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CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM : B (x2 , y2)
Rectangular Co-ordinate System : Let X' OX
and Y'OY be two mutually perpendicular lines
through any point O in the plane of the pa- A (x1 , y1)
per. Point O is known as the origin. The line Note :
X'OX is called the x -axis or axis of x ; the 1. Distance is always positive. Therefore, we
line Y'OY is known as the y-axis or axis of y, often write AB instead of |AB|.
and the two lines taken together are called 2. The distance of a point P (x, y) from the ori-
the co-ordinates axes or the axes of co-ordi-
nates. gin  x 2  y 2
3. The distance between two polar co-ordinates
Y A (r1 , θ1 ) and B (r2, θ 2 ) is given by
3 AB  r12  r 2 2  2r1r2cos(θ1 – θ2 )
II 2 I
Quadrant Quadrant Application of Distance Formulae :
1 (i) For given three points A, B, C to decide
(-.,+) (+,+)
whether they are collinear or vertices of a
X’ X particular triangle. After finding AB, BC and
-3 -2 -1 0 CA we shall find that the points are :
-1 • Collinear - (a) If the sum of any two distances
III IV
Quadrant -2 Quadrant is equal to the third
(+,-) i.e. AB + BC = CA. or AB + CA = BC
(-,-) -3
or BC + CA = AB
(b) If are of  ABC is zero
Y’
(c) If slope of AB = slope of BC = slope of CA.
• Vertices of an equilateral triangle if AB = BC
= CA
• Vertices of an isosceles triangle if AB = BC
Signs of or BC = CA or CA = AB.
Quad- Nature of X
Region co-ordin- • Vertices of a right angled triangle if AB2 +
rant and Y
ate
BC2 = CA2 etc.
XOY I x > 0, y > 0 (+, +) (ii) For given four points A,B,C,D :
• AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD  ABCD is a
YOX' II x < 0, y > 0 (- , +) square.
X'OY' III x < 0, y < 0 (-, -) • AB = BC = CD = DA and AC  BD  ABCD is
a rhombus.
Y'OX IV x > 0, y < 0 (+, -) • AB = CD, BC = DA and AC = BD  ABCD is a
recatangle.
Note - Any point lying on x-axis or y-axis does • AB = CD, BC = DA and AC  BD  ABCD is a
not lie in any quadrant. parallelogram.
Any point can be represented on the plane Note :
described by the co-ordinate axes by specify- • The four given points are collinear, if Area of
ing its x and y co-ordinates. qaudrilateral ABCD is zero.
The x -co-ordinate of the point is also known
• Diagonals of square, rhombus, rectangle and
as the abscissa while the y-coordinate is also
parallelogram always bisect each-other.
known as the ordinate.
Distance Formula : The distance two point • Diagonals of rhombus and square bisect each
other at right angle.
A (x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is given by
 Section Formuale :
AB  x 2  x1 2  y 2  y1 2 1.The co-ordinates of a point P(x ,y), dividing
the line segment joining the two points
A(x1,y1) and B (x 2, y2) internally in the ratio
m1 : m2 are given by

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m1x 2  m2 x1 m y  m2 y1  Some Important Points in a Triangle :

x ,y  1 2 • Centroid : If (x1, y1), (x2 , y2) and (x3, y3) are the
m1  m2 m1  m2
vertices of a triangle, then the co-ordinates
of its centroid are -
m2 B (x2 , y2)
AP m1  x1  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y 3 
 m1  , 
BP m 2 P(x, y)  3 3 
A (x1, y1) • Incentre : If A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3)
2. The co-ordinate of the point P(x, y), dividing are the vertices of a  ABC s.t. BC = a, CA = b
the line segment joining the two points A(x1, and AB = c, then the co-ordinates of its
y1) and B (x 2, y2) externally in the ratio m1:m2 incentre are
are given by
m1x 2  m 2 x1 m y  m 2 y1 A (x1 ,y1)
x ,y  1 2
m1  m 2 m1  m 2

