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Second Order Differential Equations

The document discusses various methods for solving second order differential equations, including: 1. Homogeneous equations, which involve finding the general solution by ignoring non-homogeneous terms. 2. Given particular solutions, which involve showing solutions are linearly independent and combining them with constants. 3. Constant coefficient equations, which have solutions depending on whether the roots are real/complex/repeated. 4. Reduction of order, which uses one known solution to reduce the order of the original equation. 5. Nonhomogeneous methods like undetermined coefficients, which use inspection to form a trial solution, and variation of parameters, which uses known fundamental solutions to find particular solutions.

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Nico Strachan
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173 views8 pages

Second Order Differential Equations

The document discusses various methods for solving second order differential equations, including: 1. Homogeneous equations, which involve finding the general solution by ignoring non-homogeneous terms. 2. Given particular solutions, which involve showing solutions are linearly independent and combining them with constants. 3. Constant coefficient equations, which have solutions depending on whether the roots are real/complex/repeated. 4. Reduction of order, which uses one known solution to reduce the order of the original equation. 5. Nonhomogeneous methods like undetermined coefficients, which use inspection to form a trial solution, and variation of parameters, which uses known fundamental solutions to find particular solutions.

Uploaded by

Nico Strachan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Wednesday, 22 February 2023 6:30 pm

General form:

Particular solutions:

General solution:

General method:
• Homogenous: find general solutions
or
• Non-homogenous:
1. find homogenous solution by ignoring non-homogenous term
2. Find particular solution
3. Combine both for general solution

Second Order Page 1


Homogeneous
Wednesday, 22 February 2023 9:49 pm

Second Order Page 2


Given Particular Solutions
Wednesday, 22 February 2023 9:48 pm

Given and

1. Show and are solutions


2. Show the Wronskian (Linear
Independence)
3. Make general solution: +
4. Use conditions if given to solve for and
.

Second Order Page 3


Constant coefficients
Wednesday, 22 February 2023 9:51 pm

General form

• Case 1: 2 real roots


○ roots:
○ General Sol'n:

• Case 2: 2 complex roots


○ roots:
○ General sol'n:

• Case 3: 1 repeated root


○ Roots:
○ General Sol'n:

Second Order Page 4


2nd Order - Reduction
Tuesday, 7 February 2023 10:44 pm

Given original Equation A

• Find one solution (given or via quadratic formula)

• Consider , ( is a function of )

• find and

• Substitute and into original equation

• Simplify for a formula in , and (no )

• Substitution to reduce order ( is also a function of )

• Solve as 1st order for

• Integrate to find

• Go back to first substitution to find


Homogenous for 2nd order meaning

Second Order Page 5


Nonhomogenous methods
Tuesday, 9 May 2023 9:02 am

Second Order Page 6


Undetermined Coefficients
Wednesday, 22 February 2023 10:59 pm

1. Inspect and form to suit,


2. Differentiate to find
3. Substitute into ODE and compare coefficients to get
rid of arbitrary constants
4. Combine with for total general
5. Use conditions to solve for , if given

Term in Term for


algebra Polynomial of degree

log

Algebra & log (Polynomial of degree

Trig or
cos 5x

Trig & log

Second Order Page 7


Variation of Parameters
Friday, 10 March 2023 12:38 am

1. Get from and find


to show they are fundamental solutions
2. State
3.
4.

Second Order Page 8

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