 2 2
(iv) ;fn sin²  = sin²    = n  ± ; n  .
(v) ;fn cos²  = cos²    = n  ± ; n  .
(vi) ;fn tan²  = tan²    = n  ± ; n  . [uks V : ;gk¡  eq [ ; dks . k gS a ]
dq N egRoiw . kZ ifj.kke (Some Important deductions) :

(i) sin = 0   = n ; n 

(ii) sin = 1   = (4n + 1) ; n
2

(iii) sin = – 1   = (4n – 1) ; n 
2

(iv) cos = 0   = (2n + 1) ;n
2
(v) cos = 1   = 2n; n 
(vi) cos = – 1  = (2n + 1); n
(vii) tan = 0   = n; n 
1
mnkgj.k # 10 : gy dhft, cos  =
2
1  
gy :  cos  =  cos = cos   = 2n ± , n 
2 3 3
2
mnkgj.k # 11 : gy dhft, sec 2 = –
3
2 3 5
gy :  sec 2 = –  cos2 = –  cos2 = cos
3 2 6
5 5
 2 = 2n ± ; n    = n ± ; n 
6 12
3
mnkgj.k # 12 : gy dhft, tan =
4
3
gy :  tan = ............(i)
4
3
ekuk = tan  tan = tan
4
3
  = n + , tgk¡  = tan–1   , n
4
f=kdks. kferh;
vH;kl dk;Z :
3
(17) gy dhft, cot = – 1 (18) gy dhft, cos4 = –
2
 n 
Answers : (17)  = n – ; n (18)  , n 
4 2 24
mnkgj.k # 13 : gy dhft, tan2 = 1

gy :  tan2 = 1  tan2 = (1)2
 
 tan2 = tan2   = n ± , n 
4 4
mnkgj.k # 14 : gy dhft, 4 sec2 = 5 + tan2

gy :  4 sec2 = 5 + tan2 .............(i)

lehdj.k (i) ds ifjHkkf"kr gksus ds fy,  (2n + 1) , n 
2
 leh- (i) dks fuEu izdkj fy[kk tk ldrk gS :
4(1 + tan2) = 5 + tan2
3tan2= 1
tan2= tan2/6

 = n ± , n 
6
vH;kl dk;Z :
tan 3x  tan 2x
(19) gy dhft, 1  tan 3x tan 2x = 1 (20) gy dhft, 2 sin2x + sin22x = 2
 
Answers : (19) dksbZ gy ugha (20) x = (2n + 1) ; n  ;k n ± ; n
2 4
f=kdks . kferh; lehdj.k ds iz d kj (Types of Trigonometric Equations) :

Type -1
f=kdks. kferh; lehdj.ksa ftUgas xq. ku[k.Mksa dk mi;ksx djds gy fd;k tk ldrk gSA
x x
sin3 – cos3
mnkgj.k # 15 : 2 2  cos x
2  sin x 3
x x  x x  x x x x
sin3 – cos3 sin – cos  sin2  cos 2  sin cos  cos x
gy : 2 2  cos x   2 2  2 2 2 2 =
2  sin x 3 3
2  sin x
 x x
 sin – cos   2  sin x  cos x  x x  2 x 2 x
 2 2  =  3  sin – cos  – 2  cos – sin   0
2  2  sin x  3  2 2   2 2
 x x  x x x x x
 sin 2 – cos 2  3  2sin 2  2cos 2   0  sin  cos  tan  1
   2 2 2
x  
 n  ,n   x  2n  ,n 
2 4 2
f=kdks. kferh;
vH;kl dk;Z :
x
(21) gy dhft, cos3x + cos2x – 4cos2 =0 (22) gy dhft, tan2 + 3sec + 3 = 0
2
2
Answers : (21) (2n + 1) ; n  (22) 2n  , n  ;k (2n + 1) , n 
3
Type - 2
f=kdks. kferh; lehdj.ksa ftUgs f}?kkr lehdj.k ds :i esa cny dj gy fd;k tkrk gSaA
cos x 1
mnkgj.k # 16 : gy dhft, sin2x – =
4 4
cos x 1
gy : sin2x – =
4 4
4(1 – cos2x) – cosx = 1
4cos2x + cosx – 3 = 0
(cosx + 1) (4cosx –3) = 0
3
cosx = – 1 , cosx =
4
3
x = (2n+1) , x = (2m±) tgk¡  = cos–1 , m, n 
4
vH;kl dk;Z :
(23) 
gy dhft, 4sin2+ 2sin 3  1 – 3 = 0 
(24) gy dhft, 4cos – 3sec = tan
   
Answers : (23) n + (–1)n , n  ;k n + (–1)n  3  , n 
6  
  1  17 
(24)  = n + (– 1)n  tgk¡  = sin–1   ; n 

 8 
  1  17 
;k n + (–1)n  tgk¡  = sin–1   ; n 

 8 
Type - 3
f=kdks. kferh; lehdj.ksa ftuesa f=kdks. kferh; vuqikr ds ;ksxQy ;k vUrj dks muds xq. kuQy ds :i esa cnydj gy
fd;k tk ldrk gSaA
mnkgj.k # 17 : gy dhft, cosx + cos3x – 2cos2x = 0
gy : cosx + cos3x – 2cos2x = 0
2cos2x cosx – 2cos2x = 0
2cos2x (cosx–1) = 0
cos2x = 0, cosx = 1

x = (2n + 1), x = 2m, m, n 
2
vH;kl dk;Z :
(25) gy dhft, sin7= sin3 + sin (26) gy dhft, 1 + cos3x = 2cos 2x
sin 6x
(27) gy dhft, 8cosx cos 2x cos4x =
sin x
n n 
Answers : (25)  = ; n  ;k ± ; n 
3 2 12
 n 
(26) n  , n  ;k 2n, n (27)  , n 
6 7 14
f=kdks. kferh;
Type - 4
f=kdks. kferh; lehdj.ksa ftuesa f=kdks.kferh; vuqikrksa ds xq.kuQy dks muds ;ksxQy vkSj vUrj esa cnydj gy fd;k
tk ldrk gSaA
mnkgj.k # 18 : gy dhft, sec4 – sec2 = 2
1 1
gy : – =2
cos 4 cos2
cos2 – cos4 = 2 cos4 cos2  cos2 – cos4 = cos6 + cos2
cos6 + cos4 = 0  2cos5 cos = 0
cos5 = 0 ;k cos = 0
 
5= (2n + 1)  = (2m + 1) m, n
2 2
Type - 5
a sinx + b cosx = c :i dh f=kdks . kferh; lehdj.k] (tgk¡ a, b, c  R) dks nks u ks a rjQ a 2  b2 ls Hkkx nsdj
gy fd;k tk ldrk gSaA
mnkgj.k # 19 : gy dhft, sinx + 2cosx = 5
gy :  sinx + 2cosx = 5 ..........(i)

;gk¡ a = 1, b = 2.
 lehdj.k (i) esa nksuksa rjQ 5 dk Hkkx nsus ij
1 1
sinx . + 2cosx. =1  sinx.sin + cosx.cos = 1  cos  x    = 1
5 5
 x –  = 2n, n   x = 2n + , n 
 1
 fn, x, lehdj.k dk gy 2n+ , n  tgk¡  = tan–1  2 
 
uks V: a sinx + b cosx = c :i dh f=kdks .kferh; lehdj.kksa esa sinx ,oa cosx dks laxr tan ds v)Zdks.k esa ifjofrZr djds
Hkh gy fd;k tk ldrk gSaA
mnkgj.k # 20 : gy dhft, 3cosx + 4sinx = 5
gy :  3cosx + 4sinx = 5 .........(i)
x x
1  tan 2 2 tan
2 2
 cosx = ,oa sinx =
2 x x
1  tan 1  tan 2
2 2
 vr% lehdj.k (i) ls
 2 x  x 
 1  tan   2 tan 
2 2 
 3  +4  =5 ........(ii)
 2 x  2 x 
 1  tan   1  tan 
 2  2
f=kdks. kferh;
x
ekuk tan =t
2
 2 
1 t   2t 
 lehdj.k (ii) ls& 3  2
+4   =5
 1 t   1 t2 
1
 4t 2 – 4t + 1 = 0  (2t – 1)2 = 0  t=
2
x x 1 x
 t = tan  tan =  tan = tan,
2 2 2 2
1 x
tgk¡ tan =  = n +   x = 2n + 2
2 2
 1
tgk¡  = tan–1   ; n 
2
vH;kl dk;Z :
x
(28) gy dhft, 2 2 cosx + sinx = 3 (29) gy dhft, sinx + tan =0
2
 1 
 
Answers : (28) 2n + , n where  = tan–1  2 2  (29) x = 2n; n 
Type - 6
P(sinx ± cosx, sinx cosx) = 0 :i dh f=kdks.kferh; lehdj.k] (tgk¡ p(y, z) ,d cgqin gSa)] dks sinx ± cosx = t j[kdj
gy fd;k tk ldrk gSA
mnkgj.k # 21 : gy dhft, sin2x + 3sinx = 1 + 3 cosx
gy : sin2x + 3sinx = 1 + 3 cosx

sin2x + 3(sinx – cosx) = 1 ------ (i)
ekuk sinx – cosx = t
 sin2x + cos2x – 2 sinx.cosx = t 2
 sin2x = 1– t 2
vc (i) esa sinx – cosx = t rFkk sin2x = 1– t 2 j[kus ij
1 – t 2 + 3t = 1
t 2 – 3t = 0
t =0 ;k t=3 (lEHko ugha)
sinx – cosx = 0

tanx = 1 x = n + , n 
4
vH;kl dk;Z :
(30) gy dhft, 1– sin2x + 2sinx – 2cosx = 0
(31) gy dhft, 2cosx + 2sinx + sin3x – cos3x = 0
(32) gy dhft, (1 – sin2x) (cosx – sinx) = 1 – 2sin 2x.
  n 
Answers : (30) n + , n  (31) n – ;k  (–1)n , n
4 4 2 12
 
(32) 2n + ; n  ;k 2n; n  ;k n + ; n
2 4
Type - 7
f=kdks. kferh; lehdj.k ftls f=kdks. kferh; vuqikrksa sinx ,oa cosx ds ekuksa dh ifjlhek dk mi;ksx djds gy fd;k
tk ldrk gSaA
f=kdks. kferh;
mnkgj.k # 22 : gy dhft, sin2x + cos4x = 2
gy : sin2x + cos4x = 2
vc lehdj.k lgh gksxh ;fn sin2x = 1 ,oa cos4x = 1

 2x = (4n + 1) , n  ,oa 4x = 2m, m
2
 m  m
 x = (4n + 1) , n  ,oa x= , m (4n + 1) =
4 2 4 2
4n  1
m= tks fd m, nds fy, laHko ugha gSA
2
vH;kl dk;Z :
(33) gy dhft, cos50x – sin50x = 1
(34) x ,oa y ds fy, gy dhft, 12 sin x + 5cosx = 2y 2 – 8y + 21
 5
Answers : (33) n, n  (34) x = 2ntgk¡  = cos–1  13  , n y = 2
 
egRoiw.kZ fcUnq %
1. dbZ f=kdks.kferh; lehdj.kksa dks fofHké rjhdks }kjk gy fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,d gh f=kdks.kferh; lehdj.k ds fy;s fofHké
rjhdksa ls fudkys x;s gy vyx&vyx :i okys gks ldrs gSA vr% bu gyksa dks ns[kdj fo|kFkhZ dks bl my>u esa ugha iM+uk
pkfg;s fd ,d fof/k ls fudkyk x;k gy lgh gS tcfd vU; fof/k ls çkIr gy xyr gSA fofHké fof/k;ksa }kjk çkIr gyksa dks
dqN :ikUrj.kksa }kjk ,d leku fl) fd;k tk ldrk gSA
nks fof/k;ksa }kjk çkIr gyksa dh lekurk dh tk¡p djus ds fy;s] çkIr gyksa esa n = .......–2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3....... vkfn j[kdj
vUrjky [0, 2] esa dks.k ds eku Kkr fd;s tkrs gSA ;fn nksuksa gyksa ls çkIr leLr dks.kksa ds eku ,d leku gks] rks nksuksa
gyksa dh lekurk fl} gks tkrh gSA
2. f=kdks.kferh; lehdj.k dks O;ofLFkr (manipulating) djus ds nkSjku dqN gy [kks tkusa dh fLFkfr cu tkrh gSA lkekU;r%
lehdj.k esa ls nk¡;s i{k (RHS) ,oa ck¡;s i{k (LHS) ls fdlh mHk;fu"B xq.ku[k.M dks ijLij dkV nsusa ls dqN ewy yqIr
gks ldrs gSA
1
mnkgj.kkFkZ lehdj.k tan x = 2 sin x esa nksuksa vksj sin x ls Hkkx yxkusa ij cosx = çkIr gksrk gS tks nh x;h okLrfod
2
lehdj.k ds rqY; ugha gSA ;gk¡ sinx = 0 ls çkIr gksus okys ewy yqIr gks x;s gSA bl çdkj fdlh lehdj.k dks fdlh mHk;fu"B
xq.ku[k.M ls Hkkx nsusa d ctk; ml xq.ku[k.M dks iwjh lehdj.k ls mHk;fu"B xq.ku[k.M ds :i esa ckgj ys ysuk pkfg;sA
3. fdlh Hkh xq.ku[k.M dks 'kwU; ds cjkcj j[krs le; bl ckr dk /;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg;s fd ,slk djus ls dksbZ vU; xq.ku[k.M
vuUr uk gks tk;sA
mnkgj.kkFkZ& ;fn dksbZ lehdj.k sinx = 0 gks rks ;g cos x . tan x = 0 Hkh fy[kh tk ldrh gS ysfdu vc ge
cosx = 0 ugha j[k ldrs D;ksafd ,slk djus ls tanx = sinx/ cosx dk eku vuUr gks tkrk gSA
4. fdlh Hkh nh x;h lehdj.k dks nksuksa vksj oxZ djus ls vc gesa dqN vupkgs ewy Hkh çkIr gksxasA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa çkIr gksusa
okys leLr gyksa dks nh xbZ lehdj.k esa j[kdj mudh tk¡p dj ysuh pkfg;sA tks gy nh x;h lehdj.k dks larq"V u djsa
mUgsa NksM+ fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA
mnkgj.kkFkZ lehdj.k &
sin  + cos = 1 .....(1)
oxZ djus ij
1 + sin 2= 1 ;k sin 2= 0 .....(2)
f=kdks. kferh;
vFkkZr~ 2= n ;k = n/2,
 3
 = 0, ,, , ......
2 2
3
tk¡p djus ls irk yxrk gS fd vkSj nh x;h lehdj.k dks larq"V ugha djrs gSA tSlk fd
2
sin  + cos= –1, 1
3 3
,oa sin + cos = – 1, 1.
2 2
ftldk dkj.k Li"V gS] fd lehdj.k (2) lehdj.k (1) ds rqY; ugha gS D;ksafd lehdj.k (2), lehdj.kksa
sin + cos  = 1
,oa sin+ cos  = – 1
dks çnf'kZr djrh gSA vr% gesa vfrfjä gy çkIr gksrs gSA bl çdkj ;fn fdlh lehdj.k dks gy djus ds fy;s oxZ
(squaring) djuk gh iM+s rks çkIr gksus okys leLr gyksa dh nh xbZ lehdj.k esa tk¡p dj ysuh pkfg;sA
5. ;fn nh x;h lehdj.k esa tanx, secx ekStwn gks] rks çfrcU/k cosx  0 ysdj pyuk pkfg;sA
;fn nh x;h lehdj.k essa cot x ;k cosec x ekStwn gks rks çfrcU/k sinx  0 ysdj pyuk pkfg;sA
;fn nh x;h lehdj.k esa log [f()] ekStwn gks] rks çfrcU/kksa f() > 0 rFkk y?kqx.kd dk vk/kkj > 0, 1 dks ysdj pyuk pkfg;sA
blds vykok [ f ( )] lnSo /kukRed gksrk gSA
mnkg.kkFkZ sin 2  = |sin | u fd ± sin .
6. ;g tk¡p ysuk Hkh vko';d gS fd lehdj.k dks gy djus ls çkIr gksusa okys leLr ewy] nh x;h lehdj.k dks larq"V djrs
gS rFkk fn;s x;s çkUr esa gh gSA
Å¡ pkbZ ;k¡ ,oa nw f j;k¡ (Heights and Distances)
mUu;u ,oa voueu dks . k (Angle of elevation and depression)
ekuk OX ,d {kSfrt js[kk gS rFkk P ,d fcUnq gS tks bl js[kk ds Åij gS rFkk ,d O;fDr fcUnq O ls fcUnq P ij j[kh
oLrq dks ns[k jgk gS rc XOP mUu;u dks.k dgykrk gSA ;fn O;fDr fcUnq P ls fcUnq O dks ns[ks rks cuus okyk
QPO voueu dks.k dgykrk gS] tgk¡ PQ {kSfrt gSA
Q P
O X
Trigonometry
 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz ' u nks g jkus ;ks X; iz ' u gS A
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A) : sin (90º ± ), sin (180º ± ) – angle transformation
[k.M (A) : sin (90º ± ), sin (180º ± ) – dks.k :ikUrj.k
A-1. Find the radian measures corresponding to the following degree measures
fuEu fMxzh ekuksa ds laxr jsfM;u eku Kkr dhft;s &
(i) 15° (ii) 240° (iii) 530°
 4 53
Ans. (i) (ii) (iii)
12 3 18
A-2. Find the degree measures corresponding to the following radian measures
fuEu jsfM;u ekuksa ds laxr fMxzh eku Kkr dhft;s &
3 5 7
(i) (ii) – 4 (iii) (iv)
4 3 6
Ans. (i) 135° (ii) – 720°
(iii) 300° (iv) 210°
A-3. Prove that :