P (x, y)
AP m1
 B (x2, y2)
BP m 2 c b
A (x1 , y1)
3. The co-ordinates of the mid-point of the line
segment joining the two points A(x1, y1) and
B (x 2, y2) are given by
 x1  x 2 y1  y 2  B a C
 ,  (x 2 ,y2) (x3 ,y3)
 2 2 
B (x2, y2)
 ax1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy 3 
 , 
P (x, y)  abc abc 
A (x1 , y1) • Circumcentre : If A(x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3
Division by Axes : If P (x1, x2) and Q (x2, y2), , y3) are the vertices of a  ABC , then the co-
then PQ is divided by ordinates of its circumcentre are
 y1  x1 sin2A  x 2 sin 2B  x 3 sin 2C
(i) x - axis in the ratio = y  ,
2  sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C

x1 y1 sin2A  y 2 sin 2B  y 3 sin 2C 

(ii) y - axis in the ratio =  x 
2 sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C 
Division by a Line : A line ax + by + c = 0 • Orthocentre : Co-ordinates of orthocentre are
ax1  by1  c  x1 tanA  x 2 tan B  x 3 tan C
divides PQ in the ratio =   ,
ax 2  by 2  c  tan A  tan B  tan C
 Area of a triangle : The area of a triangle y1 tanA  y 2 tan B  y 3 tan C 
ABC whose vertices are (x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and 
tan A  tan B  tan C 
C(x3 , y3) is denoted by  .
Note :
x1 y1 1 • If the traingle is equilateral, then centroid,
1
 Δ x2 y2 1 incentre, orthocentre, circumcentre coin-
2 x3 y3 1 cides.
• Orthocentre, centroid and circumcentre are
1
 x1 y 2  y 3   x 2 y 3  y1   x 3 y1  y 2  always collinear and centroid divides the line
2 joining orthocentre and circumcentre in the
 Area of Polygon : The area of the polygon ratio 2 : 1.
whose vertices are (x1, y1), (x2, y2),......(xn , yn) • In an isosceles triangle centroid,
is - orthocentre, incentre, circumcentre lies on
1 x1 y 2  x 2 y1   x 2 y 3  x 3 y 2   ....... the same line.
  Incentre divides the angles bisectors in the
2 ................  x n y1  x1 y n   •
ratio (b + c) : a, (c + a) : b, (a + b) : c.

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• Area of the triangle formed by co-ordinate Slope (Gradient) of a Line :
axes and the line a x + b y + c = 0 a
m  tan θ  
c2 b
is
2ab
a c
 Straight Line : A straight line is a curve { ax + by + c = 0  y   x
such that every point on the line segment b b
joining any two points on it lies on it. a
 Different Forms of the Equations of a  y = mx + c, where m   and c is a con-
b
Straight Line :
(a) General Form : The general Form of the stant }
equation of a straight line is ax + by + c = 0 Here m is called the slope or gradient of a
(First degree equation in x and y). Where a, b line and c is the intercept on y-axis. The slope
and c are real constants and a, b are not si- of a line is always measured in
multaneously equal to zero. anticlockwise.
In this equation, slope of the line is given
Y
a
by 
. Y
b
The general form is also given by y = mx + c ; B
where m is the slope and c is the intercept B 
on y-axis.  X X X
(b) Line Parallel to the X-axis : The equation X A O A
of a straight line to the x -axis and at a dis- Y
tance b from it, is given by y = b
Obviously, the equation of the x-axis is y = 0 Y
(c) Line Parallel to Y-axis : The equation of a Slope of a line in terms of co-ordinates any
straight line parallel to the y-axis and at a
two points on it :-
distance a from is given by x = a
obviously, the equation of y-axis is x = 0 If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are co-ordinates of
(d) Slope Intercept Form : The equation of a any two points on a line, then its slope is
striaght line passing through the point A(x1,y1) y 2  y1 Difference of ordinates
and having a slope m is given by m 
(y - y1) = m (x - x1) x 2  x1 Difference of abscissa
(e) Two Points Form : The equation of a Angle between two lines :
straight line passing through two points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is given by  m - m1 
tan θ    2 
 y 2  y1   1  m1m 2 
(y - y1)    x - x1 
 x 2  x1 
Y C B
y 2  y1
Its slope (m) =
x 2  x1
(e) Intercept Form : The equation of a straight
line making intercepts a and b on the axes 
of x and y respectively is given by
x y X
 1 O
a b
A D
Y
• Condition of Parallellism of lines : If the
slopes of two lines is m1 and m2 and if they
are parallel, then,
B m1  m2
Y-intercept

