Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion

Lesson Plan 3: Friction

Lesson Plan 3
Learning Area: Science, Subject: Science
Level: Secondary 2
Lesson Plan: Friction, Duration: 4 hours

1. Learning Standards
SC 2.2 Understanding of characteristics of forces in daily
life, effect of forces on objects, and various types of motion
of objects, which could be applied for useful purposes

2. Indicators
SC 2.2 M.2/6 Explain the static and kinetic friction, based on
empirical evidence.
SC 2.2 M.2/7 Design and conduct an experiment by using
an appropriate method to explain
the factors contributing to the magnitude of friction.
SC 2.2 M.2/8 Draw a diagram depicting fiction and other
kinds of forces acting on an object.
SC 2.2 M.2/9 Realize the benefits of the knowledge of
friction by analyzing problematic

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 3: Friction

situations and introducing guidelines for decreasing

or increasing friction to
facilitate our daily-life activities.

3. Learning Objectives
1. Be able to explain static friction and kinetic friction. (K)
2. Be able to explain the factors affecting friction. (K)
3. Be able to draw a diagram depicting friction and other
kinds of forces acting on an object. (P)
4. Be able to conduct experiment correctly and follows the
steps in order, to find the magnitude of normal force and
factors that affect friction. (P)
5. Realize the benefits of the knowledge of friction to
facilitate our daily-life activities. (A)

4. Contents
Compulsory Details Local-related Content
- Friction is a force that Consider from the
opposes the motion of institutional
objects in contact. If the curriculum.
force acts on an object at
rest, it will prevent object

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Lesson Plan 3: Friction

Compulsory Details Local-related Content

from moving. The force
that acts on an object at
rest is called static
friction. The force that
acts on a moving object,
and causes it to slow
down or stop, is called
kinetic friction.
- The magnitude of friction
depends on the type of
surfaces and the mass of
an object which affects
the normal force.
- Friction plays an essential
role in daily-life activities.
Some activities require
friction such as opening
screw cap and using
adhesive tape in the
bathroom. Some activities
do not require friction
such as dragging objects

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Lesson Plan 3: Friction

Compulsory Details Local-related Content

on the floor and using
lubricants in machines.
- Knowledge of friction can
be facilitated in our daily-
life activities.

5. Compulsory Details/ Summary

Friction is a force that opposes the motion of objects in
contact. The surfaces of two objects push back against the
direction of motion and prevent the object from moving. There
are two types of friction; static friction, the force that acts on an
object at rest; and kinetic friction, the force that acts on an
object that is moving. Knowledge of friction can be facilitated in
our daily-life activities such as dragging objects on the floor and
using lubricants in machines.

6. Learners’ Key Competencies

1. Communication Capacity
2. Communication Capacity
1) Measurement skill
2) Observation skill

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Lesson Plan 3: Friction

3) Experimental skill
4) Formulating hypothesis skill
5) Collaboration skill
6) Controlling variables skill
7) Calculation skill
8) Interpreting data and making conclusions skill
3. Capacity for Life Skills

7. Desired Characteristics
1. Self-discipline
2. Avidity for learning
3. Dedication and commitment to work

8. Important Questions
1. What is friction?
2. How many types of friction are there?
3. Provide examples of application of friction in everyday
life?

9. Learning Activity
 5Es Instructional Model

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 3: Friction

st
1 Hour

Introduc

Step 1: Engage
1. The teacher uses following question to find out what
students already know about force in daily life.
 Give examples of the forces that act on the object, and
cause changes.
(Suggested Answer: It depends on the teacher’s discretion.
For instance, the football players move the ball in
different directions as they want.)
2. The teacher starts conversation about friction with
students. Then he/she stimulates students’ interest and
ask them to share their opinions freely by using following
engaging question, “What is activities in everyday life
involving friction?”
(Suggested Answer: Pushing the wheelbarrow, walking,
riding a bicycle.)
3. The teacher shows equipment for demonstration such
as two towels. He/she asks for few volunteers to come in
front of the class, assign them to fold two towels together,
then each of them has to pull each of towel on the

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opposite side while the teacher still grabs the center of

two towels around two inches.
4. The teacher uses engaging questions to stimulate
students’ interest as follows.
 “Why is it very difficult for the students to pull the
towels?”
(Suggested Answer: Friction.)
 Are there any other kinds of daily-life activities to apply a
force on any object with extra effort?
(Suggested Answer: Opening the can cap or bottle cap.)

Teach

Step 2: Explore
1. Pair students with the classmates up to their
preferences. Assign them to study friction, static friction,
and kinetic friction from Mastering Science Work-
Textbook Secondary 2B, Learning Unit 4: Forces and
Motion, or other resources such as internet.
2. Students discuss the result from studying given topics
with their classmates and record the conclusion in their
personal notebooks to submit to the teacher before the
end of the class.

