Scribd
Upload
13 views

Math Notes

1) A set is a well-defined collection of distinct objects, which can be represented using roster notation (listing elements between commas) or rule notation (using a description to define elements). A set must have clearly defined elements to be considered well-defined. 2) Key terms include subsets, which are portions of a set contained within another set; the universal set, which contains all elements under consideration; and the empty or null set, which has no elements. 3) Set operations like union, intersection, and difference can be used to solve problems involving sets, often using Venn diagrams to illustrate the relationships between sets.

Uploaded by

Camille Marie Bituin Urbano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Math Notes

1) A set is a well-defined collection of distinct objects, which can be represented using roster notation (listing elements between commas) or rule notation (using a description to define elements). A set must have clearly defined elements to be considered well-defined. 2) Key terms include subsets, which are portions of a set contained within another set; the universal set, which contains all elements under consideration; and the empty or null set, which has no elements. 3) Set operations like union, intersection, and difference can be used to solve problems involving sets, often using Venn diagrams to illustrate the relationships between sets.

Uploaded by

Camille Marie Bituin Urbano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

7TH GRADE

SKSU – Laboratory High School

SETS AND PROBLEMS


INVOLVING SETS
Vivialyn C. Asoy, LPT
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion, the students should be
able to:
a. define a well-defined set;
b. illustrate a subset, universal set, null set, cardinality of
set;
c. analyze union, intersection, and the difference of two
sets.
d. solve problems involving sets using Venn diagram; and
e. apply set operations to solve a variety of word
problems.
SETS
In this lesson you will learn how to define and
illustrate a well-defined set and to identify
elements of the given set.
Group and label the objects below according to their
characteristics.
Which does not belong to the group?
SETS
It is a collection of objects
which are clearly defined as
belonging to a well-defined
group.
Normally, a capital letter is used
to name or label a set.

Example:
Set A consists of all
subjects offered in
secondary school.
𝐴 = 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑙
𝐴 = 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ, 𝑀𝑎𝑡ℎ, 𝑆𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑜, 𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑀𝐴𝑃𝐸𝐻, 𝐸𝑆𝑃
Well-Defined Set
It is a set with an exact object or element.
Example:
❑ The set of primary colors

❑ The set of letters in the word “arrange”

Example (not well-defined set):


❑ The set of popular actor

❑ The set of punctual students


Set Notation
Rule Method Rooster or Listing Method
𝐴 = 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 1 𝑡𝑜 5 𝐴 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
𝐴 = 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐴 𝐵 = 𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑙, 𝐴𝑢𝑔𝑢𝑠𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 15 𝐶 = 3,5
𝐴 = 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑆𝑈𝐵𝑇𝑅𝐴𝐶𝑇 𝐷 = 𝑆, 𝑈, 𝐵, 𝑇, 𝑅, 𝐴, 𝐶
𝐴 = 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 8 𝐸 = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, …
State whether each of the following sets is
well-defined or not.

_______________
Not Well-Defined 1. The set of young politicians.
_______________
Well-Defined 2. The set of types of matter.
_______________
Not Well-Defined 3. The set of versatile actresses.

_______________
Well-Defined 4. The set of all oceans of the earth.
_______________
Well-Defined 5. The set of months containing 31
days.
Match the descriptions in column A with
word/s being described in column B.
Column A Column B
E 1. The objects contained in the set.
B 2. A well-defined group or collection of a. capital letters
objects that share common characteristics.
C 3. It is represented by three dots which is b. set
use to indicate that a set has many/infinite c. ellipsis
elements.
D 4. A symbol use to group the elements of a d. { }
set. e. Elements
A 5. A symbol used in represent a set.
Subsets, Universal Sets,
Null Sets and Cardinality of
Sets
The table shows the common
symbols used:
Symbol Words
∈ "𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡"
∉ "𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡"
⊂ "𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑡"
⊄ "𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑡"
⋃ "𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛"
⋂ "𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛"
Example
Given: 𝐴 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 1 𝑡𝑜 10
𝐴 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Fill in the blanks with ∈ or ∉.
a. 8 _____
∈ A
b. 13 _____
∉ A
c. 4 _____
∈ A
d. 10 _____
∈ A
e. 23 _____
∉ A
Universal Set

It is a set that contains


everything or all elements
under consideration and are
relevant to the problem. It
is denoted as U.
Examples

1. Set ∪ contains the set of all letters of the


English Alphabet.
∪= 𝑨, 𝑩, 𝑪, 𝑫, 𝑬, 𝑭, 𝑮, 𝑯, 𝑰, 𝑱, 𝑲, 𝑳, 𝑴, 𝑵, 𝑶, 𝑷, 𝑸, 𝑹, 𝑺, 𝑻, 𝑼, 𝑽, 𝑾, 𝑿, 𝒀, 𝒁

2. Set U contains the set of days of the week.


∪= 𝑺𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒚, 𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒚, 𝑻𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒅𝒂𝒚, 𝑾𝒆𝒅𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒅𝒂𝒚, 𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒓𝒔𝒅𝒂𝒚, 𝑭𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒚, 𝑺𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒅𝒂𝒚
Subsets

It is a portion of a set. A set


is a subset of another set if
and only if all the elements
of a sets are contained in
another set. It is denoted as
⊆.
Examples

Fill in each of the following blanks with the


symbol ⊆ or ⊈.
a. 6, 7, 8 ______
⊆ 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
b. 𝑓, 𝑔, ℎ ______
⊈ 𝑣𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑠
c. 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒, 𝑟𝑒𝑑 ______
⊆ 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑜𝑤 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠
Subsets
The number of subsets of a
certain set is 2𝑛 , where n is the
number of elements in the set.

Note:
(1) Every set is a subset of itself.
(2) An empty set is a subset of
every set.
Empty or Null Sets

It is a set with no elements


in it known as an empty set
or null set. It is represented
by ∅ or by { }.
Examples
1. Set T is the set of counting numbers between 1 and 2.
𝑇= or 𝑇 = ∅
2. Set I is the set of months with 35 days.
I= or I = ∅
3. Set M is the set of cars with 60 doors.
M= or M = ∅
4. Set B is the set of flying castles.
B= or B = ∅
5. Set E is the set of crying trees.
E= or E = ∅
Cardinality of Sets

The cardinal number of


set A, denoted by n(A), is
the number of elements
in set A.
Examples:
Find the cardinality of the following sets.
1. Set D is the set of vowels in English alphabet.
n(D) = 5
2. Set R is the set of letters in the word “difficulty”.
n(R) = 8
3. Set M is the set of odd numbers between 1 and 2.
n M ={ }
4. Set E is the set of letters in the word “survivor”.
n(E) = 6
5. Set K is the set of counting numbers less than 5
n(K) = 4

You might also like