• Length of Perpendicular it y or Distance of

a Point from a Line : The length of perpen-
dicular from a given point (x1, y1) to a line
ax + by + c = 0 is :
A
X
O X-intercept ax1  by1  c
a 2  b2
Note : The length of Perpendicular from the t

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origin to the line ax + by + c = 0 is given by Exercise
c
--------------- LEVEL - 1 ----------------
a 2  b2
• Distance between two Parallel Lines : If two
lines are parallel, the distance between them 1. The point (–5, 7) lies in the quadrant :
will always be the same. (a) First (b) Second
When two straight lines are parallel (c) Third (d) Fourth
whose equations are ax + by + c1 = 0 and 2. The point (7, –5) lies in the quadrant :
ax + by + c2 = 0, then the distance between (a) First (b) Second
(c) Third (d) Fourth
c1 – c 2
them is given by . 3. Find the distance between the points (–6,2)
a 2  b2 and (2 , 4) :
• Changes of Axes : If origin (0, 0) is shifted to (a) 2 17 (b) 4 17
(h, k) then the coordinates of the point (x, y)
(c) 2 5 (d) 10
referred to the old axes and (X, Y) referred to
the new axes can be related with the rela- 4. The distance between the points A(b,o) and
tion B (0, a) is :
x = X + h and y = Y + k (a) (b)
a 2  b2 a 2  b2
y (c) a  b (d) a + b
Y 5. The distance between the points A (7, 4)
and B(3, 1) is :
(h,k)
X (a) 6 units (b) 3 units
(c) 4 units (d) 5 units
6. The co-ordinates of point situated on x-axis
x at a distance of 5 units from y-axis is :
O
(a) (0, 5) (b) (5, 0)
(c) (5, 5) (d) (–5, 5)
7. The co-ordinates of a point situated on y-
• Point of Intersection of Two Lines : Point of
axis at a distance of 7 units from x -axis is
intersection of two lines can be obtained by
:
solving the equations as simultaneous equa-
(a) (0, 7) (b) (7, 0)
tions.
(c) (7, 7) (d) (–7, 7)
• If the given equations of straight line are 8. The co-ordinates of a point below x-axis at
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, then a distance of 6 units from x -axis but lying
(i) The angle between the lines ‘ θ ’ is given by on y-axis is :
a2b1 – a1b2 (a) (0, 6) (b) (–6, 0)
tan θ  (c) (0, –6) (d) (6, – 6)
a1a2 + b1b2
9. The distance of the point (6, –8) from the
(ii) If the lines are parallel, then origin is :
a1 b (a) 2 units (b) 14 units
a2b1 – a1b2 = 0 or  1 (c) 7 units (d) 10 units
a2 b2
10. The point of intersection of the lines 2x +
(iii) If the lines are perpendicular, then 7y = 1 and 4x + 5y = 11 is :
a1a2 + b1b2 = 0 (a) (4, –1) (b) (2, 3)
a1 b c (c) (–1, 4) (d) (4, –2)
(iv) Coincident :  1  1 11. The line 4x + 7y = 12 meets x -axis at the
a2 b2 c2
point :
• Angle between lines (a) (3, 1) (b) (0, 3)
x cos  + y sin  = P1 and (c) (3, 0) (d) (4, 0)
x cos β + y sin β = P2 is |  – β | 12. The line 4x – 9y = 11 meets y-axis at the
point :
 11   11 
(a)   , 0 (b)  0,  
 9   9