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3. The teacher stimulates students’ interest, and ask them

to share their opinions freely to the following question,
“What is the force acting on the car running down the
slope of a mountain until it stops?”
(Suggested Answer: There is static friction acts on the car
at rest, and kinetic friction acts on the car while it moves
down the slope with the constant speed.)
4. Put students into groups of 5-6 people. Assign them to
conduct experiment: Friction, from Mastering Science Work-
Textbook Secondary 2B, Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion,
to study and describe the factors that affect friction. Assign
the role in a group for each student as mentioned below.
 Member 1-2 prepare the Equipment for experiment:

Friction.
 Member 3-4 read and explain the instructions of the

experiment to the group members.

 Member 5-6 log what they have found in the Record

of Experiment: Friction.

5. Each group of students conduct experiment following

the instructions from Mastering Science Work-Textbook
Secondary 2B, Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion.

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6. Together, students in each group share, analyze, and

discuss the results from the experiment.

nd
2 Hour

Step 3: Explain
7. Each group of students comes in front of the class to
present the result of the experiment. The teacher adds
more suggestions as he/she sees fit.
8. The teacher asks students to discuss and share their
opinions, using engaging questions as follows:
 If we add more sandbags, does it affect friction? How?
(Suggested Answer: Adding more sandbags affects friction
because the greater mass of sandbags, the more friction
between sandbags and the table.)
 Does plastic bag affect friction? How?
(Suggested Answer: The plastic bag reduces friction
between the sandbags and the table because the surface
of the plastic bag is smooth and more slippery than the
surface of sandbag.)
9. Together, students and the teacher discuss the result of
the experiment to draw the conclusion as follows, “The
magnitude of friction depends on the type of surfaces in

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contact and the normal force. Friction is grouped into two

types; static friction, the friction force that acts on object
at rest; kinetic friction, the friction force that acts on object
that is moving.”

rd
3 Hour

Step 2: Explore
10. The teacher reviews the knowledge from the previous
hour using engaging questions as follows.
 What is friction?
(Suggested Answer: Friction is a force that opposes the
motion of objects in contact. The surfaces of two objects
push back against the direction of motion to slow down of
stop motion of the objects.)
 How many types of friction and what are they?
(Suggested Answer: There are two types of friction: static
friction and kinetic friction.)
 What is the factor affecting the magnitude of friction?
(Suggested Answer: The type of surfaces in contact and the
mass or weight of an object.)

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
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11. Put students into groups of 5-6 people (same groups).

Assign them to study the factors affecting friction to
identify the factors that affect the magnitude of friction,
and design the experiment accordingly. The teacher
integrates collaboration technique to set the learning
process by assigning the role in a group for each student
as mentioned below.
 Member 1-2 prepare the equipment for studying the
factors affecting friction.
 Member 3-4 read and explain the instructions of the
experiment to the group members.
 Member 5-6 log what they have found in the notebooks.
12. Together, students in each group share, analyze, and
discuss the results from the experiment.

th
4 Hour

Step 3: Explain
13. Each group of students comes in front of the class to
present the result of the experiment. The teacher adds
more suggestions as he/she sees fit.
14. The teacher asks students to discuss and share their
opinions, using engaging questions as follows:

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
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 How does mass of object affect the magnitude of friction?

(Suggested Answer: The masses of objects affect the
friction because an object with more mass exerts more
force on a surface; therefore, it cause more friction.)
 How does surface of an object affect the magnitude of
friction?
(Suggested Answer: Smooth surface has less friction
than rough surface.)
15. Together, students and the teacher discuss the result of
the experiment to draw the conclusion as follows, “The
mass or weight of an object affects friction because an
object with more mass exerts more force on a surface;
therefore, it cause more friction. If an object is light, less
force will be exerted on a surface and leads to less
friction. Besides, the type of surfaces also affects friction.
An object with smooth surface cause less friction than the
rough surface.”

Step 4: Elaborate
16. The teacher provides an opportunity for students to ask
questions about friction. The teacher adds extra
explanations as he/she sees fit.

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 3: Friction

17. Pair students with the classmates up to their

preferences. Assign them to study the formula to find the
the friction or the normal force from Mastering Science
Work-Textbook Secondary 2B, Learning Unit 4: Forces and
Motion.
18. The teacher calls on two pairs of students randomly to
explain how to calculate the friction in front of the class.
The teacher adds more suggestions or explanation as
he/she sees fit. After that, assign students to work on
Worksheet 4.3.1: Friction
19. The teacher calls on 2-3 students randomly to explain
benefits of increasing and decreasing friction in daily life.
(Suggested Answer: Shoe sole increases friction.
Lubricant oil decreases friction in car engines.)
20. Students do Exercise 1.5 from Mastering Science Work-
Textbook Secondary 2B, Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion.

Conclus

Step 5: Evaluate
1. The teacher evaluates students by observing their
answers to the given questions, their behaviors when they
work individually and in group, and their presentations.

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 3: Friction

2. The teacher evaluates the result of experiment: Friction

and the factors affecting friction.
3. The teacher checks Worksheet 4.3.1: Friction.
4. The teacher checks Exercise 1.5 from Mastering Science
Work-Textbook Secondary 2B, Learning Unit 4: Forces and
Motion.
5. Together, students and the teacher conclude the lesson
plan about friction as follows, “Friction is a force that
opposes the motion of objects in contact. There are two
types of friction: static friction and kinetic friction.”