fl) dhft, fd &
   1  7 
(i) sin2 + cos2 – tan2 =– (ii) 2 sin2 + cosec cos2 =0
6 3 4 2 6 6 3
 2  29  5 
(iii) 3 cos2 + sec + 5 tan2 = (iv) cot 2 + cosec + 3 tan2 =6
4 3 3 2 6 6 6
A-4. Find the value of :

fuEu ds eku Kkr dhft;s &
(i) cos 210° (ii) sin 225° (iii) tan 330° (iv) cot (– 315°)
 3 1 1
Ans. (i)  
 2  (ii) – (iii) – (iv) 1
  2 3
A-5. Prove that fl} dhft, fd

cos(   ) cos( )
(i) = cot 2 .
 
sin(   ) cos   
2 
(ii) cos + sin (270° + ) – sin (270° – ) + cos (180° + ) = 0.
 3    3  
(iii) cos     cos (2 + ) cot      cot (2  ) = 1.
 2    2  
Toll Free : 1800 200 2244 | 1800 258 5555 | CIN: U80302RJ2007PTC024029 ADVTR - 21
Trigonometry
A-6. If tan  = – 5/12,  is not in the second quadrant, then show that
sin(360 0  )  tan(90 0  ) 181
=
 sec( 270 0  )  cos ec( ) 338
;fn tan  = – 5/12 ,oa  f}rh; prqFkk±'k esa ugha gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd
sin(360 0  )  tan(90 0  ) 181
0 =
 sec( 270  )  cos ec( ) 338
Section (B) : sin (A + B), 2 sin A sin B, sin A sin B

[k.M (B) : sin (A + B), 2 sin A sin B, sin A sin B
B-1. Show that : (i) sin 20° . cos 40° + cos 20° . sin 40° = 3 /2
(ii) cos 100° . cos 40° + sin 100° . sin 40° = 1/2
iznf'kZr dhft, fd & (i) sin 20° . cos 40° + cos 20° . sin 40° = 3 /2
(ii) cos 100° . cos 40° + sin 100° . sin 40° = 1/2
B-2. Show that : iz n f'kZ r dhft, fd &

(i) sin2 750 – sin2 150 = 3 /2 (ii) sin2 450 – sin2 150 = 3 /4
 A  A  1 
B-3. Show that : sin2    – sin2    =   sin A
8 2  8 2   2
 A  A  1 
iznf'kZr dhft, fd sin2  8  2  – sin2  8  2  =   sin A
     2
B-4. Show that : cos² + cos² (+ )  2cos  cos  cos (+ ) = sin².
iznf'kZr dhft, fd cos² + cos² (+ )  2cos  cos  cos (+ ) = sin²
 9 5
B-5. Show that : cos 2  cos – cos 3  cos = sin 5  sin .
2 2 2
 9 5
iznf'kZr dhft, fd cos 2  cos – cos 3  cos = sin 5  sin
2 2 2
B-6. Prove that fl) dhft, fd &

sin 2 A  sin2 B
(i) = tan (A + B)
sin A cos A  sin B cos B
4 cos 2A
(ii) cot (A + 15º) – tan (A – 15º) =
1  2 sin 2A
10
B-7 If A + B = 450, prove that (1 + tanA)(1 + tan B) = 2 and hence deduce that tan 22 = 2–1
2
;fn A + B = 450 gks] rks fl) dhft, fd (1 + tanA)(1 + tan B) = 2 ,oa blds vk/kkj ij
10
fl) dhft, fd tan 22 = 2–1
2
Trigonometry
Section (C) : Multiple & sub-multiple angle formula
[k.M (C) : vioR;Z vkSj viorZd dks.k lw=k
C-1. If 0 <  < /4, then show that 2  2(1  cos 4) = 2 cos 
;fn 0 <  < /4 gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd 2  2(1  cos 4) = 2 cos 
cos3 A  cos 3A sin 3 A  sin 3 A

C-2. Prove that + =3
cos A sin A
cos3 A  cos 3A sin 3 A  sin 3 A

fl) dhft, fd + =3
cos A sin A
C-3. Prove that fl) dhft, fd
 2     
 1  cot    9
  4 
  cos cot 4 
(i)   sec = cosec 4. `
1  cot 2    2  2
  4  
1 1 sec 8 A  1 tan 8 A
(ii)  = cot 2 (iii) =
tan 3  tan  cot3 cot sec 4 A  1 tan 2A
cos A  sin A cos A  sin A

(iv) – = 2 tan 2A
cos A  sin A cos A  sin A
sin 3
C-4. Prove that sin  = and hence deduce the value of sin 15°.]
1  2 cos 2
sin 3
fl) dhft, fd sin  = rFkk blds vk/kkj ij sin 15° dk eku Kkr dhft,A
1  2 cos 2
3 1
Ans.
2 2
C-5. Prove that 4(cos3 20° + cos3 40°) = 3(cos 20° + cos 40°)
fl) dhft, fd 4(cos3 20° + cos3 40°) = 3(cos 20° + cos 40°)
C-6. Prove that :

tan 3 x 2 cos 2 x  1 2 sin x tan x
(i)  (ii)  =1
tan x 2 cos 2x  1 sin 3 x tan 3x
fl) dhft, fd &
tan 3 x 2 cos 2 x  1 2 sin x tan x
(i)  (ii)  =1
tan x 2 cos 2x  1 sin 3 x tan 3x
C-7 Prove that :

tan  tan (600 + ) tan(600 – ) = tan 3 and hence deduce that tan 200 tan 400 tan 600 tan 800 = 3.
fl) dhft, fd tan  tan (600 + ) tan(600 – ) = tan 3 ,oa blds vk/kkj ij
fuxeu dhft, fd tan 200 tan 400 tan 600 tan 800 = 3
Trigonometry
Section (D) : Range of various trig. Function and inequalities

[k.M (D) : vusd f=kdks.kferh; Qyuksa rFkk vlfedkvksa ds ifjlj
 2   2 
D-1. Find the extreme values of cos x cos  3  x cos  3  x
 2   2 
cos x cos  3  x cos  3  x ds pje eku Kkr dhft,A
1 1
Ans. – ,
4 4
D-2. Find the maximum and minimum values of following trigonometric functions
 
(i) cos 2x + cos2x (ii) cos2   x + (sinx – cos x) 2
4
fuEu f=kdks. kferh; Qyuksa ds vf/kdre o U;wure eku Kkr dhft, &
 
(i) cos 2x + cos2x (ii) cos2  4  x + (sinx – cos x) 2
Ans. (i) 2, –1 (ii) 3, 0
D-3. Find the greatest and least value of y

 
(i) y = 10 cos²x  6 sin x cos x + 2 sin²x (ii) y = 3 cos     + 5 cos  + 3
 3
y dk vf/kdre o U;w u re eku Kkr dhft, &
 
(i) y = 10 cos²x  6 sin x cos x + 2 sin²x (ii) y = 3 cos     + 5 cos  + 3
 3
Ans. (i) ymax = 11; ymin = 1 (ii) ymax = 10; ymin = – 4
Section (E) : Miscellaneous

[k.M (E) : fofo/k
E-1. Prove that : fl) dhft, fd &

(i) (cosec  – sin ) (sec  – cos ) (tan  + cot ) = 1
2 sin  tan  (1  tan )  2 sin  sec 2  2 sin 

(ii) 2
=
(1  tan ) (1  tan )
1  sin A
(iii) = ± (sec A – tan A)
1  sin A
cos A cos ecA  sin A sec A

(iv) = cosec A – sec A
cos A  sin A
1 1 1 1
(v) – = –
sec   tan  cos  cos  sec   tan 
cos3 A  sin3 A cos 3 A  sin 3 A

(vi) + =2
cos A  sin A cos A  sin A
Trigonometry
E-2. Eliminate  from the relations a sec  = 1 – b tan  , a2 sec2 = 5 + b2 tan2

lEcU/kksa a sec  = 1 – b tan  ,oa a2 sec2 = 5 + b2 tan2 ls  dks foyksfir dhft,A
Ans. a2b2 + 4a2 = 9b2
E-3. Find the value of fuEu ds eku Kkr dhft, &

(i) 4 sin 18° cos 36° (ii) cos2 72° – sin2 54°
2 2
(iii) cos 48º – sin 12º
5 1
Ans. (i) 1 (ii) – 5 /4 (iii)
8
a 2 – b2
E-4. If  and  are the solution of a cos + b sin = c, then show that cos( + ) =
a2  b2
a 2 – b2
a cos + b sin = c ds gy ;fn ,  gS] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd cos( + ) =
a2  b2
E-5. Sketch the following graphs :
fuEu Qyuksa ds vkys[k [khafp, &
x
(i) y = 3 sin 2x (ii) y = 2 tan x (iii) y = sin
2
Ans. (i) (ii)
(iii)
E-6. If f(x) = sin(x), then draw the graph of the followings :

;fn f(x) = sin(x) gks] rks fuEufyf[kr ds vkys[ k [khafp,&
(i) y = f(|x|)
Ans. + Sol gy
Trigonometry
(ii) y = f(–|x|)
Ans. + Sol. gy
(iii) |y| = f(x)
Ans. + Sol. gy
E-7. Draw the graph of the followings :

fuEufyf[kr ds vkys[k [khafp, &
| sin x |
(i) y= (ii) y = | cos x  1| 2
sin x
   
(iii) y = tan  2x   (iv) y = sin  | x |  3 
 3  
Section (F) : Trigonometric series and conditional identities

[k.M (F) : f=kdks. kferh; Js .kh rFkk izfrcfU/kr loZ lfedk
F-1. Prove that :

2 4 6 1
(i) cos cos cos =
7 7 7 8
 2 3 4 5 1
(ii) cos cos cos cos cos =
11 11 11 11 11 32
fl) dhft, fd &
2 4 6 1
(i) cos cos cos =
7 7 7 8
 2 3 4 5 1
(ii) cos cos cos cos cos =
11 11 11 11 11 32
n sin n cos( n  1)

F-2. Prove that sin2  + sin2 2 + sin2 3 + ....... + sin2 n = –
2 2 sin 
n sin n cos( n  1)

fl) dhft, fd sin2  + sin2 2 + sin2 3 + ....... + sin2 n = –
2 2 sin 
F-3. If  is the exterior angle of a regular polygon of n sides and  is any constant, then prove that
sin  + sin ( + ) + sin ( +2) + ............ up to n terms = 0
;fn  , n Hkqtkvksa okys le cgqHkqt dk cfg"dks. k gS rFkk  dksbZ vpj gks] rks fl) dhft, fd
sin  + sin ( + ) + sin ( +2) + ............ n inks a rd = 0
Trigonometry
F-4. For all values of  , prove that,
  
cos + cos + cos+ cos (+  + ) = 4 cos . cos . cos .
2 2 2
 , ds lHkh ekuks a ds fy, fl) dhft, fd
  
cos + cos + cos+ cos (+  + ) = 4 cos . cos . cos
2 2 2

F-5. If x + y + z = show that, sin 2x + sin 2y + sin 2z = 4cosx cosy cosz.
2

;fn x + y + z = gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd sin 2x + sin 2y + sin 2z = 4cosx cosy cosz
2
F-6. If x + y =  + z, then prove that sin2x + sin2y – sin2z = 2 sin x sin y cos z .
;fn x + y =  + z gks] rks fl) dhft, fd sin2x + sin2y – sin2z = 2 sin x sin y cos z
F-7. If A + B + C = 2S then prove that

A B C
cos (S – A) + cos(S – B) + cos (S – C) + cos S = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
;fn A + B + C = 2S gks] rks fl) dhft, fd
A B C
cos (S – A) + cos(S – B) + cos (S – C) + cos S = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
F-8. If A + B + C = 0° then prove that sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = – 4 sin A sin B sin C
;fn A + B + C = 0° gks] rks fl) dhft, fd sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = – 4 sin A sin B sin C
Section (G) : Trigonometric Equation

[k.M (G) : f=kdks .kferh; lehdj.k
G-1. What are the most general values of which satisfy the equations :
fuEu lehdj.kksa dks larq"V djus okys ds O;kid gy Kkr dhft, &
1
(i) sin = (ii) tan (x – 1) = 3
2
2
(iii) tan = – 1 (iv) cosec = .
3
(v) 2cot 2 = cosec2
 
Ans. (i) n + (– 1)n , n  (ii) n + + 1, n
4 3
  
(iii) n – , n  (iv) n + (– 1)n , n  (v) n ± , n 
4 3 4
G-2. Solve gy dhft, %

(i) sin9 = sin
(ii) cot + tan = 2cosec
(iii) sin2 = cos3
(iv) cot = tan8
(v) cot – tan = 2.
Trigonometry
(vi) cosec = cot + 3.