 11   11 
(c)  0,  (d)  0,  
 4   4
13. The slope of the line 3x + 7y + 8 = 0 is :
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(a) 3 (b) 7 (a) parallel (b) perpendicualr
(c) coincident (d) intersecting
3 3
(c)  (d)
7 7
--------------- LEVEL - 2 ----------------
14. The slope of the line joining P(–4, 7) and
Q(2, 3) is :
1. If the distance of the point P(x, y) from
2 2 A(a, 0) is a + x, then y2 = ?
(a)  (b)
3 3 (a) 2 ax (b) 4ax
(c) 6ax (d) 8ax
3 3 2. If the point (x, y) is equidistant from the
(c)  (d)
2 2 points (a + b, b – a) and (a–b, a + b) then bx
15. The equation of a line parallel to x -axis at =?
a distance of 6 units and above x -axis is : (a) a2y (b) ay2
(a) x = 6 (b) y = 6x (c) ay (d) a2 y2
(c) x = 6y (d) y = 6 3. If the sum of the square of the distance of
16. The equation of a line parallel to y -axis at the point (x, y) from the point (a, 0) and (–a,
a distance of 5 units to the left of y-axis, is 0) is 2b2, then :
: (a) x2 + a2 = b2 + y2 (b) x2 + a2 = 2b2 – y2
(a) y = –5 (b) x = –5 (c) x2 – a2 = b2 + y2 (d) x2 + a2 = b2 – y2
(c) x + 5y = 0 (d) y + 5x = 0 4. P (– 4, a) and Q(2, a + 4) are two points and
17. The equation of a line parallel to x -axis the co-ordinates of the middle point of PQ
and at a distance of 7 units below x -axis are (–1, 4). The value of a is :
is : (a) 0 (b) 2
(a) y = –7 (b) x = 7 (c) –2 (d) 3
(c) x = –7 (d) y = –7x 5. If the points P(2, 3), Q(5, a) and R(6, 7) are
18. The area of the triangle whose vertices are collinear, the value of a is :
P (4, 5), Q(–3, 8) and R (3, –4), (in square (a) 5/2 (b) – 4/3
units) is : (c) 6 (d) 5
6. The equation of a line parallel to x-axis and
1
(a) 66 (b) 16 passing through (– 6 ,– 5 ) is :
2 (a) y = – 5 (b) x = – 6
(c) 33 (d) 35 (c) y = – 5x (d) y = – 6x – 5
19. The points A(0, 0), B(0, 3) and C(4, 0) are 7. The equation of a line parallel to y-axis and
the vertices of a triangle which is : passing through (2 ,– 5 ) is :
(a) Isosceles (b) Right angled (a)x = 2 (b) y = –5
(c) Equilateral (d) None of these (c) y = 2x (d) x = – 5y
20. The co-ordinates of the centroid of  PQR 8. Two vertices of a triangle PQR are P(–1, 0)
with vertices P(–2, 0), Q(9, –3) and R (8, 3) and Q(5, –2) and its centroid is (4, 0). The
is : co-ordinates of R are :
(a) (8, –2) (b) (8, 2)
 19 
(a) (1, 0) (b)  ,0  (c) (–8, 2) (d) (–8, –2)
 3  9. The co-ordinates of the point of intersec-
(c) (0, 5) (d) (5, 0) tion of the medians of a triangle with ver-
21. The equation of a line passing through the tices P(0, 6), Q(5, 3) and R(7, 3) are :
points A (0, –3) and B(–5, 2) is : (a) (4, 5) (b) (3, 4)
(a) x + y + 3 = 0 (b) x + y – 3 = 0 (c) (4, 4) (d) (5, 4)
(c) x – y + 3 = 0 (d) x – y – 3 = 0 10. The ratio in which the line segment join-
22. The length of perpendicular from the ori- ing A(3, –5) and B(5, 4) is divided by x-axis
gin to the line 12x + 5y + 7 = 0 is : is :
(a) 2 units (b) 1 unit (a) 4 : 5 (b) 5 : 4
7 7 (c) 5 : 7 (d) 6 : 5
(c) units (d) units 11. The ratio in which the line segment join-
13 11
ing P(–3, 7) and Q (7, 5) is divided by y-axis
23. The angle which the line joining the points is :
 
