ICTE 1043

Statistical Analysis with Software Application

Week 1
Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Discuss the basic concepts of Statistics.

2. Recognize and differentiate between key terms
What is Statistics?

Statistics has become an integral part of our everyday life. If you read
any newspaper or watch television, use the Internet, or other types of
media , you will see statistical information. Such information has
become highly influential in our lives. With this information, we make
a decision about the correctness of a statement, claim, or "fact."
Statistical methods can help us make the "best educated guess.“

Before getting involved in the subject matter in detail, let us define

some of the terms used extensively in the field of statistics.
What is Statistics?

Why is it important to know Statistics?

Definition of Statistics

Statistical Data
Facts about, or summaries of data
(e.g. sales statistics, employment statistics, etc.)

Statistical Method
Statistics is a science that deals with the method of
collection, organization, presentation, analysis and
interpretation of quantitative data.
Stages in Statistical Investigation

Collection of Organization Presentation Analysis of Interpretation

Data of Data of Data Data of Results
the process •Arranging the • Provides an •Extraction of •Attaching
of obtaining collected data overview of summarized meaning and
(gathering) a according to what the data and interpretation
set of related some common actually looks comprehensive to the
measurements characteristics like and to numerical numerical
or counts to facilitate description in results
meet statistical order to reach
predetermined analysis conclusion
objectives
Classification of Statistics

Descriptive Statistics involves organizing,

summarizing, and displaying data.

Inferential Statistics uses sample data to draw conclusions

about a population.
Descriptive Statistics

Collect data
 e.g. Survey

Present data
 e.g. Tables and graphs

Characterize data
 e.g. Sample mean =
X i

n
Inferential Statistics

Estimation
 e.g. Estimate the population
mean weight using the sample
mean weight

Hypothesis testing
 e.g. Test the claim that the
population mean weight is 120
pounds

Drawing conclusions and/or making decisions concerning a population based on sample results.
Important Terms

Population
The collection of all responses,
measurements, or counts that are of interest.

The population must be defined explicitly before the

study begins and the research hypothesis/questions
specify the population being studied

Defined by certain characteristics:

- Inclusion criteria
- Exclusion criteria
Important Terms

Sample
A portion or subset of the
population.

Sampling Error

 reflects the fact that the result we get from our sample is not
going to be exactly equal to the result we would have got if we
have been able to measure the entire population. And each
possible sample we could take give a different result.
Important Terms

Parameter

A number that describes a population characteristic.

Average gross income of all people
in the Philippines in 2019.

Statistic

A number that describes a sample characteristic.

2019 gross income of people in a sample of 3
regions.
Applications of Statistics

In marketing research, Natural, Social, In the social sciences, statistics are used in all
statistical tools are Business and Physical areas of human and social characteristics.
indispensable in studying Economics, Engineering, Sciences
Marketing,
consumer behavior, effects Computer Science
Astronomy, In physical sciences, for example, the science
Chemistry, Physics
of various promotional of meteorology uses statistics in analyzing
strategies and so on. the data gathered by satellites in predicting
weather conditions.
Areas where
STATISTICS
e.g. effectiveness of a Health & are used Environment In agriculture, experiments about crop
Medicine
new drug is determined Genetics, Clinical Trials,
Agriculture, yields, types of fertilizers and types of
Ecology, Forestry, soils under different types of
by statistical Epidemiology,
Animal Populations
experimentation and Pharmacology environments are commonly designed
evaluation. and analyzed through statistical
methods and concepts.
Government
Census, Law,
National Defense