10. Assessment and Evaluation

Indicators List Method Tool Criteria
10.1 Midcourse
Evaluation
- Check - Worksheet - Pass mark: 60%
1) Friction

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
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Indicators List Method Tool Criteria

Worksheet 4.3.1 - Pass mark: 60%
4.3.1 - Exercise 1.4
- Check
Exercise 1.4
2) Presentation - Evaluate - Presentation - Pass mark:
the Evaluation Quality level 2
presentatio Form
n
3) Learners’ - Observe - Observation - Pass mark:
behavior learners’ Form (for Quality level 2
when they behavior learners’
work in group when they behavior
work in when they
group work in group)
4) Performance - Evaluate - Performance - Pass mark:
the Evaluation Quality level 2
performance Form
5) Desired - Observe - Desired - Pass mark:
Characteristic learners’ Characteristics Quality level 2
s self- Evaluation
discipline, Form
avidity for
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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 3: Friction

Indicators List Method Tool Criteria

learning, and
dedication
and
commitment
to work

11. Instructional Media/ Learning & Resource Center

11.1 Instructional Media
1) Mastering Science Work-Textbook Secondary 2B,
Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
2) Equipment for experiment: Friction
3) Equipment for studying the factors affecting friction
4) Worksheet 4.3.1: Friction
5) Record of Experiment: Friction
6) Equipment for demonstration

11.2 Learning & Resource Center

1) Laboratory
2) Internet

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 3: Friction

Worksheet 4.3.1
Friction

Exercise 1
Instruction: Answer these following questions:
1. Friction is……………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………......
2. What are factors affecting friction:
………………………………………………………………………………………........
3. Which type of surface cause more friction on riding bicycle
between riding on a paved road and riding on a lawn? Why?
……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………..
4. Give examples of increasing and decreasing friction.
1) …………………………………………………………………………………….
2) …………………………………………………………………………………….
3) …………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Give three examples of benefits of friction in daily life.
1) …………………………………………………………………………………….
2) …………………………………………………………………………………….
3) …………………………………………………………………………………….

Exercise: 2

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 3: Friction

Instruction: Answer these following questions:

1. A cement truck weighing in 5,000 N stops at red light on the
road. The coefficient of static friction between the car tires
and the road is 0.2. Calculate the magnitude of friction when
the cement truck is about to move.

2. Rapipat drags a wooden box weighing in 500 N along the

floor. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the wooden
box and the floor is 0.5. Calculate the magnitude of friction.

Worksheet 4.3.1 Answ

Friction
Exercise: 1
Instruction: answer these following questions:
1. Friction is Friction is a force that opposes the motion of
objects in contact

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
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2. What are factors affecting friction: Type of surfaces, mass of

an object.
3. Which type of surface cause more friction on riding bicycle
between riding on a paved road and riding on a lawn? Why?
The lawn causes more friction because it is rough surface, but
the paved road is a smooth surface
4. Give examples of increasing and decreasing friction.
1) Patterns on shoe sole increases friction to prevent slippery

2) Lubricating a squeaky door hinge with grease decreases

friction
5. Give three examples of benefits of friction in daily life.
1) Patterns on car tires making them grip firmly on the road

2) Patterns on shoe sole prevent slippery

3) Friction helps opening the bottle cap

Exercise: 2
Instruction: Answer these following questions:
1. A cement truck weighing in 5,000 N stops at red light on
the road. The coefficient of static friction between the car

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
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tires and the road is 0.2. Calculate the magnitude of friction

when the cement truck is about to move.

Equation: f s = μs N
f s = (0.2)(5,000)
f s = 1,000 N
Therefore, the magnitude of friction when the cement truck
is about to move is 1,000 N.
2. Rapipat drags a wooden box weighing in 500 N along the
floor. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the
wooden box and the floor is 0.5. Calculate the magnitude
of friction.
Equation: f k = μk N
f s = (0.5)(500)
f s = 250 N
Therefore, the magnitude of friction is 250 N.

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
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Record of

Friction
Objectives

........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
Problems
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
Hypothesis
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

Record

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
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Reading (N)
Pulling starts Sandbags begin Sandbags move
Number of
to move at constant
sandbags
speed
Withou With Without With Withou With
t plastic plastic plastic t plastic
plastic bag bag bag plastic bag
bag bag
1 sandbag
2 sandbags
3 sandbags

Discuss
......................................................................................................................................................
ion........
......................................................................................................................................................
........
......................................................................................................................................................
........
......................................................................................................................................................
........
......................................................................................................................................................
........
......................................................................................................................................................
........
......................................................................................................................................................
.........
......................................................................................................................................................
.......
12. Opinion of the Institutional Executive or the
......................................................................................................................................................
........
Assigned Person
......................................................................................................................................................
........
......................................................................................................................................................
........
Comment:
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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
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Name
.................................
(
................................ )
Position

.......

13. Post-lesson Record

 Knowledge

 Learners’ Key Competencies

 Desired Characteristics

 Science Capacity

 Others (Outstanding, or problematic behaviors of each

leaner (If any))

 Problem/ Obstacles
75
 Solutions
Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 3: Friction

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