3 ,1 and  15 , 
5 makes with x–axis is (a) 3 : 7 (b) 4 : 7
: (c) 3 : 5 (d) 4 : 5
(a) 30° (b) 45°  10 
(c) 60° (d) 90° 12. The ratio in which the point P 1,  di-
 3 
24. The lines whose equations are 2x – 5y + 7
vides the join of the point A(–3, 2) and B(3,
= 0 and 8x – 20y + 28 = 0 are :

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4) is : 3. The equation of a line passing through the
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 point (5, 3) and parallel to the line 2x – 5y +
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 3 : 1 3 = 0, is :
13. The equation of a line with slope 5 and (a) 2x – 5y – 7 = 0 (b) 2x – 5y + 5 = 0
passing through the point (–4, 1) is : (c) 2x – 2y + 5 = 0 (d) 2x – 5y = 0
(a) y = 5x + 21 (b) y = 5x – 21 4. The sides PQ, QR, RS and SP of a quadrilat-
(c) 5y = x + 21 (d) 5y = x – 21 eral have the equations x + 2y = 3, x = 1,
14. The value of a so that the lines x + 3y –8 = x – 3y = 4, 5x + y + 12 = 0 respectively, then
0 and ax + 12y + 5 = 0 are parallel is : the angle between the diagonals PR and QS
(a) 0 (b) 1 is :
(c) 4 (d) – 4 (a) 30° (b) 45°
15. The value of P for which the lines 3x + 8y + (c) 60° (d) 90°
9 = 0 and 24x + py + 19 = 0 are 5. The equations of two equal sides of an isos-
perpendicualar is : celes triangle are 7x – y + 3 = 0 and x + y –
(a) –12 (b) – 9 3 = 0 and its third side passes through the
(c) – 11 (d) 9 point (1, –10). The equation of the third side
16. The value of a so that line joining P(–2, 5) is :
and Q (0, –7) and the line joining A (–4, –2) (a) x – 3y – 31 = 0 but not x – 3y – 31 = 0
and B(8, a) are perpendicular to each other (b) neither 3x + y + 7 = 0 nor x – 3y – 31 = 0
is : (c) 3x + y + 7 = 0 or x – 3y – 31 = 0
(a) –1 (b) 5 (d) 3x + y + 7 = 0 but not x – 3y – 31 = 0
(c) 1 (d) 0 6. If P1 and P2 be perpendicular from the ori-
17. The angle between the lines represented gin upon the straight lines x sec θ + y
by the equations 2y – 12 x – 9 = 0 and 3y cosec θ = a and x cos θ – y sin θ = a cos 2 θ
– x + 7 = 0, is : respectively, then the value of 4 P12  P22 is
(a) 30° (b) 45°
:
1 (a) a2 (b) 2a2
(c) 60° (d) 22
2 (c) (d) 3a2
2 a2
18. If P(3, 5), Q (4, 5) and R(4, 6) be any three
7. Find the equation of the line passing
points, the angle between PQ and PR is :
through the point (2, 2) and cutting off in-
(a) 30° (b) 45°
tercepts on the axes whose sum is 9 ?
(c) 60° (d) 90°
(a) x + 2y – 6 = 0 but not 2x + y – 6 = 0
19. Given a  PQR with vertices P (2, 3), Q (– 3, (b) neither x + 2y – 6 = 0 nor 2x + y – 6 = 0
7) and R (– 1, –3). The equation of median (c) 2x + y – 6 = 0 but not x + 2y – 6 = 0
PM is : (d) x + 2y – 6 = 0 or 2x + y – 6 = 0
(a) x – y + 10 = 0 (b) x – 4y –10 = 0
(c) x – 4y + 10 = 0 (d) None of these
20. The co-ordinates of the point P which di-
 11 21 
vides the join of A(3, –2) and B  ,  in LEVEL - 1
 2 2 
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b)
the ratio 2 : 3 are :
5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c)
(a) (4, 3) (b) (4, 5)
9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b)
 5 3 7 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (b)
(c)  4,  (d)  ,  17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (d)
 2 2 2
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (c)
--------------- LEVEL - 3 ----------------
LEVEL - 2
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b)
1. The length of the portion of the straight line 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b)
8x + 15y = 120 intercepted between the 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (c)
axes is : 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (d)
(a) 14 units (b) 15 units 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (a)
(c) 16 units (d) 17 units
2. The equation of the line passing through LEVEL - 3
the point (1, 1) and perpendicular to the line 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d)
3x + 4y – 5 = 0, is : 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (d)
(a) 3x + 4y – 7 = 0 (b) 3x + 4y + k = 0
(c) 3x – 4y – 1 = 0 (d) 4x – 3y + 1 = 0

