Energy Conversion and Management 204 (2020) 112307

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Energy Conversion and Management

Proposal and assessment of a novel combined heat and power system: T

Karim Aliakbaric
a
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
b
Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
c
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Montazeri, Khorasan Razavi Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Mashhad, Iran

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Keywords: This research aims at developing a small-scale novel cogeneration system to satisfy all of the electrical and heating
Gas turbine cycle demands of a typical residential complex. The proposed system is integrated of a gas turbine cycle (GTC) and a Kalina
Kalina cycle cycle (KC). A comprehensive parametric study is presented for evaluating the proposed system from energy, exergy,
Waste heat recovery environmental and economic (4E) points of view. The system’s governing equations are solved and validated through
Combined heat and power (CHP)
developing a high-accuracy computational code in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The effects of some
4E analysis
important design parameters (including compressor pressure ratio, base ammonia concentration, generator pressure
Net present value (NPV)
and condenser pinch point temperature difference) are investigated on four appropriate criteria of energy efficiency
( th ), exergy efficiency ( ex ), levelized total emissions (LTE) and levelized total costs (LTC). Furthermore, two eco-
nomic methods, payback period (PP) and net present value (NPV), are also investigated. The results show that, the
simulation outputs at base design conditions are as th = 69.43%, ex = 37.90%, LTE = 87998 kg/kW, LTC = 8958
$/kW, PP = 3.34 years and NPV = 878679 $. The results of parametric analysis reveal that there is an optimal
compressor pressure ratio which leads to maximum th and ex and minimum LTE and LTC. The combustion chamber
of GTC has the maximum share in system’s total exergy destruction (with 55.95% of total exergy destruction). Also,
the entire KC has a low contribution of 3.396% in total exergy destruction.

1. Introduction cycle which is a CHP (combined heat and power) plant based on re-
generative GTC with a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) [8–10].
The growing energy demand in the world is one of the most import Sarkar [11] proposed a second-law based analysis and optimization of a
issues for designing more efficient and eco-friendly power plants [1,2]. modified supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) cycle with recompression. Bellos
On the other side, the increased awareness about the limitation of the et al. [12] added parabolic trough solar collectors to the basic GTC for
fossil fuel resources and also environmental damages of the carbon enhancing system’s performance through preheating air flow before
emissions have attracted the attentions of many researches toward the entering to the combustion chamber.
implementation of the new technologies for producing energy from dif- Over the past two decades, many efforts have been made to upgrade
ferent kinds of sources [3,4]. Combining various power plants to produce thermodynamic cycles in the field of rehabilitation and deployment of
electrical, heating or cooling energies simultaneously is one of these low-grade energy sources such as renewable resources and waste hot
technologies which is known as multi-generation technology [5–7]. gases. The Kalina cycle (KC) is one of these cycles which was developed
Among various thermodynamic cycles, the gas turbine cycle (GTC) by Alexander Kalina in the early 1980s [13,14]. The KC uses the mix-
is introduced as an interesting cycle to be as the topping cycle of the ture of ammonia and water (NH3-H2O) as working fluid and this fluid
combined cycles. The exhaust gases of GTC have a significant heating provides a better match to the enthalpy-temperature curve of the hot
energy and therefore it could be combined with the other cycles fluid (i.e. heat source). In 1990, Marston [15] proposed a more complex
through waste heat recovery. So far, many modifications and optimi- version of KC and compared it with the optimized version of the basic
zations have been done to improve the performance of the base GTC. KC. Lolos and Rogdakis [16] used solar collectors as a low-temperature
Among them, it can be pointed to the well-known CGAM cogeneration heat source for KC. Their system was working at low pressures of

⁎
Corresponding author at: Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, P.O. Box 316, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran.
E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (A.J. Moghadam).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112307
Received 7 August 2019; Received in revised form 4 November 2019; Accepted 13 November 2019
Available online 28 November 2019
0196-8904/ © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A. Ebrahimi-Moghadam, et al. Energy Conversion and Management 204 (2020) 112307

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