(vii) tan2 tan = 1
(viii) tan + tan2 + 3 tan tan2 = 3.
m ( 2m  1)
Ans. (i) , m  or ;k , m 
4 10

(ii) 2n ± , n 
3
 1  
(iii)  2n   , n  or ;k 2n – , n 
 2  5 2
 1 
(iv)  n   , n 
 2  9
 1 
(v) n   , n 
 4  2
2
(vi) 2n + , n 
3

(vii) n ±
6
 1 
(viii) n   , n 
 3  3
G-3. Solve gy dhft,

(i) sin + sin3 + sin5 = 0.
(ii) cos + sin = cos 2 + sin 2.
(iii) cos2 x + cos2 2 x + cos2 3 x = 1 .
(iv) sin2n – sin2(n – 1) = sin2, where n is constant and n  0, 1
sin2n – sin2(n – 1) = sin2, tgk¡ n vPkj gS vkSj n  0, 1
n  1
Ans. (i) , n  or ;k  n   , n 
3  3
2n 
(ii) 2 n , n or  + , n 
3 6
  
(iii) x = (2 n  1) , n  or x = (2 n  1) , n  or ;k x = n  ± ,n
4 2 6
m  1 
(iv) m, m  or , m  or ;k  m   , m 
n 1  2  n
G-4. Solve gy dhft,

(i) tan2 – (1 + 3 ) tan + 3 = 0
(ii) 4 cos – 3 sec = 2 tan
Trigonometry
   2 
(iii) tan x . tan  x   . tan  x   = 3.
 3   3 
 
Ans. (i)n + , n  or ;k n + , n 
3 4
 3
(ii) n + (– 1)n , n  or ;k n – (– 1)n , n 
10 10
n 
(iii) x=  , n
3 9
G-5. Solve gy dhft,

(i) 3 sin – cos = 2
(ii) 5 sin + 2 cos = 5
 
Ans. (i) n + + (– 1)n , n 
6 4
 3
(ii) 2n+ , n  or ;k 2n + 2 where tgk¡  = tan–1 ,n
2 7
Section (H) : Trigonometric Inequation

[k.M (H) : f=kdks . kfefr; vlfedk
  
H-1. Solve gy dhft, tan2 x  1 Ans. x  n  , n   : n  I
 4 4
H-2. Solve gy dhft, 2sin2x – sinx – 1 > 0
  11 
Ans.  2n  , 2n  
 6 6 
Section (I) : Heights and Distances

[k.M (I) : Å¡ pkbZ ;k¡ ,oa nw fj;k¡
I-1. Two pillars of equal height stand on either side of a roadway which is 60 m wide. At a point in the roadway
between the pillars, the angle of elevation of the top of pillars are 60º and 30º. Then find height of pillars -
nks leku Å¡pkbZ ds LrEHk ,d lM+d ftldh pkSMkbZ 60 eh0 gS] ds fdukjksa ij gSA LrEHkksa ds e/; lM+d ij fLFkr ,d fcUnq
ls LrEHkksa ds 'kh"kksZ± ds mUu;u dksa.k Øe'k% 60º rFkk 30º gS] rks LrEHkks dh Å¡pkbZ gksxh&
Ans. 15 3 m ehVj
I-2. If the angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points distance a and b from the base and in the same
straight line with it are complementary, then find the height of the tower :
,d LrEHk ds vk/kkj ls Øe'k% a rFkk b nwjh ij leku js[kk es fLFkr nks fcUnqvks ls LrEHk ds 'kh"kZ ds mUu;u dksa.k ijLij
iwjd dksa.k gS] rks LrEHk dh Åapk¡bZ gksxhµ
Ans. ab
Trigonometry
I-3. From the top of a cliff 25 m high the angle of elevation of a tower is found to be equal to the angle of
depression of the foot of the tower. Then find height of the tower -
25 eh0 Å¡ph pêku ds 'kh"kZ ls fdlh LrEHk dk mé;u dks.k] LrEHk ikn ds fnd~ikr dks.k ds cjkcj gks] rks LrEHk dh Å¡pkbZ
gksxh&
Ans. 50 m
PART - II : SCQ (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

Hkkx - II : SCQ ¼dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj½ (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
Section (A) : sin (90º ± ), sin (180º ± ) – angle transformation

[k.M (A) : sin (90º ± ), sin (180º ± ) – dks.k :ikUrj.k
   3   7 
tan  x   . cos  x  sin3   x
 2   2   2 
A-1. when simplified reduces to:
   3 
cos  x   . tan   x 
 2  2 
   3   7 
tan  x   . cos  x  sin3   x
 2   2   2 
O;atd ds ljyhdj.k ls izkIr gksrk gS &
   3 
cos  x   . tan   x
 2  2 
(A) sin x cos x (B)  sin2 x (C)  sin x cos x (D*) sin2x
 4  3  4   6   
A-2. The expression 3 sin  2     sin (3   ) – 2 sin      sin 6 (5   ) is equal to
      2  
 3
      
O;atd 3 sin 4      sin 4 (3   ) – 2 sin6      sin 6 (5   ) dk eku gS&
  2     2  
(A) 0 (B*) 1 (C) 3 (D) sin 4 + sin 6
A-3. cos (540° – ) – sin (630° – ) is equal to

cos (540° – ) – sin (630° – ) dk eku gS &
(A*) 0 (B) 2 cos  (C) 2 sin  (D) sin  – cos 
A-4. The value of tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° ... tan 89° is

tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° ... tan 89° dk eku gS &
1
(A*) 1 (B) 0 (C)  (D)
2
A-5. The value of the expression
    3   7   9 
1  cos  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos  is
 10   10   10  10 
    3   7   9 
O;atd 1  cos 10  1  cos 10  1  cos 10  1  cos 10  dk eku gS&
      
1 1 1
(A) (B*) (C) (D) 0
8 16 4
Trigonometry
2 4
A-6. If x = y cos = z cos , then xy + yz + zx is equal to
3 3
2 4
;fn x = y cos 3 = z cos 3 gks] rks xy + yz + zx dk eku gS &
(A) – 1 (B*) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
3
A-7. If 0° < x < 90° & cosx = , then the value of
10
log10 sin x + log10 cos x + log10tan x is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) – 1 (D) 2
3
;fn 0° < x < 90° vkSj cosx = gks] rks log10 sin x + log10 cos x + log10tan x dk eku gS &
10
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) – 1 (D) 2
Section (B) : sin (A + B), 2 sin A sin B, sin A sin B

[k.M (B) : sin (A + B), 2 sin A sin B, sin A sin B
sin 24 cos 6  sin 6 sin 66

B-1. The value of sin 21 cos 39  cos 51sin 69 is
(A*)  1 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0

sin 24 cos 6  sin 6 sin 66
sin 21 cos 39  cos 51sin 69
dk eku gS&
(A)  1 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0
B-2. If tan A and tan B are the roots of the quadratic equation x 2  ax + b = 0, then the value of sin2 (A + B).
;fn tan A vkSj tan B f}?kkr lehdj.k x 2  ax + b = 0 ds ewy gks] rks sin2 (A + B) dk eku gS &
a2 a2 a2 a2
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
a 2 (1b)2 a 2 b 2 (bc )2 b 2 (1a)2
B-3. If tan A – tan B = x and cot B – cot A = y, then cot (A – B) is equal to

;fn tan A – tan B = x vkSj cot B – cot A = y gks] rks cot (A – B) dk eku gS &
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) y – (B) – y (C*) + y (D) x  y
x x x
tan155   tan115 
B-4. If tan 25° = x, then 1  tan 155 tan115  is equal to
tan155   tan115 
;fn tan 25° = x gks] rks 1  tan 155 tan115  dk eku gS &
1 x2 1 x2 1 x2 1 x2
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
2x 2x 1 x2 1 x2
 cot A   cot B 
B-5. If A + B = 225°, then the value of   .   is
 1  cot A   1  cot B 
Trigonometry
 cot A   cot B 
;fn A + B = 225° gks] rks  
 .  dk eku gS &
 1  cot A   1  cot B 
1 1
(A) 2 (B*) (C) 3 (D)
2 3
B-6. The value of tan 203° + tan 22° + tan 203° tan 22° is
tan 203° + tan 22° + tan 203° tan 22° dk eku gS &
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C*) 1 (D) 2
Section (C) : Multiple & sub-multiple angle formula

[k.M (C) : vioR;Z vkSj viorZd dks.k lw=k
C-1. The value of tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A is equal to
(A*) tan 3A tan 2A tan A (B) – tan 3A tan 2A tan A
(C) tan A tan 2A – tan 2A tan 3A – tan 3A tan A (D) none of these
tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A dk eku gS &
(A) tan 3A tan 2A tan A (B) – tan 3A tan 2A tan A
(C) tan A tan 2A – tan 2A tan 3A – tan 3A tan A (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
1  tan 2 15
C-2. The value of is
1  tan 2 15
1  tan 2 15
dk eku gS&
1  tan 2 15
3
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C*) (D) 2
2
C-3. If A lies in the third quadrant and 3 tan A – 4 = 0, then 5 sin 2A + 3sinA + 4 cosA is equal to
;fn A r`rh; prqFkk±'k esa gks vkSj 3 tan A – 4 = 0 gks] rks 5 sin 2A + 3sinA + 4 cosA dk eku gS&
24 24 48
(A*) 0 (B) – (C) (D)
5 5 5
C-4. If cos A = 3/4, then the value of 16cos2 (A/2) – 32 sin (A/2) sin (5A/2) is
;fn cos A = 3/4 gks] rks 16cos2 (A/2) – 32 sin (A/2) sin (5A/2) dk eku gS &
(A) – 4 (B) – 3 (C*) 3 (D) 4
C-5. If tan2  = 2 tan2  + 1, then the value of cos 2 + sin2  is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) – 1 (D*) Independent of 
2 2 2
;fn tan  = 2 tan  + 1 gks] rks cos 2 + sin  dk eku gS &
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) – 1 (D) ls Lora=k
 
C-6. If   ,   then the value of 1sin  1sin is equal to:
2 
 
(A*) 2 cos (B) 2 sin (C) 2 (D) none of these
2 2
 
;fn   2,  gks] rks 1sin  1sin dk eku gS &
 
 
(A) 2 cos (B) 2 sin (C) 2 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
2 2
Trigonometry
1 1
C-7. The value of + is
cos 290 3 sin 250
2 3 4 3
(A) (B*) (C) 3 (D) none
3 3
1 1
cos 290
+ dk eku gS&
3 sin 250
2 3 4 3
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
3 3
Section (D) : Range of various trig. Function and inequalities

[k.M (D) : vusd f=kdks.kferh; Qyuksa rFkk vlfedkvksa ds ifjlj
D-1. If f() = sin4  + cos2 , then range of f() is
1  1 3 3 
(A)  , 1 (B)  ,  (C*)  , 1 (D) None of these
2  2 4 4 
;fn f() = sin4  + cos2  gks] rks f() dk ifjlj gS &
1  1 3 3 
(A)  , 1 (B)  ,  (C*)  , 1 (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
2  2 4 4 
D-2. Range of function f(x) = cos2x + 4sec2x is

Qyu f(x) = cos2x + 4sec2x dk ifjlj gS&
(A) [4, ) (B) [0, ) (C*) [5, ) (D) (0, )
D-3. The difference between maximum and minimum value of the expression y = 1 + 2 sin x + 3 cos2 x is
O;tad y = 1 + 2 sin x + 3 cos2 x ds vf/kdre vkSj U;wure eku dk vUrj gS&
16 13
(A*) (B) (C) 7 (D) 8
3 3
Section (E) : Miscellaneous

[k.M (E) : fofo/k
E-1.  + cot  = a then the value of tan4  + cot 4  =
;fn tan  + cot  = a gks] rks tan4  + cot4  dk eku gS &
(A) a4 4a2 + 2 (B*) a4  4a2 + 2 (C) a4  4a2  2 (D) a4  2a2 + 2
E-2. If a cos  + b sin  = 3 & a sin  b cos  = 4 then a2 + b2 has the value =
;fn a cos  + b sin  = 3 vkSj a sin  b cos  = 4 gks] rks a2 + b2 dk eku gS&
(A*) 25 (B) 14 (C) 7 (D) 10
E-3. STATEMENT-1 : sin 2 > sin 3
 
STATEMENT-2 : If x, y   ,   , x < y, then sin x > sin y
2 
(A*) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
Trigonometry
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
dFku -1 : sin 2 > sin 3
dFku -2 : ;fn x, y    ,   , x < y gks] rks sin x > sin y

2 
(A*) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(C) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA
(D) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSA
Section (F) : Miscellaneous series and product, conditional identities

[k.M (F) : fofo/k Js f.k;k¡ ,oa xq.kuQy] izfrcfU/kr loZlfedk,¡
cos208sin70sin50sin10
F-1. is equal to:
sin 2 80
cos208sin70sin50sin10
dk eku gS&
sin2 80
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3/4 (D) 0
F-2. The numerical value of sin 12° . sin48° . sin 54° is equal to
sin 12° .sin48° . sin 54° dk la [ ;kRed eku gS &
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
2 4 16 8
F-3. If A = tan 6° tan 42° and B = cot 66° cot 78°, then
;fn A = tan 6° tan 42° vkSj B = cot 66° cot 78° gks] rks &
1
(A) A = 2B (B) A = B (C*) A = B (D) 3A = 2B
3
 2 3 4 5 6
F-4. The value of cos 0 + cos + cos + cos + cos + cos + cos is
7 7 7 7 7 7
 2 3 4 5 6
cos 0 + cos + cos + cos + cos + cos + cos dk eku gS&
7 7 7 7 7 7
(A) 1/2 (B)  1/2 (C) 0 (D*) 1
 2 4 8 16
F-5. The value of cos cos cos cos cos is :
10 10 10 10 10
 2 4 8 16
cos cos cos cos cos dk eku gS &
10 10 10 10 10
10  2 5 cos / 10  cos / 10  10  2 5
(A) (B*) – (C) (D) –
64 16 16 16
 3 5 17
F-6. The value of cos + cos + cos +...... + cos is equal to:
19 19 19 19
(A*) 1/2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
Trigonometry
 3 5 17
cos + cos + cos +...... + cos dk eku gS &
19 19 19 19
(A*) 1/2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
Section (G) : Trigonometric Equation