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Hints and Solutions :
 3 8
LEVEL - 1  y    x   
 7  7
1. (b)
The point (–5, 7) lies in the second quad- 3
rant.  Slope of the line is  
7
2. (d)
14. (a)
The point (7, –5) lies in the fourth quad-
rant.
3. (a) y 2  y1 37 4 2
Slope of PQ    
Distance between two points x 2  x 1 2   4  6 3
 x 2  x1 2  y 2  y1 2 15. (d)
Clearly; the equation of the line is, y = 6
here (x1, y1) = (–6, 2) and (x2, y2)  (2, 4)
16. (b)
 Required distance = Clearly, the equation of the line is, x = – 5
 – 6  22  2  42 17. (a)
Clearly, the equation of the line is y = –7
 64  4  68  2 17 unit
4. (b) 18. (c)
1
AB   b – 0 2   0 – a 2  b 2  a 2  x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2 
2
 a 2  b2 1
5. (d)  44  8   3 4  5   35  8 
2
AB2 = (7 – 3)2 + (4 – 1)2 = 42 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25
1
 AB = 25  5 units  66  33 sq. units
6. (b) 2
Clearly, the point of x -axis has ordinate 0 19. (b)
and abscissa 5.
AB   0  0 2   0  3 2  3
So, the point is (5, 0)
7. (a)
Clearly, the point on y-axis has abscissa 0.
AC   4  02  0  02  4
So, the point is (0, 7)
8. (c)
and BC   4  0 2   0  32  5
Clearly, the point is (0, 6)  AB2 + AC2 = BC2
9. (d)  ABC is a right angled triangle.
Required distance =  6 – 0 2   8 – 0 2
B (0, 3)
 36  64  100  10 units
10. (a)
2x + 7y = 1 ........ (i)
4x + 5y = 11 ......(ii) A C (4,0)
on solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 4 and y = (0, 0)
–1
20. (d)
 Required point of intersection = (4, –1)
11. (c) The co-ordinates of the centroid of  PQR
Equation of x-axis is y = 0 are -
put y = 0 in 4x + 7y = 12 we get x = 3
  2 9  8 0  3  3
 Required point = (3, 0)  ,   5, 0 
 3 3 
12. (b)
Equation of y-axis is x = 0 21. (a)
The required equation is
11
put x = 0 in 4x – 9y = 11 we get y =  23
9  y  3   x  0
5  0
 11 y+3=–x  x+y+3=o
 Required point = 0, – 9  22. (c)
 
Length of perpendicular =
13. (c)
3x + 7y + 8 = 0  7y = – 3x – 8 12  0  5  0  7 7
  units
122  52 13

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23. (a) a–3=3 a=6
5 1 1 6. (a)
The slope of the line is  The equation of a line parallel to x-axis is y
15  3 3
= b.
1 Since, it passes through (–6, –5), so b = –5
 tan θ  or θ  30
3  The required equation is, y = –5
24. (c) 7. (a)
Here, The equation of a line parallel to y-axis is,
x = a.
a1 2 1 b1 5 1 c 7 1
  ,   and 1   Since, it passes through (2, –5), so a = 2
a 2 8 4 b 2  20 4 c 2 28 4
 The required equation is, x = 2
a1 b1 c1 8. (b)
  
a 2 b 2 c 2 , So the given lines are co- Let the co-ordinates of R be (x, y). Then,
incident. –1  5  x 0 – 2 y
 4 and 0
3 3
LEVEL - 2 or 4 + x = 12 and –2 + y = 0
1. (b) or x = 8 and y = 2
 x  a 2  (y  0)2  a  x  R = (x, y) = (8, 2)
9. (c)
2
  x  a   y 2  a  x 
2 Since, point of intersection of median is
“centroid”.
 y 2  x  a 2  x  a 2  co-ordinates of centroid

