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    Module-1 2

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    Ceara
    Water can be sourced from rainfall, natural surface water like ponds and lakes, or underground sources. Rainwater is soft and pure but difficult to store long-term. Surface water contains bacteria and impurities requiring treatment. Groundwater requires treatment to remove organic matter and chemicals. Water treatment involves sedimentation to remove particles, chemical treatments like chlorination to kill bacteria, and filtration to remove other particles. An effective water distribution system provides adequate pressurized supply to all areas, protects water quality during repairs, avoids contamination risks, ensures circulation without dead ends, and properly installs and disinfects new mains.

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    Module-1 2

    Uploaded by

    Ceara
    7 views3 pages
    Water can be sourced from rainfall, natural surface water like ponds and lakes, or underground sources. Rainwater is soft and pure but difficult to store long-term. Surface water contains bacteria and impurities requiring treatment. Groundwater requires treatment to remove organic matter and chemicals. Water treatment involves sedimentation to remove particles, chemical treatments like chlorination to kill bacteria, and filtration to remove other particles. An effective water distribution system provides adequate pressurized supply to all areas, protects water quality during repairs, avoids contamination risks, ensures circulation without dead ends, and properly installs and disinfects new mains.

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    Water can be sourced from rainfall, natural surface water like ponds and lakes, or underground sources. Rainwater is soft and pure but difficult to store long-term. Surface water contains bacteria and impurities requiring treatment. Groundwater requires treatment to remove organic matter and chemicals. Water treatment involves sedimentation to remove particles, chemical treatments like chlorination to kill bacteria, and filtration to remove other particles. An effective water distribution system provides adequate pressurized supply to all areas, protects water quality during repairs, avoids contamination risks, ensures circulation without dead ends, and properly installs and disinfects new mains.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views3 pages

    Module-1 2

    Uploaded by

    Ceara
    Water can be sourced from rainfall, natural surface water like ponds and lakes, or underground sources. Rainwater is soft and pure but difficult to store long-term. Surface water contains bacteria and impurities requiring treatment. Groundwater requires treatment to remove organic matter and chemicals. Water treatment involves sedimentation to remove particles, chemical treatments like chlorination to kill bacteria, and filtration to remove other particles. An effective water distribution system provides adequate pressurized supply to all areas, protects water quality during repairs, avoids contamination risks, ensures circulation without dead ends, and properly installs and disinfects new mains.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    REFERENCES: Salvan, G.S. (2005). Architectural Utilities 1.

    SOURCES OF WATER Plumbing and Sanitary


    Data image: https://www.cdc.gov/ (Links to an external site.)

    WATER SUPPLY: The supply of


    purified water to a community, FROM RAINFALL
    usually including facilities for
    storing and distributing this water, as ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
    reservoirs and pipelines. Hard to store for a long time as it will be a
    Obtained from roofs and watersheds. It is breeding place for mosquitoes, requiring big
    soft, pure and good on places where there is containers for storing big quantities for long
    an abundant rainfall. uses, roofs may not be clean, bad for places
    that receives a little amount of rainfall.
    FROM NATURAL SURFACE
    ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
    Obtained from ponds, lakes and rivers. Dangerous because it contains large amounts
    Easiness of procurement and good for of bacteria, organic and inorganic substances
    locality near such bodies of water. of varying quantities.
    FROM UNDERGROUND
    ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
    Because of various organic matters and
    chemical elements present, it requires
    Obtained from below ground surface by
    treatment of various nature, such as
    means of mechanical and manual equipment.
    sedimentation, chemical, filtration and
    aeration.
    More water can be obtained depending
    on equipment used and locality.
    REFERENCES:
    https://ppp.gov.ph/, (Links to an external
    TREATMENT OF WATER site.) https://smartwatermagazine.com/, (Links to an external
    site.)https://www.azcentral.com/ (Links to an external site.)

    WATER TREATMENT: The act or process of making water more potable or useful, as by purifying, clarifying, or
    softening.

    Sedimentation: Particles or matters that are suspended in the water are allowed to stay in a container so that the will settle in the bottom,
    then drawing the water out, leaving these sediments in the container.

    Chemical Treatments: Water are given chemical treatments to kill the harmful bacteria present and to cure the turbid taste or mud-taste,
    remove clay, salts, iron, etc. Commonly used chemical is chlorine.
    Filtration: Water are filtered on various processes, so as to remove the particles of vegetable matter, mud, and other particles of matter
    present in the water. Most commonly used materials are the sand and gravel.
    REFERENCES: Salvan, G.S. (2005). Architectural Utilities 1.
    Plumbing and Sanitary; Ching, F.D.K. A Visual Dictionary of
    WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Architecture
    Data image: https://www.lethbridge.ca/ (Links to an external site.)

    1. The system must provide adequate supply of water, with


    adequate pressure up to the extremities of the system.
    2. The safety and quality of the water should not be impaired by
    defects in the system. It should be provided with sufficient valves
    and blow-offs to allow repair work without undue interruption of
    service to some areas, and to allow the flushing of the system.
    3. There should be no unprotected open reservoir, or cross
    connections with inferior water system to enter the distribution
    system.
    4. the water system should be tight against leakage. The main and
    branches connection should not be submerged in surface water,
    subjected to any source of contamination.
    5. The water system design, shall afford effective circulation of
    water with minimum number of dead end mains.
    6. The system shall be guarded against contamination in any
    parts of its resulting from repair works, replacement or extension
    of the mains.
    7. When new mains are installed, or old mains repaired, they
    should be filled with strong chlorine solution and then flushed
    with water supplied normally from the main.
    8. Water main should be laid above the elevation of concrete
    sanitary sewers, or crossover points.

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