[k.M (G) : f=kdks .kfefr; lehdj.k
G-1. The solution set of the equation 4sin.cos – 2cos – 2 3 sin + 3 = 0 in the interval (0, 2) is
vUrjky (0,2) esa lehdj.k 4sin.cos – 2cos – 2 3 sin + 3 = 0 ds gyksa dk leqPp; gS&
 3 7    5   3  5    5 11 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  , , ,  (D*)  , , 
4 4 3 3   4 3 3  6 6 6 
G-2. All solutions of the equation 2 sin + tan = 0 are obtained by taking all integral values of m and n in:
2 2
(A) 2n + , n  (B*) n or 2m  ± where n, m 
3 3
 
(C) n or m  ± where n, m  (D) n or 2m  ± where n, m 
3 3
m ,oa n ds leLr iw . kkZ a d eku ys r s gq , lehdj.k 2 sin + tan = 0 ds leLr gy gks a xs –
2 2
(A) 2n + , n  (B) n ;k 2m  ± tgk¡ n, m 
3 3
 
(C) n ;k m  ± tgk¡ n, m  (D) n ;k 2m  ± tgk¡ n, m 
3 3
G-3. Total number of solutions of equation sinx . tan4x = cosx belonging to (–, 2) are :
vUrjky (–, 2) esa sinx . tan4x = cosx ds gyksa dh dqy la[ ;k gS &
(A) 4 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D*) 15
 
G-4. If x  0 ,  , the number of solutions of the equation sin 7x + sin 4x + sin x = 0 is:
 2
 
;fn x  0 ,  gks] rks lehdj.k sin 7x + sin 4x + sin x = 0 ds gyksa dh la[ ;k gS&
2
 
(A) 3 (B*) 5 (C) 6 (D) 4
G-5. The general solution of equation sinx + sin5x = sin2x + sin4x is:
lehdj.k sinx + sin5x = sin2x + sin4x dk O;kid gy gS &
n n n 2 n
(A) ; n  (B) ;n (C*) ;n (D) ;n
2 5 3 3
G-6. The general solution of the equation 2cos2x = 3.2cos2x  4 is

lehdj.k 2cos2x = 3.2cos2x  4 dk O;kid gy gS &
(A) x = 2n, n  (B*) x = n, n 
(C) x = n, n  (D) x = n, n 
Trigonometry
G-7. If 2 cos2 ( + x) + 3 sin ( + x) vanishes then the values of x lying in the interval from 0 to 2 are
(A*) x = /6 or 5/6 (B) x = /3 or 5/3 (C) x = /4 or 5/4 (D) x = /2 or 5/2
2
;fn 2 cos ( + x) + 3 sin ( + x) dk eku 'kwU; gS] rks vUrjky (0,2) esa 'x' dk eku gS
(A*) x = /6 ;k 5/6 (B) x = /3 ;k 5/3 (C) x = /4 ;k 5/4 (D) x = /2 ;k 5/2
cos 3 1
G-8. = if
2 cos 2  1 2
cos 3 1
= gks xk ;fn &
2 cos 2  1 2
 
(A)  = n + , n  (B*)  = 2n  , n 
3 3
 
(C)  = 2n ± , n  (D)  = n + , n 
6 6
G-9. If cos 2 + 3 cos  = 0, then
 17  3    17  3 
(A*)  = 2n ±  where  = cos–1  
 (B)  = 2n ±  where  = cos–1  

 4   4 
  17  3   17  3 
(C)  = 2n ±  where  = cos–1  
 (D)  = 2n ±  where  = cos–1  4

 4   
;fn cos 2 + 3 cos  = 0, rks
 17  3    17  3 
(A)  = 2n ±  tgk¡  = cos–1  
 (B)  = 2n ±  tgk¡  = cos–1  

 4   4 
  17  3   17  3 
(C)  = 2n ±  tgk¡  = cos–1  
 (D)  = 2n ±  where  = cos–1  4

 4   
G-10. If sin  + 7 cos  = 5, then tan (/2) is a root of the equation

;fn sin  + 7 cos  = 5 gks] rks fuEu esa ls fdl lehdj.k dk ,d ewy tan (/2) gS &
(A) x 2  6x + 1 = 0 (B*) 6x 2  x  1 = 0 (C) 6x 2 + x + 1 = 0 (D) x 2  x + 6 = 0
1
G-11. The most general solution of tan = – 1 and cos = is :
2
1
tan = – 1 vkS j cos = dk O;kid gy gS&
2
7 7 7 3
(A) n + , n  (B) n + (– 1)n , n  (C*) 2n  + , n  (D) 2n  + , n 
4 4 4 4
1
G-12. A triangle ABC is such that sin(2A + B) = . If A, B, C are in A.P. then the angle A, B, C are
2
respectively.
Trigonometry
1
fdlh f=kHkqt ABC esa sin(2A + B) = gSA ;fn A, B, C , l-Js- esa gSa] rks dks. k A, B, C Øe'k gksxsa &
2
5     5   5  5 
(A) , , (B*) , , (C) , , (D) , ,
12 4 3 4 3 12 3 4 12 3 12 4
Section (H) : Trigonometric Inequation

[k.M (H) : f=kdks . kfefr; vlfedk
H-1 The solution of inequality cos 2x  cos x is

vlfedk cos 2x  cos x dk gy gS&
    2 2 
(A) x  2n – , 2n   (B*) x  2n – , 2n 
 3 3  3 3 
 2   2 
(C) x  2n, 2n  (D) x  2n – , 2n
 3   3 
H-2. Which of the following set of values of x satisfy the inequation tan 2x – (1 + 3 ) tan x + 3 <0
vlfedk tan2x – (1 + 3 ) tan x + 3 < 0 dks larq"B djus okys x ds ekuksa dk leqPp; fuEu esa dkSulk gSA
 4n  1 3n  1   2n  1 2n  1 

(A*)  ,  , (n  Z) (B)  ,  , (n  Z)
 4 3   4 3 
 4n  1 4n  1    

(C)  ,  , (n  Z) (D) x   , 
 4 3   4 2
Section (I) : Heights and Distances

[k.M (I) : Å¡ pkbZ ;k¡ ,oa nw fj;k¡
I-1. A tree 12 m high, is broken by the wind in such a way that its top touches the ground and makes an angle
60º with the ground. The height from the bottom of the tree from where it is broken by the wind is appoximately
,d isM+ 12 eh0 Å¡pk gSA ;g isM+ bl rjg VwVrk gS fd bldk 'kh"kZ /kjkry dks Li'kZ djrk gS rFkk /kjkry ls 60º dk dks.k
cukrk gSA /kjkry ls isM+ ds ml Hkkx dh Å¡pkbZ tgk¡ ls ;g VwVrk gS] gksxh&
(A*) 5.57 m (B) 5.21 (C) 5.36 (D) 5.9
I-2. AB is a vertical pole and C is the middle point. The end A is on the level ground and P is any point on the level
ground other than A. The portion CB subtends an angle  at P. If AP : AB = 2 : 1, then  is equal to-
AB ,d m/okZ/kj [kEHkk RkFkk C e/; fcUnq gSA /kjkry ij mldk ,d fljk A rFkk fcUnq P /kjkry ij A ds vykok dksbZ nwljk
fcUnq gSA Hkkx CB fcUnq P ij  dks.k vUrfjr djrk gSA ;fn AP : AB = 2 : 1 rks dks.k  cjkcj gS&
 1 4 5 2

(A) tan–1   (B) tan–1   (C) tan–1   (D*) tan–1  
9 9 9 9
I-3. A round ballon of radius r subtends an angle  at the eye of the observer, while the angle of elevation of its
centre is . The height of the centre of ballon is-
Trigonometry
r f=kT;k dk ,d xksy xqCckjk fujh{kd dh vk¡[kksa esa  dks.k vUrfjr djrk gSA tcfd blds dsUæ dk mUu;u dks.k gS] rks
xqCckjs ds dsUæ dh Å¡pkbZ gksxh&
   
(A) r cosec  sin (B) r sin  cosec (C) r sin cosec  (D*) r cosec sin 
2 2 2 2
I-4. If the angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 200 m above a lake is 30º and the angle of depression of its
reflection in the lake is 60º, then the height of the cloud above the lake, is
(A) 200 m (B) 500 m (C) 30 m (D*) 400 m
>hy dh lrg ls 200 eh0 dh Å¡pkbZ ij fLFkr ,d fcUnq ls ckny dk mUu;u dksa.k 30º gS rFkk blh fcUnq ls >hy esa ckny
ds izfrfcEc dk voueu dksa.k 60° gS] rks >hy dh lrg ls ckny dh Å¡pkbZ gksxhµ
(A) 200 ehVj (B) 500 ehVj (C) 30 ehVj (D*) 400 ehVj
I-5. A man on the top of a vertical tower observes a car moving at a uniform speed coming directly towards it. If
it takes 12 minutes for the angle of depression to change from 30º to 45º, then the car will reach the tower in
(A) 17 minutes 23 seconds (B*) 16 minutes 23 seconds
(C) 16 minutes 18 seconds (D) 18 minutes 22 seconds
m/okZ/kj LrEHk ds 'kh"kZ ij fLFkr ,d O;fä ;g fujh{k.k djrk gS fd ,d dkj ,d leku xfr ls LrEHk dh vksj vk jgh gSA
;fn 12 feuV esa fnd~ikr dks.k 30º ls 45º esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gS] rks dkj dks LrEHk rd vkus easa fdruk le; yxsxkA
(A) 17 feuV 23 lsd.M (B*) 16 feuV 23 lsd.M
(C) 16 feuV18 lsd.M (D) 18 feuV 22 lsd.M
PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN
Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN )
1. Column - I Column - II
(A) tan 9°  tan 27°  tan 63° + tan 81° (p) 1
(B) cosec 10° – 3 sec 10° (q) 2
 sec 5 cos 40 

(C) 2 2 sin10   – 2 sin 35 (r) 3
 2 sin 5 
(D) 3 (cot 70º + 4 cos 70º) (s) 4

Ans. (A)  (s), (B)  (s), (C)  (s), (D)  (r)
2. Column –  Column – 
1
(A) If for some real x, the equation x + = 2 cos  holds, (p) 2
x
then cos  is equal to
(B) If sin  + cosec  = 2, then sin2008  + cosec2008 is equal to (q) 1
(C) Maximum value of sin4 + cos4 is (r) 0
(D) Least value of 2 sin2 + 3 cos2 is (s) –1

Ans. (A)  (q, s), (B)  (p), (C)  (q), (D)  (p)
Trigonometry
LrEHk –  LrEHk – 
1
(A) ;fn lehdj.k x + = 2 cos  , x ds dq N okLrfod ekuks a (p) 2
x
ds fy, lR; gks] rks cos  dk eku gS &
(B) ;fn sin  + cosec  = 2 gks] rks sin2008  + cosec2008 dk (q) 1
dk eku gS &
(C) sin4 + cos4 dk vf/kdre eku gS & (r) 0
(D) 2 sin2 + 3 cos2 dk U;w u re eku gS & (s) –1
Ans. (A)  (q, s), (B)  (p), (C)  (q), (D)  (p)
3. Column –  Column – 
(A) Number of solutions of sin2 + 3 cos  = 3 (p) 0

in [– , ]
(B) Number of solutions of sin x . tan 4x = cos x (q) 1

in (0, )
(C) Number of solutions of equation (r) 2
2   
(1 – tan ) (1 + tan ) sec2 + 2 tan 
= 0 where     , 
 2 2
(D) If [sin x] + [ 2 cosx] = – 3, where x  [0, 2] (s) 5

then [sin 2x] equals (Here [.] denotes G.I.F.)
LrEHk –  LrEHk – 
(A) vUrjky [– , ] esa sin2 + 3 cos  = 3 ds gyksa dh la[;k gS& (p) 0
(B) vUrjky (0, ) esa sin x . tan 4x = cos x ds gyksa dh la[;k gS& (q) 1
2
(C) (1 – tan ) (1 + tan ) sec2 + 2 tan 
=0 (r) 2
  
tgk¡     2 , 2  , ds gyksa dh la[;k gS&
 
(D) ;fn [sin x] + [ 2 cosx] = – 3, tgk¡ x  [0, 2] gks] (s) 5

rks [sin 2x] dk eku gS&
(;gk¡ [.] egÙke iw.kk±d Qyu dks iznf'kZr djrk gS)
Ans. (A)  (q), (B)  (s), (C)  (r), (D)  (p)
Trigonometry

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
1. In a triangle ABC if tan A < 0 then:

(A) tan B. tan C > 1 (B*) tan B. tan C < 1
(C) tan B. tan C = 1 (D) Data insufficient
,d f=kHkqt ABC esa ;fn tan A < 0 gks] rks &
(A) tan B. tan C > 1 (B) tan B. tan C < 1
(C) tan B. tan C = 1 (D) vkadMs i;kZIr ugha gS
2. If sin  = 1/2 and cos  = 1/3, then the values of  + (if ,  are both acute) will lie in the interval
[IIT-JEE-2004, Scr., (3,–1)/84]
;fn sin  = 1/2 vkSj cos  = 1/3 gks rFkk  vkSj  nksuksa U;wu dks. k gks] rks ' + ' ds ekuksa dk vUrjky gS&
[IIT-JEE-2004, Scr., (3,–1)/84]
    2   2 5    5 
(A)  ,  (B*)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  ,  
3 2 2 3  3 6  6 
sin A 3 cos A 5
3. If = and = , 0 < A, B </2, then tan A + tan B is equal to
sin B 2 cos B 2
sin A 3 cos A 5
;fn = vkSj = , 0 < A, B </2 gks ] rks tan A + tan B dk eku gS &
sin B 2 cos B 2
(A) 3/ 5 (B) 5/ 3 (C) 1 (D*) ( 5  3 ) / 5
4. In a right angled triangle the hypotenuse is 2 2 times the perpendicular drawn from the opposite
vertex. Then the other acute angles of the triangle are
,d ledks.k f=kHkqt esa ftldk d.kZ] foijhr 'kh"kZ ls bl ij Mkys x, yEc dh yEckbZ dk 2 2 xquk gS rks f=kHkqt ds vU;
nks U;wu dks.k gS &
   3    3
(A) & (B*) & (C) & (D) &
3 6 8 8 4 4 5 10
5. If 3 cos x + 2 cos 3x = cos y, 3 sin x + 2 sin 3x = sin y, then the value of cos 2x is
;fn 3 cos x + 2 cos 3x = cos y ,oa 3 sin x + 2 sin 3x = sin y gks] rks cos 2x dk eku gS &
1 1 7
(A*) – 1 (B) (C) – (D)
8 8 8
cos 3
6. If cos  + cos  = a, sin  + sin  = b and  –  = 2, then =
cos 
cos 3
;fn cos  + cos  = a, sin  + sin  = b vkSj  –  = 2gks] rks dk eku gS&
cos 
(A) a2 + b2 – 2 (B*) a2 + b2 – 3 (C) 3 – a2 – b2 (D) (a2 + b2) /4
Trigonometry
3 1
7. If <  < , then 2 cot   is equal to
4 sin 2 
3 1
;fn <  < gks ] rks 2 cot   dk eku gS &
4 sin 2 
(A) 1 + cot  (B*) – 1 – cot  (C) 1 – cot  (D) – 1 + cot 
  sin   sin 2
8. For  << , lies in the interval
2 2 1  cos   cos 2
  sin   sin 2
vUrjky << ds fy, O;atd 1  cos   cos 2 fdl vUrjky esa gksxk &
2 2
(A*) () (B) (2, 2) (C) (0, ) (D) (1, 1)
9. The number of all possible triplets (a 1, a2, a3) such that a1 + a2 cos 2x + a3 sin2x = 0 for all x is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D*) infinite
2
x ds lHkh ekuks a ds fy, a1 + a2 cos 2x + a3 sin x = 0 ds lHkh la Hkkfor f=kdks a (a1, a2, a3) dh la [ ;k gS a &
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) vuUr
3
10. If A + B + C = , then cos 2A + cos2B + cos2C is equal to
2
3
;fn A + B + C = gks] rks cos 2A + cos2B + cos2C dk eku gS &
2
(A) 1 – 4cos A cosB cosC (B) 4 sin A sin B sin C
(C) 1 + 2 cos A cos B cos C (D*) 1– 4 sin A sin B sin C
11. If A + B + C =  & cosA = cosB. cosC then tanB. tanC has the value equal to:
;fn A + B + C =  vkSj cosA = cosB. cosC gks] rks tanB. tanC dk eku gS &
(A) 1 (B) 1/2 (C*) 2 (D) 3
12. The general solution of the equation tan2  +2 3 tan  = 1 is given by:
lehdj.k tan2  +2 3 tan  = 1 dk O;kid gy gS &