 y 2  4ax 0  5  7 6  3  3
 , 
 3 3 
2. (c)
Let (x, y), Q(a + b, b – a) and R(a – b, a + b)  12 12 
are given points.  , 
 3 3 
 PQ = PR.
 4, 4
 x  a  b2  y  b  a 2 10. (b)
Let the ratio be k : 1
 x  a  b2  y  a  b2 The ordinate of a point lying on x-axis must
 x 2 – 2x (a + b) + (a + b)2 + y2 – 2y(b –a) + be zero
(b+ a)2 = x 2 + (a – b)2 – 2x (a – b) + y2 + (a + b)2
4k  5  1 5
– 2y (a + b)   0  4k  5  k 
k 1 4
 ax + bx + by – ay = ax – bx + ay + by
 2bx = 2ay 5
 Required ratio is :1  5 : 4
 bx = ay. 4
3. (d) 11. (a)
Let A (x, y), P(a, 0) and Q(–a, 0), Then, Let the ratio be k : 1
 AP2 + AQ2 = 2b2 The abcissa of a point lying on y-axis must
 [(x – a)2 + (y – 0)2] + [(x + a)2 + (y – 0)2] = 2b2 be zero
 x 2 + a2 – 2ax + y2 + x 2 + a2 + 2ax + y2 = 2b2 7k  3  1 3
  0  7k  3  0  k 
 2(x 2 + a2 + y2) = 2b2 k 1 7
 x 2 + a2 + y2 = b2
3
 x 2 + a2 = b2 – y2  Required ratio is :1  3 : 7
7
4. (d)
co-ordinates of middle point  (–1, 4) 12. (c)
Let the ratio be k : 1
aa4
  4  2a  4  8  2a  4 3k  3  1
2  1
k 1
 a=2
 3k – 3 = k + 1  2k = 4  k = 2
5. (c)
Since, P,Q and R collinear  Required ratio is 2 : 1
13. (a)
 slope of PQ = slope of PR
Let the equation be y = 5x + c
a–3 7–3 a–3 4 Since it passes through (–4, 1), we have 1
   
5–2 6–2 3 4 = 5(–4) + c
 c = 21 so, its equation is, y = 5x + 21
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14. (c)
1
 m2 
a1 b1 3
Condition of parallelism a  b
2 2
1
1 3 3
  a4 m1 – m2 3  1
 tan θ  
a 12 1  m1.m2 1  3. 1 3
Alternatively, 3
 1 8 1
So, θ  30
x  3y  8  0  y    x     m1  
 3 3 3 18. (b)
 a  5 55
ax  12 y  5  0  0  y    x  Slope of PQ, m1  0
 12  12 43
a 65
 m2   Slope of PR, m 2  1
12 43
for parallelism, m 1 = m2
m1  m 2 0 1
 tan θ    1
1 a 1  m1m 2 1 0
   a  4
3 12
15. (b) So, θ  45
Condition of perpendicularism, a1a2 + b1b2 19. (c)
=0 Clearly, M is the mid-point of QR.
 3  24 + 8  p = 0  8p = –3  24  p = –9   3 1 7  3 
Alternatively-  Co-ordinates of M are  2 , 2 
 
3x + 8y + 9 = 0 
i.e. (–2, 2)
 3 9 3 Now, find the equation of the line joining
y    x   m1  
 8 8 8 P(2, 3) and M(–2, 2)
2–3
 24  19 Required equation is , (y – 3) = (x –
24x  py  19  0  y    x  –2–2
 p  p
2)
24 1
m2    y 3 x  2  4y – 12  x – 2
p 4
for perpendicularism, m1.m2 = –1  x – 4y  10  0
 3   24  20. (a)
       1
 8  p  Required point is :
 P–9  11 21 
33  2 3  2  2 
16. (d) 2 2 
 ,
7  5 12  32 32 
m1 = Slope of PQ    6  
02 2  