n 
(A)  = , n  (B)  = (2n + 1) , n 
2 2
 n
(C*)  = (6n + 1) , n  (D)  = , n 
12 12
   2 
13. The general solution of the equation tan x + tan  x   + tan  x   = 3 is
 3 3
n  n  n  n 
(A)  , n  (B)  , n  (C*)  , n  (D)  , n 
4 12 3 6 3 12 3 4
   2 
tan x + tan  x   + tan  x   = 3 dk O;kid gy gS &
 3 3
n  n  n  n 
(A)  , n  (B)  , n  (C)  , n  (D)  , n 
4 12 3 6 3 12 3 4
Trigonometry
sec2 x
2
14. The complete solution set of the equation 1 + 2 cosec x =  is
2
sec2 x2
lehdj.k 1 + 2 cosec x =  dk lEiw. kZ gy leqP;; gS&
2
   
(A*) 2 n   ,n  (B) n   , n  (C) 2 n   ,n (D) n   ,n 
2 2 2 2
15. The principal solution set of the equation 2 cos x = 2  2 sin 2 x is
lehdj.k 2 cos x = 2  2 sin 2 x ds eq[ ; gyksa dk leqPp; gS &
  13     13     13     13 
(A*)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
8 8  4 8   4 10   8 10 
16. The solution of |cosx| = cosx – 2sinx is

|cosx| = cosx – 2sinx ds gy gS &

(A) x = n, n  (B) x = n + , n 
4
 
(C) x = n + (–1)n , n  (D*) x = (2n + 1) + , n 
4 4
17. The solution of inequality 4tanx – 3.2tanx + 2  0 is

vlfedk 4tanx – 3.2tanx + 2  0 dk gy gS&
   
(A*) x  n, n   ; n  (B) x  n, n –  ; n 
 4  4
   
(C) x  n, n   ; n  (D) x  n, n –  ; n 
 6   6 
18. The solution of inequality 5  2 sin x  6 sin x – 1 is

vlfedk 5  2 sin x  6 sin x – 1 dk gy gS&
(A) [ (12n – 7)/6,  (12n + 7)/6] (n  Z) (B*) [ (12n – 7)/6,  (12n + 1)/6] (n  Z)
(C) [ (2n – 7)/6,  (2n + 1)/6] (n  Z) (D) [ (12n – 7)/3,  (12n + 1)/3] (n  Z)
PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

Hkkx - II : ,dy ,oa f}&iw.kk±d eku izdkj ¼SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE½
 
tan
2
1. If 3 sin =5 sin, then find the value of .
 
tan
2
 
tan
2
;fn 3 sin =5 singks] rks    dk eku gS &
tan
2
Ans. 4
Trigonometry
2. If ,  are different values of  satisfying the equation 5 cos  – 12 sin  = 11. If the value of
5k
sin ( + ) = – , then find the value of k.
169
5k
;fn lehdj.k 5 cos  – 12 sin  = 11 dks larq"V djus okys ds fHkUu&fHkUu eku ,  gks] rFkk sin(+ )= –
169
gks rks k dk eku gS &
Ans. 24
 3   x
3. If x   ,  then 4 cos2    + 4 sin 4 x  sin 2 2x is always equal to
 2  4 2
 3   x
;fn x   ,  gks] rks 4 cos2  4  2  + 4 sin 4 x  sin 2 2x lnSo cjkcj gS &
 2   
Ans. 2
4. If three angles A, B, C are such that

cos A + cos B + cos C = 0 and if
 cos A cos B cos C = cos 3A + cos 3B + cos 3C, then value of  is :
;fn rhu dks. k A, B, C bl izdkj gS fd
cos A + cos B + cos C = 0 vkS j ;fn
cos A cos B cos C = ( cos 3A + cos 3B + cos 3C) gks ] rks  dk eku gS &
Ans. 12
5. Find the number of integral values of , for which equation 4cos x + 3 sin x = 2 + 1 has a solution.
ds iw . kkZ a d ekuks a dh la [ ;k Kkr dhft, tcfd lehdj.k 4cos x + 3 sin x = 2 + 1 gy j[krh gS A
Ans. 6
6. If a cos3  + 3a cos  sin2  = m and a sin3  + 3a cos2  sin  = n. if (m+n)2/3 + (m  n)2/3 = 2a2/3, then
find value of .
;fn a cos3  + 3a cos  sin2  = m vkSj a sin3  + 3a cos2  sin  = n gks] rFkk
(m+n)2/3 + (m  n)2/3 = 2a2/3 gks rks  dk eku gksxk
Ans. 1
7. If 2 cos x + sin x = 1, then find the sum of all possible values of 7 cos x + 6 sin x.
;fn 2 cos x + sin x = 1 gks] rks 7 cos x + 6 sin x ds lHkh laHkkfor ekuksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 8
  3 
8. The number of roots of the equation cot x = + x in  , is ,
2  2 
 3  
vUrjky  , 2  esa lehdj.k cot x = + x ds gyksa dh la[;k gS&
  2
Ans. 3
 n 
9. If 2tan2x – 5 secx – 1 = 0 has 7 different roots in 0, , n  N, then find the greatest value of n.
 2 
 n 
;fn 2tan2x – 5 secx – 1 = 0 ds vUrjky 0, 2  (n  N) esa 7 fHkUu&fHkUu ewy gks] rks n dk vf/kdre eku Kkr
 
djks
Ans. 15
Trigonometry
10. Find the number of integral values of a for which the equation cos 2x + a sin x = 2a  7 possesses a
solution.
;fn lehdj.k cos 2x + a sin x = 2a  7 dk gy lEHko gks] rks 'a' ds iw. kk±d ekuksa dh la[ ;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 5
11. The number of solutions of the equation |sinx| = | cos3x| in [–2, 2] is
vUrjky [–2, 2] esa lehdj.k |sinx| = | cos3x| ds gyksa dh la[ ;k gS &
Ans. 24
12. In any triangle ABC, which is not right angled  cosA .cosecB.cosecC is equal to
fdlh f=kHkqt ABC esa] tks fd ledks. k f=kHkqt ugh gS]  cosA .cosecB.cosecC dk eku gS &
Ans. 2
13. If A + B + C = , then find value of tan B tan C + tan C tan A + tan A tan B – sec A sec B sec C.
;fn A + B + C =  gks] rks tan B tan C + tan C tan A + tan A tan B – sec A sec B sec C dk eku gksxk&
Ans. 1
14. If the arithmetic mean of the roots of the equation 4cos3x – 4cos2x – cos( + x) – 1 = 0 in the interval
[0, 315] is equal to k , then find the value of k
vUrjky [0,315] esa lehdj.k 4cos3x – 4cos2x – cos( + x) – 1 = 0 ds ewyksa dk lekUrj ek/; kds cjkcj gS rc
k dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 50
1
15. cos ( – ) = 1 and cos ( + ) = , where ,   [–, ]. Then number of ordered pairs (, ) which
e
satisfy both the equations.
1
cos ( – ) = 1 vkS j cos ( + ) = , tgk¡ ,   [–, ] gSA nksuksa lehdj.kksa dks larq"V djus okys Øfer ;qXe
e
(, ) dh la [ ;k gS & [IIT-JEE-2005, Scr., (3,–1)/84]
Ans. 4
16. Number of values of between 0° and 90° which satisfy the equation sec 2 .cosec2 + 2 cosec2 = 8
0° vkS j 90° ds e/;  ds og eku Kkr dhft, tks lehdj.k sec2 .cosec2 + 2 cosec2 = 8 dks lUrq "V djrs
gS A
Ans. 2
17. Find the number of all values of  [0, 10.5] satisfying the equation
cos 6  + cos 4 + cos 2 + 1 = 0 .
 [0, 10.5] ds lHkh ekuksa dh la [;k gks xh tks lehdj.k cos 6  + cos 4 + cos 2 + 1 = 0 dks la r q "B djrh gS &
Ans. 17
18. In (0, 6), find the number of solutions of the equation tan+ tan 2 + tan 3 = tan .tan2.tan3
(0, 6) es lehdj.k tan+ tan 2 + tan 3 = tan .tan2.tan3ds gyks a dh la [ ;k Kkr dhft,&
Ans. 17
19. If 0  x 3 , 0 y 3and cos x . sin y = 1, then find the possible number of values of the ordered pair
(x, y)
;fn 0  x 3 , 0 y 3vkSj cos x . sin y = 1 rc Øfer ;qXeksa (x, y) ds ekuksa dh laHkkfor la[ ;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 6
Trigonometry
20. Find the number of values of  satisfying the equation sin3  = 4sin . sin 2. sin 4 in 0 2
0 2 es lehdj.k sin3  = 4sin . sin 2. sin 4 in dks lar q "B djus okys  ds ekuks a dh la [ ;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 15
21. Find the number of solutions of the equation cos 6x + tan2 x + cos 6x . tan2 x = 1 in the interval [0, 2].
vUrjky [0, 2] esa lehdj.k cos 6x + tan2 x + cos 6x . tan2 x = 1 ds gyksa dh la[ ;k gS &
Ans. 07
3 7 12(  )
22. Consider tan  + sin = & tan² + cos² = , find maximum value of if  +   (0, 2).
2 4 
3 7 12(  )
ekuk fd tan  + sin = vkSj tan² + cos² = rc dk vf/kdre eku gksxk ;fn  +   (0, 2).
2 4 
Ans. 17
23. Find the number of integral values of n so that sinx(sinx + cosx) = n has at least one solution.
n ds iw.kkZad ekuksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft, tcfd sinx(sinx + cosx) = n ds de ls de ,d gy j[krk gS&
Ans. 2
24. Find the number of values of x in (0, 2) satisfying the equation cot x  2 sin 2x = 1 .
lehdj.k cot x  2 sin 2x = 1 dks larq"B djus okys (0, 2) esa x ds ekuksa dh la[ ;k gS&
Ans. 6
25. Find the number of solutions of sin + 2sin2 + 3sin3 + 4sin4 = 10 in(0, ).
vUrjky (0,) esa lehdj.k sin + 2sin2 + 3sin3 + 4sin4 = 10 ds gyksa dh la[ ;k gS –
Ans. 0
26. Find the values of x satisfying the equation 2 sin x = 3 x 2 + 2 x + 3.

lehdj.k 2 sin x = 3 x 2 + 2 x + 3 dks larq"B djus okys x ds ekuksa dh la[ ;k gS&
Ans. 0
PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
(cos11  sin11)
1. The value of is
(cos11  sin11)
(cos11  sin11)
(cos11  sin11)
dk eku gS&
(A*) –tan 304° (B*) tan 56° (C*) cot 214° (D*) cot 34°
1 t
2. If sin t + cos t = then tan is equal to:
5 2
1 t
;fn sin t + cos t = 5 gks] rks tan dk eku gS &
2
1 1
(A) 1 (B*) – (C*) 2 (D) –
3 6
sinx  cosx
3. The value of =
cos3 x
Trigonometry
sinx  cosx
dk eku gS&
cos 3 x
(A) 1 + tan x + tan2x  tan3x (B*) 1 + tan x + tan2x + tan3x
(C) 1  tan x + tan2x + tan3x (D*) (1 + tan x) sec2x
4. If (sec A + tan A) (sec B + tan B) (sec C + tan C) = (sec A – tan A) (sec B – tan B) (sec C – tan C) then
each side is equal to
(A*) 1 (B*) –1 (C) 0 (D) none
;fn (sec A + tan A) (sec B + tan B) (sec C + tan C) = (sec A – tan A) (sec B – tan B) (sec C – tan C)
gks] rks izR;sd i{k fuEu esa ls fdl ds cjkcj gS &
(A) 1 ds (B) –1 ds (C) 0 ds (D) bues a ls fdlh ds ugha
5. Which of the following is correct ?

fuEu esa ls dkSu&dkSu ls lgh gS ?
(A) sin 1° > sin 1 (B*) sin 1° < sin 1 (C*) cos 1° > cos 1 (D) cos 1° < cos 1
6. If sin x + sin y = a & cos x + cos y = b, then which of the following may be true.
;fn sin x + sin y = a vkSj cos x + cos y = b rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gks ldrk gS&
2 ab x y 4  a2  b2
(A*) sin (x + y) = (B*) tan =
a2  b2 2 a2  b2
x y 4  a2  b2 2 ab
(C*) tan = – (D) cos (x + y) =
2 a2  b2 a2  b2
3
7. If cos (A – B) = and tan A tan B = 2,then which of the following is/are correct
5
3
;fn cos (A – B) = vkSj tan A tan B = 2 gks] rks fuEu esa ls dkSuls lR; gS&
5
1 2
(A) cos A cos B = – (B*) sin A sin B =
5 5
1 4
(C*) cos (A + B) = – (D) sin A cos B =
5 5
8. If Pn = cosn  + sinn  and Q n = cosn  – sinn , then which of the following is/are true.
;fn Pn = cosn  + sinn  vkSj Qn = cosn  – sinn rc fuEu esa ls dkSuls lR; gS&
(A*) Pn – Pn – 2 = – sin2 cos2 Pn – 4 (B*) Q n – Q n – 2 = – sin2 cos2 Q n – 4
(C*) P4 = 1 – 2 sin2 cos2 (D*) Q 4 = cos2 – sin2
9. If tan2 + 2tan. tan2 = tan2 + 2tan. tan2, then

;fn tan2 + 2tan. tan2 = tan2 + 2tan. tan2gks rks
(A) tan2 + 2tan. tan2 = 0 (B*) tan  + tan =0
(C*) tan2 + 2tan. tan2= 1 (D*) tan  = tan 
10. In a triangle tan A + tan B + tan C = 6 and tan A tan B = 2, then the values of tan A, tan B and tan C are
(A*) 1, 2, 3 (B*) 2, 1, 3 (C) 1, 2, 0 (D) none
,d f=kHkqt esa tan A + tan B + tan C = 6 vkSj tan A tan B = 2 gks] rks tan A, tan B vkSj tan C ds eku gSa &
(A) 1, 2, 3 (B) 2, 1, 3 (C) 1, 2, 0 (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
Trigonometry
11. If the sides of a right angled triangle are {cos2cos2 + 2cos( + )} and
{sin2sin2 + 2sin( + )}, then the length of the hypotenuse is:
;fn ,d ledks. k f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk,sa {cos2cos2 + 2cos( + )} vkSj {sin2sin2 + 2sin( + )} gks] rks
f=kHkqt ds d.kZ dh yEckbZ gS&
  
(A*) 2[1+cos()] (B) 2[1  cos()] (C*) 4 cos2 (D) 4sin2
2 2
12. For 0 <  < /2, tan  + tan 2 + tan 3 = 0 if

0 <  < /2 ds fy, tan  + tan 2 + tan 3 = 0 gks xk ;fn –
(A) tan  = 0 (B) tan 2 = 0 (C*) tan 3 = 0 (D*) tan  tan 2 = 2
13. (a + 2) sin  + (2a – 1) cos  = (2a + 1) if tan  =

(a + 2) sin  + (2a – 1) cos  = (2a + 1) gks xk ;fn tan  dk eku gS &
3 4 2a 2a
(A) (B*) (C) 2 (D*) 2
4 3 a 1 a 1
2b
14. If tan x = , (a  c)
ac
y = a cos2x + 2b sin x cos x + c sin2x
z = a sin2x – 2b sin x cos x + c cos2x, then
2b
;fn tan x = , (a  c) ,oa
ac
y = a cos2x + 2b sin x cos x + c sin2x
z = a sin2x – 2b sin x cos x + c cos2x gks ] rks –
(A) y = z (B*) y + z = a + c (C*) y – z = a – c (D) y – z = (a – c) 2 + 4b2
n n
 cos A  cos B   sin A  sin B 
15. The value of   +   is
 sin A  sin B   cos A  cos B 
A B A B
(A) 2 tann (B*) 2 cot n : n is even
2 2
(C*) 0 : n is odd (D) 0 : n is even
n n
 cos A  cos B   sin A  sin B 
  +   dk eku gS&
 sin A  sin B   cos A  cos B 
A B A B
(A) 2 tann (B) 2 cot n : n le gS
2 2
(C) 0 : n fo"ke gS (D) ) 0 : n le gS
16. The equation sin6x + cos6x = a2 has real solution if

lehdj.k sin6x + cos6x = a2 ds okLrfod gy gksaxs ;fn &
 1  1 1 1 
(A) a  (–1, 1) (B*) a    1,   (C) a     (D*) a   , 1
 2  2 2 2 
17. If sin(x y) = cos(x + y) = 1/2 then the values of x & y lying between 0 and  are given by:
;fn sin(x y) = cos(x + y) = 1/2 gks] rks vUrjky (0 ,) esa x vkSj y dk eku gS –
(A) x = /4, y = 3/4 (B*) x =/4, y = /12
(C) x = 5/4, y = 5/12 (D*) x = 11/12, y = 3/4
Trigonometry
18. If 2 sec2  – sec4  – 2 cosec2  + cosec4  = 15/4, then tan  is equal to
;fn 2 sec2  – sec4  – 2 cosec2  + cosec4  = 15/4 gks] rks tan  dk eku gS &
(A*) 1/ 2 (B) 1/2 (C) 1/2 2 (D*) –1/ 2
19. If 3 sin  = sin (2 + ), then tan (+ ) – 2 tan  is

(A*) independent of  (B*) independent of 
(C) dependent of both  and  (D) independent of  but dependent of 
;fn 3 sin  = sin (2 + ) gks] rks tan (+ ) – 2 tan  gS &
(A*) ls Lora =k (B*) ls Lora =k
(C)  vkSj  nks u ks a ij fuHkZ j (D)  ls Lora =k ysfdu  ij fuHkZ j
20. If  +  +  = 2, then

;fn  +  +  = 2gks] rks
     
(A*) tan + tan + tan = tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2
     
(B) tan tan + tan tan + tan tan =1
2 2 2 2 2 2
     
(C) tan + tan + tan = – tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2
     
(D*) tan tan + tan tan + tan tan =1
4 4 4 4 4 4
21. If x + y = z, then cos2 x + cos2 y + cos2 z – 2 cos x cos y cos z is equal to

;fn x + y = z gks] rks cos2 x + cos2 y + cos2 z – 2 cos x cos y cos z dk eku gS&
(A) cos2 z (B) sin2 z (C*) cos (x + y – z) (D*) 1
22. If tanA + tan B + tan C = tan A. tan B. tan C, then

(A*) A, B, C may be angles of a triangle (B*) A + B + C is an integral multiple of 
(C) sum of any two of A, B, C is equal to third (D) none of these
;fn tanA + tan B + tan C = tan A. tan B. tan C gks] rks &
(A) A, B, C ,d f=kHkq t ds dks . k gks ldrs gS
(B) A + B + C, dk ,d iw . kk± d xq . kt gS
(C) A, B, C es a ls fdUgh nks dk ;ks x rhljs ds cjkcj gS
(D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
1  2x  5 x 2   
23. Which of the following values of ' t ' may satisfy the condition 2 sin t = 2
, t   ,  .
3 x  2x  1  2 2
[IIT-JEE - 2005, Main, (2-M), 60]
1  2x  5 x 2   
t ds ekuks a dk ifjlj Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, 2 sin t = 2
, t   ,  .
3 x  2x  1  2 2
[IIT-JEE - 2005, Main, (2-M), 60]
      3      3 
(A*)  ,   (B) 0, 2  (C*)  ,  (D)  10 , 10 
 2 10     10 2   
24. sinx, sin2x, sin3x are in A.P if

sinx, sin2x, sin3x lekUrj Js <+ h es a gks xs a ] ;fn
(A*) x = n/2, n  (B*) x = n, n  (C*) x = 2n, n  (D*) x = (2n +1), n 
Trigonometry
25. sin x + sin2x + sin 3x = 0 if
sin x + sin2x + sin 3x = 0 gks xk ;fn &
(A) sin x = 1/2 (B*) sin 2x = 0 (C) sin 3x = 3 /2 (D*) cos x =  1/2
26. cos4x cos8x  cos5x cos9x = 0 if

cos4x cos8x  cos5x cos9x = 0 gks xk ;fn &
(A*) cos12x = cos 14 x (B*) sin13 x = 0
(C*) sinx = 0 (D) cosx = 0
27. sinx  cos2x 1 assumes the least value for the set of values of x given by:
sinx  cos2x 1 ds U;w u re eku ds fy, 'x' ds eku gS –
(A*) x = n + (1)n+1 (/6) , n  (B) x = n + (1)n (/6) , n 
n
(C) x = n + (1) (/3), n  (D*) x = n (1)n (/6) , n 
28. The general solution of the equation cosx . cos6x = – 1, is :

(A*) x = (2n + 1), n  (B) x = 2n, n 
(C*) x = (2n – 1), n  (D) none of these
lehdj.k cosx . cos6x = – 1 dk O;kid gy gS &
(A) x = (2n + 1), n  (B) x = 2n, n 
(C) x = (2n – 1), n  (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
29. Which of the following set of values of x satisfy the inequation sin 3x < sin x.
vlfedk sin 3x < sin x dks larq"B djus okys x ds ekuksa dk leqPp; gS&
 8n  1   8n  1 (8n  1) 
(A*)  , 2n  , n  (B)  ,  , n 
 4   4 4 
 8n  1 (8n  3)   8n  5  

(C*)  4
,
4
 , n  (D*)  2n  1 ,  , n 
   4 
x x
30. The equation 2sin . cos2x + sin2x = 2 sin . sin2x + cos2x has a root for which
2 2
x x
lehdj.k 2sin . cos2x + sin2x = 2 sin . sin2x + cos2x dk ,d ewy fo|eku gksxk ;fn&
2 2
1 1
(A*) sin2x = 1 (B*) sin2x = – 1 (C*) cosx = (D*) cos2x = –
2 2
31. cos 15 x = sin 5x if
cos 15 x = sin 5x gks xk ;fn&
 n  n
(A*) x =  + ,n  (B*) x = + , n 
20 5 40 10
3 n 3 n
(C*) x = + , n  (D*) x =  + , n 
20 5 40 10
32. 5 sin2 x + 3 sinx cosx + 6 cos2x = 5 if

5 sin2 x + 3 sinx cosx + 6 cos2x = 5 gks xk ;fn &
(A*) tan x =  1/ 3 (B) sin x = 0

(C*) x = n + /2, n  (D) x = n + /6, n 
Trigonometry
33. sin2x + 2 sin x cos x  3cos2x = 0 if
sin2x + 2 sin x cos x  3cos2x = 0 gks xk ;fn&
(A) tan x =  (B) tanx =  1
(C*) x = n + /4, n  (D*) x = n + tan1 (3), n 
34. Solution set of inequality sin 3 x cos x > cos3 x sin x , where x  (0, ), is
vlfedk sin3 x cos x > cos3 x sin x , tgk¡ x  (0, ), dk gy leqPp; gS&
    3      3 
(A*)  ,  (B*)  ,   (C)  0 ,  (D)  , 
4 2  4   4  2 4 
35. 4 sin4x + cos4x = 1 if
1  1
(A*) x = n ; (n  I) (B*) x = n ± cos–1   ; (n  I)
2 5
n
(C) x = ; (n  I) (D*) x = – n ; (n  I)
2
4 sin4x + cos4x = 1 gks xk ;fn&
1  1
(A*) x = n ; (n  I) (B*) x = n ± cos–1   ; (n  I)
2 5
n
(C) x = ; (n  I) (D*) x = – n ; (n  I)
2
36. sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x if

sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x gks xk ;fn&
1
(A*) cos x = – (B*) sin 2x = cos 2x
2
n  2
(C*) x = + (D*) x = 2n ± , (n )
2 8 3
PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Hkkx - IV : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)
Comprehenssion # 1
vuqPNsn # 1
Let p be the product of the sines of the angles of a triangle ABC and q is the product of the cosines
of the angles.
1. In this triangle tan A + tan B + tan C is equal to

p
(A) p + q (B) p – q (C*) (D) none of these
q
2. tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A is equal to

1 q 1 p
(A) 1 + q (B*) (C) 1 + p (D)
q p
Trigonometry
3. The value of tan3 A + tan3 B + tan3 C is
p 3  3pq 2 q3 p3 p 3  3pq
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
q3 p3 q3 q3
vuq P Ns n # 1
ekukfd ,d f=kHkqt ABC ds dks. kksa dh T;kvksa (sines) dk xq. kuQy p gS vkSj dks. kksa dh dksT ;kvksa (cosines) dk
xq. kuQy q gSA
1. bl f=kHkqt esa tan A + tan B + tan C dk eku gS&

p
(A) p + q (B) p – q (C*) (D) bues s a ls dks bZ ugha
q
2. tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A dk eku gS &
1 q 1 p
(A) 1 + q (B*) (C) 1 + p (D)
q p
3. tan3 A + tan3 B + tan3 C dk eku gS &
p 3  3pq 2 q3 p3 p 3  3pq
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
q3 p3 q3 q3
Comprehension # 2
Let a, b, c, d  R. Then the cubic equation of the type ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 has either one root real
or all three roots are real. But in case of trigonometric equations of the type a sin 3 x + b sin2 x + c sinx
+ d = 0 can possess several solutions depending upon the domain of x.
To solv e an equation of the type a cos + b sin = c. The equation can be written as
cos ( – ) = c/ (a 2  b 2 ) .
The solution is  = 2n +  ± , where tan  = b/a, cos  = c/ (a 2  b 2 ) .

4. On the domain [–, ] the equation 4sin3 x + 2 sin2 x – 2sinx – 1 = 0 possess
(A) only one real root (B) three real roots
(C) four real roots (D*) six real roots
10 tan x
5. In the interval [–/4, /2], the equation, cos 4x + = 3 has
1  tan 2 x
(A) no solution (B) one solution (C*) two solutions (D) three solutions
1
6. |tan x| = tan x + (0  x  2) has
cos x
(A) no solution (B*) one solution (C) two solutions (D) three solutions
vuqPNsn #2
ekukfd a, b, c, d  R gS] rks ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 :i dh f=k?kkr lehdj.k dk ;k rks ,d ewy] okLrfod gksxk
;k lHkh rhuksa ewy okLrfod gksaxsA ysfdu x ds izkUr ds vuql kj] a sin3 x + b sin2 x + c sinx + d = 0 :i dh
f=kdks. kferh; lehdj.k ds vusd gy gks ldrs gSA
Trigonometry
a cos + b sin = c :i dh lehdj.k dks gy djus ds fy, lehdj.k dks cos ( – ) = c/ (a 2  b 2 ) :i es a

fy[kk tk ldrk gSA
bldk gy  = 2n +  ±  gksrk gS] tgk¡ tan  = b/a, cos  = c/ (a 2  b 2 )
4. izkUr [–, ] esa] lehdj.k 4sin3 x + 2 sin2 x – 2sinx – 1 = 0

(A) dk ds o y ,d okLrfod ew y gks xk (B) ds rhu okLrfod ew y gks a xs A
(C) ds pkj okLrfod ew y gks a xs (D*) ds N% okLrfod ew y gks a xs
10 tan x
5. vUrjky [–/4, /2] esa lehdj.k cos 4x + =3
1  tan 2 x
(A) dk dks bZ gy ugha gks xkA (B) dk ,d gy gks xkA
(C*) ds nks gy gks a xs A (D) ds rhu gy gks a xs A
1
6. |tan x| = tan x + ; (0  x  2)
cos x
(A) dk dks bZ gy ugha gks xkA (B*) dk ,d gy gks xkA
(C) ds nks gy gks a xs A (D) ds rhu gy gks a xs A
Comprehension # 3
To solve a trigonometric inequation of the type sin x  a where |a|  1, we take a hill of length 2 in the
sine curve and write the solution within that hill. For the general solution, we add 2n. For instance, to
1   3   7
solve sinx  – , we take the hill  – ,  over which solution is – x . The general solution
2  2 2 6 6
 7
is 2n– < x < 2n + , n is any integer. Again to solve an inequation of the type sin x  a, where
6 6
|a|  1, we take a hollow of length 2 in the sine curve. (since on a hill, sinx  a is satisfied over two
intervals). Similarly cos x  a or cosx  a, |a| 1 are solved.
7
7. Solution to the inequation sin 6x + cos6x < must be
16
   