a2 a2  20 15 
m2 = Slope of AB    ,   4, 3
84 12  5 5 
a2
 m1m2 = –1  6  12  1 LEVEL - 3
1. (d)
 a+2=2  a=0 Point of intersection at x -axis = (x, 0)
17. (a)  8x + 15 y = 120
12 9  8x + 15  0 = 120  x = 15
2y  12.x  9  0  y  x  point ot intersection = (15, 0)
2 2
Point of intersection at y-axis = (0, y)
12  8x + 15 y = 120
 m1   3
2  0 + 15y = 120  y = 8
 Point of intersection = (0, 8)
 1  7  Required length = AB
3y  x  7  0  y   x 
 3 3
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or 2x  5y  5  0
(0, 8) 4. (d)
x + 2y = 3 .......... (i)
B 5x + y = –12 ........(ii)
A (15,O) On solving (i) and (ii), we get x = –3, y = 3
 co-ordinates of P(– 3, 3)
O
R
4 x
y= =
1
 15  0  0  8
2 2
x –3
S Q
 225  64  289

5x
3
 17 units =

+
2y

y
2. (c)

+1
+
x

2=
 3 5 P

0
Given line - 3x + 4y – 5 = 0  y    x 
 4 4 Similarly, Q(1, 1), R(1, –1) and S(–2, 2)
3 1  3
 its slope, m1   Now, m1 = slope of PR =  1
4 1 3
Let m2 be the slope of required line.
2  1
m2 = slope of QS = 1
 3 – 2 –1
Then, m1m2 = –1 or    m2 = –1
 4
 m1m 2  1
4  the required angle is 90
 m2 =
3 5. (c)
Let the required equation be, y = m2x + c  Third side passes through (1, –10)
4 so its equation y + 10 = m(x – 1) .......(i)
y x c This side makes equal angle with the
3
given two sides.
Since, it passes through (1, 1)
let this angle be θ .
4 4 1 Now, slope of line 7x – y + 3 = 0 is m1,
 1 1  c  c  1   
3 3 3  m1 = 1
and slope of line x + y – 3 = 0 is m2,
4 1
 the required equation is , y  x  m2 = –1
3 3 angle between (i) and 7x – y + 3 = 0 = angle
or 4x – 3y – 1 = 0 between (i) and x + y – 3 = 0
3. (b)
m–7 m – – 1
2x – 5y + 3 = 0  tan θ  
1  7m 1  m– 1
2 3
 y   x     m  –3 or 1/3
5 5
Hence possible equations of third side are
2 y + 10 = –3 (x – 1)
 its slope m1 
5 1
Let the slope of line which is parall;el to and y  10   x –1
3
the given line is m2
or 3x + y + 7 = 0 and x – 3y – 31 = 0
2 6. (a)
 m 2  m1  P1 = lenght of perpendicular from (0, 0) on x
5
sec θ + y cosec θ = a
2
Let the required equation be, y  x c
5 a a
 P1  
Since, it passes through (5, 3) 2
sec θ  cosec θ 2 1 1

2 cos θ sin2θ
2

 3 5  c  c 1
5  a sinθ .cosθ
2 or 2P1 = a(2sin θ . cos θ )  2P1 = a sin 2 θ
 Required equation is, y  x 1
5

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a cos 2θ
Similarly, P2   a cos 2θ
cos 2θ  sin 2θ

  
4P12  P22  a 2 sin2 2θ. cos2 2θ  a 2
7. (d)
Let a and b are the intercepts on x and y-
axes respectively.
 a + b = 9  b = 9 – a .........(i)
and the equation of the line is
x y
  1 ..........(ii)
a b
From (i) and (ii)
x y
  1 ......iii 
a 9–a
this line also passes through the point (2,2)
2 2
 from (iii)  1
a 9a
On solving we get a = 6 or a = 3
If a = 6 then b = 9 – 6 = 3
x y
 equation of the line is  1
6 3
or x + 2y – 6 = 0
If a = 3 then b = 9 – 3 = 6
x y
 equation of the line is  1
3 6
or 2x + y – 6 = 0
Hence, required equation is
x + 2y – 6 = 0 or 2x + y – 6 = 0
Note : Solve this type of question with the
help of given options.

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