(A) n + < x < n + (B) 2n + < x < 2n +
3 2 3 2
n  n 
(C*)  x  (D) none of these
2 6 2 3
8. Solution to inequality cos 2x + 5 cos x + 3  0 over [– , ] is

 – 5 5   – 2 2 
(A) [– , ] (B)  , (C) [0, ] (D*)  ,
 6 6   3 3 
 
9. Over [– , ], the solution of 2 sin2  x   + 3 cos 2x  0 is
 4
 – 5 5 
(A) [– , ] (B)  ,
 6 6 
 – 7    5   3 
(C) [0, ] (D*)  – ,    – ,    , 
 12   4 12  4 
Trigonometry
vuq P Ns n # 3
sin x  a tcfd |a|  1 ds iz k:i dh f=kdks . kfeÙkh; vlfedk dks gy djus ds fy, ge T;k oØ es a 2 yEckbZ dk
,d mHkkj (Hill) okyk izk:i ysrs gS rFkk bl mHkkj ds fy, gy fy[krs gSA O;kid gy ds fy, ge blesa 2ntksM +
nsrs gSA
1   3 
mnkgj.kkFkZ] sinx  – izk:i dks gy djus ds fy, ge  – 2 , 2  dh yEckbZ esa mHkkj (Hill) okyk çk:i ysrs gS
2  
 7  7
ftldk gy – 6  x  6 gSA O;kid gy 2n– 6 < x < 2n + 6 gS] tgk¡ n dksbZ iw. kk±d gSA iqu% sin x  a
tgk¡ |a|  1 ] izk:i dh vlfedk dks gy djus ds fy, ge T;k oØ esa 2 yEckbZ dk xgjkbZ okyk (hollow) Hkkx ysrs
gSA (pw¡fd mHkkj okys izk:i ij sinx  a nks vUrjkyks ij lUrq"V gksrk gSA) blh rjg cos x  a ;k cosx  a, |a|
1 dks gy djrs gS A
7
7. vlfedk sin6x + cos6x < ds gy gksus pkfg,&
16
   
(A) n + < x < n + (B) 2n + < x < 2n +
3 2 3 2
n  n 
(C*)  x  (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha A
2 6 2 3
8. [– , ] es a ] vlfedk cos 2x + 5 cos x + 3  0 ds gy gS &
 – 5 5   – 2 2 
(A) [– , ] (B)  , (C) [0, ] (D*)  ,
 6 6   3 3 
 
9. [– , ] es a ] vlfedk 2 sin2  x   + 3 cos 2x  0 ds gy gS &
 4
 – 5 5 
(A) [– , ] (B)  ,
 6 6 
 – 7    5   3 
(C) [0, ] (D*)  – ,    – ,    , 
 12   4 12  4 
Trigonometry

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz ' u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz ' u gS -
 
1. Let   0,  and t 1 = (tan )tan  , t 2 = (tan )cot  , t 3 = (cot )tan  and t 4 = (cot )cot  , then
 4
[IIT-JEE - 2006 , Main - (3, –1), 184]
 
;fn   0, 4  vkSj t1 = (tan )tan , t2 = (tan )cot , t3 = (cot )tan  vkSj t4 = (cot )cot  gks] rks
 
[IIT-JEE - 2006 , Main - (3, –1), 184]
(A) t 1 > t 2 > t 3 > t 4 (B*) t 2 < t 1 < t 3 < t 4 (C) t 3 > t 1 > t 2 > t 4 (D) t 2 > t 3 > t 1 > t 4
IIT-JEE - 2006
2. If 0 <  < 2, then the intervals of values of  for which 2 sin2 – 5 sin + 2 > 0, is
[IIT-JEE-2006, Stage-1, (3,–1)/84]
2
;fn 0 <  < 2 gks rks  ds ekuksa dk vUrjky] ftlds fy, 2 sin  – 5 sin + 2 > 0 gks] gS &
[IIT-JEE-2006, Stage-1, (3,–1)/84]
   5    5 
(A*)  0,    , 2  (B)  , 
 6  6  8 6 
    5   41 
(C)  0,    ,  (D)  , 
 6 6 6   48 
IIT-JEE - 2007
3. The number of solutions of the pair of equations 2 sin2 – cos 2 = 0, 2 cos2 – 3 sin  = 0 in the interval
[0, 2] is [IIT-JEE-2007, Paper-1, (3,–1)/81]
(A) zero (B) one (C*) two (D) four
vUrjky  [0, 2] esa lehdj.k fudk; 2 sin2 – cos 2 = 0, 2 cos2 – 3 sin  = 0 ds gyksa dh la[;k gksxh&
[IIT-JEE-2007, Paper-1, (3,–1)/81]
(A) 'wkU; (B) ,d (C) nks (D) pkj
sin 4 x cos 4 x 1
4.* If + = , then [IIT-JEE - 2009 ,Paper-1, (4, –1), 80]
2 3 5
sin 4 x cos 4 x 1
;fn + = gks] rks & [IIT-JEE - 2009 ,Paper-1, (4, –1), 80]
2 3 5
2 sin8 x cos8 x 1
(A*) tan2x = (B*) + =
3 8 27 125
1 sin8 x cos8 x 2
(C) tan2 x = (D) + =
3 8 27 125
Trigonometry
6
  (m  1)    m 
5*. For 0 <  < , the solution(s) of
2  cos ec   
m 1
4
 cos ec   
 
 = 4 2 is(are)
4 
[IIT-JEE - 2009, Paper-2, (4, –1), 80]
6
  (m  1)    m 
0<<
2
ds fy,  cos ec   
m 1
4
 cos ec   
 
 = 4 2
4 
dk ¼ds½ gy fuEu gS ¼gSa½
   5
(A) (B) (C*) (D*)
4 6 12 12
IIT-JEE-2010
1
6. The maximum value of the expression is
sin   3 sin  cos   5 cos 2 
2
1
O;atd dk vf/kdre eku gSA [IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1, (3, 0)/84]
sin   3 sin  cos   5 cos 2 
2
Ans. 2
7. The positive integer value of n > 3 satisfying the equation

1 1 1
  is
  2   3 
sin   sin   sin  
n  n   n 
1 1 1
lehdj.k   dks larq"V djus okys /kukRed iw.kk±d n > 3 dk eku fuEu gSA
  2   3 
sin   sin   sin  
n
   n  n 
Ans. (n = 7) [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]
IIT-JEE-2010
   n
8. The number of values of  in the interval  – 2 , 2  such that   for n = 0, ±1, ± 2 and
  5
tan = cot 5 as well as sin 2 = cos 4is [IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1, (3, 0)/84]
   n
vUrjky  – 2 , 2  es a fLFkr  ds mu ekuksa dh la [ ;k ftuds fy,    , n = 0, ±1, ± 2 rFkk
  5
tan = cot 5 ,oa sin 2 = cos 4 gSA

Ans. 3
9. Let P = { : sin  – cos  = 2 cos } and Q = { : sin  + cos  = 2 sin } be two sets. Then
;fn P = { : sin  – cos  = 2 cos } vkSj Q = { : sin  + cos  = 2 sin } nks leqPp; gS] rks
(A) P  Q and vkSj Q – P   (B) Q  P
(C) P  Q (D*) P = Q [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (3, –1), 80]
  
10.* Let ,  [0, 2] be such that 2cos(1 – sin) = sin2  tan  cot  cos – 1, tan(2– ) > 0 and
 2 2
Trigonometry
3
–1 < sin < – . Then  cannot satisfy [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (4, 0), 70]
2
  
ekukfd , [0, 2] bl izdkj gS fd 2cos(1 – sin) = sin2  tan 2  cot 2  cos – 1, tan(2– ) > 0 vkSj
 
3
–1 < sin < – . rc fuEu esa ls fdldks larq"V ugha dj ldrk ?
2
  4 4 3 3
(A*) 0 <  < (B) < < (C*) < < (D*) <  < 2
2 2 3 3 2 2
11. For x (0, ), the equation sinx + 2 sin 2x – sin 3x = 3 has
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) infinitely many solutions (B) three solutions
(C) one solution (D*) no solution
x (0, ) ds fy;s lehdj.k sinx + 2 sin 2x – sin 3x = 3 ds
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) vuUr (infinitely many) gy gS A (B) rhu (three) gS A
(C) ,d (one) gy gS A (D*) dks bZ gy ugha gS (no solution)
12. The number of distinct solutions of the equation

5
cos2 2x + cos4 x + sin4 x + cos6 x + sin6x = 2 in the interval [0, 2] is
4
5
varjky [0, 2] esa lehdj.k cos2 2x + cos4 x + sin4 x + cos6 x + sin6x = 2 ds fofHké gyks a (distinct
4
solutions) dh la [ ;k gS A [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-1 (4, 0) /88]
Ans. 8
PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
1
1. If 0 < x < and cos x + sin x = , then tan x is [AIEEE-2006 (3, – 1), 120]
2
1
;fn 0 < x < rFkk cos x + sin x = gks] rks tan x dk eku gS& [AIEEE-2006 (3, – 1), 120]
2
4– 7 4 7 
  1 7 1– 7
(1) (2*) –  3  (3) (4)
3   4 4
2. The number of values of x in the interval [0, 3] satisfying the equation 2 sin2 x + 5 sin x – 3 = 0 is
[AIEEE 2006 (3, – 1), 120]
2
vUrjky [0, 3] esa lehdj.k 2 sin x + 5 sin x – 3 = 0 ds gyksa dh la[;k gS&
(1) 6 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4*) 4
3. A tower stands at the centre of a circular park. A and B are two points on the boundary of the park such that
AB = (a) subtends an angle of 60º at the foot of the tower and the angle of elevation of the top of the tower
from A or B is 30º. The height of the tower is- [AIEEE 2007 (3, –1), 120]
Trigonometry
,d o`Ùkkdkj ikdZ ds dsUnz ij ,d ehukj [kM+h gqbZ gSA ikdZ dh lhek ij nks fcUnq A vkSj B bl izdkj gS fd AB = (a) ehukj
ds ikn ij 60º dk dks.k curk gS rFkk ehukj ds 'kh"kZ dk A ;k B ls mUu;u dks.k 30º gSA rc ehukj dh Å¡pkbZ gS-
[AIEEE 2007 (3, –1), 120]
2a a
(1) (2) 2a 3 (3*) (4) 3
3 3
4. AB is a vertical pole with B at the ground level and A at the top. A man finds that the angle of elevation of the
point A from a certain point C on the ground is 60º. He moves away from the pole along the line BC to a point
D such that CD = 7 m. From D the angle of elevation of the point A is 45º. Then the height of the pole is-
AB ,d m/okZ/kj LrEHk gS tgk¡ fcUnq B /kjkry ij gS rFkk fcUnq A 'kh"kZ gSA dksbZ O;fä ;g ikrk gS fd fcUnq A dk /kjkry
ij fLFkr fu;r fcUnq C ls mé;u dks.k 60º gSA ;fn og O;fä js[kk BC dh fn'kk esa fLFkr fcUnq D dh rjQ xfr djrk
gS rFkk CD = 7 eh0A fcUnq D ls fcUnq A dk mé;u dks.k 45º gS] rks LrEHk dh Å¡pkbZ gksxh&
[AIEEE 2008 (3, –1), 105]
7 3 1  7 3  1  7 3 7 3
(1)  m (2)   m (3*) ( 3 + 1) m (4) ( 3 – 1) m
2  3  1  2  
 3 – 1 2 2
5. Let A and B denote the statements [AIEEE 2009 (4, –1), 144]
A : cos  + cos  + cos  = 0
B : sin  + sin  + sin  = 0
3
If cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) = – , then :
2
(1) A is false and B is true (2*) both A and B are true
(3) both A and B are false (4) A is true and B is false
ekuk A rFkk B fn, x, izdFku gSa [AIEEE 2009 (4, –1), 144]
A : cos  + cos  + cos  = 0
B : sin  + sin  + sin  = 0
3
;fn cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) = – 2
gks] rks&
(1) A vlR; gS vkSj B lR; gSa (2) A rFkk B nksuksa lR; gS
(3) A rFkk B nksuksa vlR; gSa (4) A lR; gS vkSj B vlR; gS
4 5 
6. Let cos( + ) = and let sin( – ) = , where 0  ,   . Then tan 2 =[AIEEE 2010 (4, –1), 144]
5 13 4
4 5 
ekuk cos( + ) = vkSj ekuk sin( – ) = , tgk¡ 0  ,   rks tan 2 =[AIEEE 2010 (4, –1), 144]
5 13 4
56 19 20 25
(1*) (2) (3) (4)
33 12 7 16
7. If A = sin2 x + cos4 x, then for all real x : [AIEEE 2011 (4, –1), 120]
;fn A = sin2 x + cos4 x, rks x ds lHkh okLrfod ekuksa ds fy, :
3 13 3 13
(1*)  A 1 (2)  A 1 (3) 1  A  2 (4) A
4 16 4 16
Trigonometry
8. In a PQR, if 3 sin P + 4 cos Q = 6 and 4 sin Q + 3 cos P = 1, then the angle R is equal to :
PQR esa ;fn 3 sin P + 4 cos Q = 6 rFkk 4 sin Q + 3 cos P = 1 gS, rks dks.k R cjkcj gS&
[AIEEE-2012, (4, –1)/120]
5   3
(1) (2*) (3) (4)
6 6 4 4
tan A cot A
9. The expression  can be written as : [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –¼),360]
1  cot A 1  tan A
tan A cot A
O;atd  dks fy[kk tk ldrk gS : [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –¼),360]
1  cot A 1  tan A
(1) sinA cosA + 1 (2*) secA cosecA + 1
(3) tanA + cotA (4) secA + cosecA
1
10. Let f k (x) = (sinkx + coskx) where x R and k  1. Then f4(x) – f 6(x) equals
k
1
ekuk fk (x) = (sinkx + coskx) gS] tgk¡ x R rFkk k  1 gS] rks f4(x) – f6(x) cjkcj gS :
k
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – ¼), 120]
1 1 1 1
(1) (2*) (3) (4)
4 12 6 3
11. If the angles of elevation of the top of a tower from three collinear points A, B and C, on a line leading to the
foot of the tower, are 30º, 45º and 60º respectively, then the ratio, AB : BC , is
[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – ¼), 120]
(1) 3 :1 (2) 3: 2 (3) 1 : 3 (4) 2 : 3
rhu lajs[k fcUnqvksa A, B vkSj C, ,d ,slh js[kk ij fLFkr gS tks ,d ehukj ds ikn dh fn'kk esa ys tkrh gS] ls ,d ehukj
ds f'k[kj ds mUu;u dks.k Øe'k% 30º, 45º rFkk 60º gS] rks AB : BC dk vuqikr gS&
[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – ¼), 120]
(1*) 3 :1 (2) 3: 2 (3) 1 : 3 (4) 2 : 3
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
fo"k;kRed iz 'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
1. Prove that :
cot 2  (sec   1) 1  sin 

(i) sec4 A (1 – sin4 A) – 2 tan2 A = 1 (ii) = sec2  .
1  sin  1  sec 
fl) dhft, fd &
cot 2  (sec   1) 1  sin 

(i) sec4 A (1 – sin4 A) – 2 tan2 A = 1 (ii) = sec2  .
1  sin  1  sec 
2. Simplify the expression
sin 4 x  4 cos 2 x – cos 4 x  4 sin 2 x
Trigonometry
O;atd sin 4 x  4 cos 2 x – cos 4 x  4 sin 2 x dks ljy dhft,A

Ans. cos2 x – sin2x = cos 2x
3. Let a, b, c, d be numbers in the interval [0, ] such that

sin a + 7 sin b = 4(sin c + 2sin d),
cos a + 7 cos b = 4(cos c + 2cos d)
Prove that 2 cos (a – d ) = 7 cos (b – c ).
ekuk fd vUrjky [0, ] eas la[;k,sa a, b, c, d bl izdkj gS
sin a + 7 sin b = 4(sin c + 2sin d),
cos a + 7 cos b = 4(cos c + 2cos d)
rks fl) dhft, fd 2 cos (a – d ) = 7 cos (b – c )
4. Prove that (4cos2 9º – 3) (4cos2 27º – 3) = tan 9º

fl) dhft, fd (4cos2 9º – 3) (4cos2 27º – 3) = tan 9º
4 5 
5. If cos (+  ) = ; sin (  ) = 13 &   lie between 0 & , then find the value of tan 2 .
5 4
56
Ans.
33
4 5 
;fn cos (+  ) = 5 ; sin (  ) = 13 vkSj ,  vUrjky 0 rFkk ds e/; gks] rks tan 2  dk eku Kkr
4
dhft,A
2ac
6. If  &  are two distinct roots of the equation a tan + b sec = c, then prove that tan (+ ) = .
a2  c 2
;fn lehdj.k a tan + b sec = c ds nks fHkUu&fHkUu ewy  vkSj  gks] rks fl) dhft, fd
2ac
tan (+ ) = .
a2  c 2
p
7. If tan  = where  = 6   being an acute angle, prove that;
q
1
(p cosec 2  q sec 2  ) = p 2  q2 .
2
p
;fn tan  = q tgk¡  = 6   ,d U;wu dks. k gS rks fl) dhft, fd
1
(p cosec 2  q sec 2  ) = p 2  q2
2
8. If sin () = a & sin ( ) = b (0 < ,  , <  /2) then find the value of
cos2 ( )  4 ab cos( )
;fn sin () = a vkSj sin ( ) = b (0 < ,  , < /2) gks] rks cos2 ( )  4 ab cos( ) dk
eku Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 1  2a2  2b2
Trigonometry
9. Show that:
1 1
(i) cot 7
2
or tan 82
2
=  3  2  2 1 or 2 3 4 6
1
(ii) tan 142 = 2 + 2 3 6 .
2
iznf'kZr dhft, fd &
1 1
(i) cot 7
2
;k tan 82 =
2
 3  2  2 1 ;k 2  3  4  6
1
(ii) tan 142 = 2 + 2 3 6
2
tan   tan  sin 2  sin 2

10. If tan  = 1  tan . tan  , prove that sin 2 = 1  sin 2. sin 2 .
tan   tan  sin 2  sin 2

;fn tan  = 1  tan . tan  gks] rks fl) dhft, fd sin 2 = 1  sin 2. sin 2
a 2  ac  b 2
11. If  &  satisfy the equation a cos 2 + b sin 2 = c then prove that: cos²  + cos²  = .
a2  b2
;fn  ,oa  lehdj.k a cos 2 + b sin 2 = c dks larq"V djrs gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd
a 2  ac  b 2
cos² + cos²  = .
a2  b2
12. Show that: 4 sin 27° = (5  5 )1/ 2  (3  5 )1 / 2
iznf'kZr dhft, fd : 4 sin 27° = (5  5 )1/ 2  (3  5 )1 / 2
13. If xy + yz + xz = 1, then prove that

x y z 4 xyz
+ 2 + = .
1 x 2 1 y 1 z 2 (1  x )(1  y 2 )(1  z 2 )
2
x y z 4 xyz
;fn xy + yz + xz = 1 gks] rks fl) dhft, fd +
1 y2
+ =
1 x 2
1 z 2 (1  x 2 )(1  y 2 )(1  z 2 )

14. Let a =
7
(a) Show that sin2 3a – sin2 a = sin 2a sin 3a
(b) Show that cosec a = cosec 2a + cosec 4a
(c) Evaluate cos a – cos 2a + cos 3a
(d) Prove that cos a is a root of the equation 8x3 + 4x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
(e) Evaluate tan a tan 2a tan 3a
(f) Evaluate tan2 a + tan2 2a + tan2 3a
(g) Evaluate tan2 a tan2 2a + tan2 2a tan2 3a + tan2 3a tan2 a
(h) Evaluate cot2 a + cot2 2a + cot2 3a
Trigonometry

ekuk fd a = gks] rks &
7
(a) n'kkZb;s fd sin2 3a – sin2 a = sin 2a sin 3a
(b) n'kkZb;s fd cosec a = cosec 2a + cosec 4a
(c) cos a – cos 2a + cos 3a dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(d) fl) dhft, fd lehdj.k 8x3 + 4x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 dk ,d ewy cos a gSA
(e) tan a tan 2a tan 3a dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(f) tan2 a + tan2 2a + tan2 3a dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(g) tan2 a tan2 2a + tan2 2a tan2 3a + tan2 3a tan2 a dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(h) cot2 a + cot2 2a + cot2 3a dk eku Kkr dhft,A
1
Ans. (c) (e) 7 (f) 21 (g) 35 (h) 5
2
A B C    A    B    C
15. In a ABC, prove that sin + sin + sin = 1 + 4 sin   sin   sin  
2 2 2 4   4   4 
A B C    A    B    C
,d f=kHkqt ABC esa fl) dhft, fd sin + sin + sin = 1 + 4 sin  4  sin  4  sin  4 
2 2 2
16. Evaluate
2
cos a cos 2a cos 3a..........cos 999a, where a =
1999
2
ljy dhft, cos a cos 2a cos 3a..........cos 999a, tgk¡ a = 1999
1
Ans. 999
2
2
cos a cos 2a cos 3a..........cos 999a, dk eku Kkr dhft,] tcfd a =
1999
17. Prove that the average of the numbers

2 sin 2º, 4 sin 4º, 6 sin 6º, .........180 sin 180º is cot 1º
fl) dhft, fd la[;kvksa 2 sin 2º, 4 sin 4º, 6 sin 6º, .........180 sin 180º dk vkSlr cot 1º gSA
2
18. Solve tan2 = tan .

2
gy dhft, tan2 = tan .

n n2  2
Ans. ± 1 , n 
4 16
19. Find the general values of x and y satisfying the equations

5 sin x cos y = 1, 4 tan x = tan y
lehdj.k 5 sin x cos y = 1, 4 tan x = tan y dks larq"V djus okys x vkSj y ds O;kid eku Kkr dhft;sA
x x
sin 3  cos 3 cos x
20. Solve 2 2 = .
2  sinx 3
Trigonometry
x x
sin 3  cos 3 cos x
gy dhft, 2 2 = .
2  sinx 3

Ans. x = (4 n + 1) ,n
2
21. Solve the system of equations :

2 3
x+y= , sin x + sin y =
3 2
fuEufyf[kr lehdj.k fudk; dks gy dhft;sA
2 3
x+y= , sin x + sin y =
3 2
   
Ans. x= ,y= or x = , y = .
2 6 6 2
22. Solve the following system of simultaneous equations for x and y:

4sinx + 31/cos y = 11
5.16sinx – 2.31/cos y = 2
fuEufyf[kr lehdj.k fudk; dks x vkSj y ds fy, gy dhft;s&
4sinx + 31/cos y = 11
5.16sinx – 2.31/cos y = 2
 
Ans. x = n + (– 1)n , y = 2n ±
6 3
23. Solve gy dhft,: cos + sin = cos 2 + sin 2.

2 n 
Ans. 2 n , n or  + , n 
3 6
gy dhft, cos  + sin  = cos 2 + sin 2.
 
2 n 
Ans. 2 n  ; n ;k  + ; n
3 6
3 1
24. Solve 8 sin x = +
cos x sinx
3 1
gy dhft, 8 sin x = +
cos x sinx
 n 
Ans. x = n + , n  , x = – , n 
6 2 12
25. Solve the equation sin3x cos 3x + cos3x sin 3x + 0.375 = 0.

n 
Ans. x= + (–1)n+1 . , n 
4 6
lehdj.k sin3x cos 3x + cos3x sin 3x + 0.375 = 0 dks gy dhft,A
n 
Ans. x= + (–1)n+1 . ; n 
4 6
Trigonometry
3
26. Solve the equation sin x – cos x = cos2x.
2

Ans. x = (2n + 1)  : n  , x = 2n ± , n 
3
3
lehdj.k sin x – cos x = cos2x dks gy dhft,
2

Ans. x = (2n + 1)  : n  ; x = 2n ± ; n 
3
3
27. Solve the equation sin4x + cos4x – 2 sin2x + sin22x = 0
4
1
Ans. x = n ±
2

cos–1 2  5 , n 
3
lehdj.k sin4x + cos4x – 2 sin2x + sin22x = 0 dks gy dhft,A
4
1
Ans. x = n ±
2

cos–1 2  5 ; n 
28. Solve for x, the equation 13  18 tanx = 6 tan x  3, where  2  < x < 2  .
lehdj.k 13  18 tanx = 6 tan x  3, tgk¡  2  < x < 2  dks gy dhft,A
2
Ans.   2    , ,  + , where tgk¡ tan  =
3
29. Solve the equation 3 – 2cos  – 4 sin  – cos 2 + sin 2 = 0

lehdj.k 3  2 cos  4 sin  cos 2 + sin 2  = 0 dks gy dhft,A
Ans.  = (4n + 1) /2,  = 2n , n  
30. Solve the equation sin2 4x + cos2x = 2 sin 4x . cos4x

lehdj.k sin2 4 x + cos2 x = 2 sin 4 x cos4 x dks gy dhft,A

Ans. x = (2 n + 1) , nI
2
31. Prove that : cos 5A = 16 cos5 A – 20 cos3 A + 5 cos A

fl} dhft, : cos 5A = 16 cos5 A – 20 cos3 A + 5 cos A
1  1  k 1 
32. If cos  =  a   and cos 3 = 1  a  k  then number of natural numbers 'k' less than 50 is
2  a  2  a 
(given a  R)
1  1  1 
;fn cos  =  a   rFkk cos 3 = 1  ak   gks ] rc 50 ls Nks V h iz k Ñr la [ ;k k ds ekuks a dh la [ ;k gS
2  a 2  ak 
(fn;k x;k gS a  R)
Ans. 25
Trigonometry
  k
33. 
Consider the equation for 0  2 ; sin 2  3 cos2 2
 5 = cos   2  . If greatest value of  is
6  p
(k, p are coprime), then find the value of (k + p).
  k

0  2 ds fy, ekuk fd lehdj.k sin 2  3 cos2 2
 5 = cos   2  ;fn  dk vf/kdre eku
 6  p
(tgk¡
k, p lgvHkkT; la[;k gS), rc (k + p) dk eku Kkr dhft,A

Ans. 31

Trigonometry

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Trigonometry

When writing about transcendental issues, be transcendentally clear....... Descartes, Rene

Systems For Measurement of Angles :

3. Circular System (Radian Measurement)

Note : # If no symbol is mentioned while showing measurement of angle, then it is considered to be

Relation between radian, degree and grade :

The quantity by which the cosine falls short of unity

Sign of The Trigonometric Functions

Trigonometric Ratios of allied angles

 Trigonometric Ratios of – 

(ii) y = cos x Domain : x  R

(iv) y = cot x Domain : x  R – {n}, n 

Trigonometric functions of sum or difference of two angles:

sin A  2 sin 3 A  sin 5 A sin 3 A sin A  sin 5A  sin 9 A  sin 13 A

Multiple and sub-multiple angles :

(ii) tan A + cot A = 2 cosec 2 A

1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B) A B

sin 2A 2 sin A cos A

(10) Prove that tan 3A tan 2A tan A = tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A

Important trigonometric ratios of standard angles :

Sine and Cosine series:

sin2º  sin 4º ....  sin180º sin90º (sin91º ) cos1º cot 1º

Find sum of the following series :

(15) sin2 + sin3 + sin4 + ..... + sin n, where (n + 2) = 2

Solution of Trigonometric Equation :

General Solution of Some Standard Trigonometric Equations :

(iv) If sin²  = sin²    = n  ± , n  .

Some Important deductions :

(i) sin = 0   = n, n 

(vi) cos = – 1  = (2n + 1), n

Self Practice Problems :

Example # 13 : Solve tan2 = 1

4(1 + tan2) = 5 + tan2

Self Practice Problems :

Types of Trigonometric Equations :

Trigonometric equations which can be solved by use of factorization.

Self Practice Problems :

(24) Solve 4cos – 3sec = tan

Example # 17 : Solve cosx + cos3x – 2cos2x = 0

Self Practice Problems :

both sides of the equation by a 2  b2 .

Example # 19 : Solve sinx + 2cosx = 5

Example # 20 : Solve 3cosx + 4sinx = 5

Solution :  3cosx + 4sinx = 5 .........(i)

Self Practice Problems :

(28) Solve 2 2 cosx + sinx = 3

Example # 21 : Solve sin2x + 3sinx = 1 + 3 cosx

(32) Solve (1 – sin2x) (cosx – sinx) = 1 – 2sin 2x.

Now equation will be true if sin2x = 1 and cos4x = 1

Self Practice Problems :

(33) Solve cos50x – sin50x = 1

(34) Solve 12 sin x + 5cosx = 2y 2 – 8y + 21 for x & y

5. Some necessary restrictions :

Heights and distances :

Angle of elevation and depression :

Let OX be a horizontal line and P be a point which is above point O. If an observer

dks.k ds ekiu dh i)fr;k¡ (Systems For Measurement of Angles) :

U;wudks.kksa ds fy, f=kdks.kferh; vuqikr (Trigonometric Ratios for Acute Angles) :