PRACTICAL MANUAL

BASIC COMPUTER NETWORKING

COM212
SECOND SEMSTER 2020/2021 SESSION

Prepared

By

Adamu Ahmad Abubakar

COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
HUSSAINI ADAMU FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC
KAZAURE
How to setup LAN Network

Terminologist of LAN Network

 A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computer and

peripheral devices which are connected in a limited area such as
school, laboratory, home, and office building.
 Server: A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computer and
peripheral devices which are connected in a limited area such as
school, laboratory, home, and office building.
 Client: a client is a piece of computer hardware or software that
accesses a service made available by a server as part of the client–
server model of computer network.
 A crimping tool: is a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal
by deforming one or both of them to hold each other.
 RJ45 Connector: the eight-pin RJ45 connector is a standardised
interface which often connects a computer to a Local Area
Network (LAN).
 CAT6 Cable: Category 6 cable (Cat 6) is a standardized twisted
pair cable for Ethernet and other network physical layers that
is backward compatible with the Category 5/5e and Category 3
cable standards.
 Cable Tester: A cable tester is an electronic device used to verify
the electrical connections in a signal cable or other wired assembly.
 Network Switch: A network switch connects devices (such as
computers, printers, wireless access points) in a network to each
other, and allows them to 'talk' by exchanging data packets.
 A Router: A router is a device that connects two or more packet-
switched networks or subnetworks. It serves two primary
functions: managing traffic between these networks by forwarding
data packets to their intended IP addresses, and allowing multiple
devices to use the same Internet connection.
 A network hub: is a node that broadcasts data to every computer
or Ethernet-based device connected to it. A hub is less
sophisticated than a switch, the latter of which can isolate data
transmissions to specific devices.
1.1 A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computer and peripheral
devices which are connected in a limited area such as school, laboratory,
home, and office building. is a group of computer and peripheral devices
which are connected in a limited area such as school, laboratory, home, and
office building. It is a widely useful network for sharing resources like files,
printers, games, and other application. The simplest type of LAN network is
to connect computers and a printer in someone’s home or office. In general,
LAN will be used as one type of transmission medium. It is a network
which consists of less than 5000 interconnected devices across several
buildings. Local area networks, generally called LANs, are privately-owned
networks. They provide a useful way of sharing resources between end
users. The resources such as printers, file servers, scanners, and internet are
easily sharable among other connected computers in a network. Traditional
LANs run at speeds of 10 to 100 Mbps (but now much higher speeds can be
achieved) but newer LANs operate at up to 10 Gbps speed.
1.1.2 How to crimping a network cable Cat6
You can quickly and easily crimp an RJ-45 to a cable with or without a
crimping tool. If you have a crimping tool, strip away a portion of the
sheath, untangle and arrange the wires in the correct order, fit them into the
connector, and use the crimping part of your tool to squeeze the small pins
into the wires and secure the connector. If you don’t have a crimping tool,
no problem! Use a pair of scissors or a utility knife to cut away a section of
the sheathing at the end of the cable, untwist and arrange the small cables in
the right order, put them into the RJ-45 connector, and use a small, flathead
screwdriver to press down each of the pins.
1. Using a Crimping Tool

Strip the cable back 1 inch (25 mm) from the end. Insert the cable into the
stripper section of the tool and squeeze it tight. Then, rotate the crimping tool
around the cable in a smooth and even motion to create a clean cut. Keep the
tool clamped and pull away towards the end of the wire to remove the
sheathing.
 The stripping section is a round hole near the handle of the tool.
 The sheathing should come off cleanly, leaving the wires exposed.

Untwist and straighten the wires inside of the cable. Inside of the cable
you’ll see a bunch of smaller wires twisted together. Separate the twisted wires
and straighten them out so they are easier to sort into the right order.[2]
 Cut off the small plastic wire separator or core so it is out of the way.
 Do not cut off or remove any of the wires or you will not be able to crimp
them into the connector.

Arrange the wires into the right order. Use your fingers to put the wires in
the correct order so they can be properly crimped. The proper sequence is as
follows from left to right: Orange/White, Orange, Green/White, Blue,
Blue/White, Green, Brown/White, and Brown.
 There are 8 wires in total that need to be arranged in the right sequence.
 Note that the wires labeled Orange/White or Brown/White indicate the
small wires that have 2 colors.

Tip: If your tool does not have a cutting section, use a pair of wire cutters or
scissors to cut the small wires.

Insert the wires into the RJ-45 connector. Hold the RJ-45 connector so the
clip is on the underside and the small metal pins are facing up. Insert the cable
into the connector so that each of the small wires fits into the small grooves in
the connector.
  The sheathing of the cable should fit just inside of the connector so it is
past the base.
 If any of the small, wires bend or do not fit into a groove correctly, take
the cable out and straighten the wires with your fingers before trying
again.
 The wires must be inserted in the correct order and each wire must fit into
a groove before you crimp the connector.

Stick the connector into the crimping part of the tool and squeeze
twice. Insert the connector in the crimping section of the tool until it cannot fit
any further. Squeeze the handles to crimp the connector and secure the wires.
Release the handles, then squeeze the tool again to make sure all of the pins are
pushed down.
 The crimping tool pushes small pins in the grooves down onto the wires
to hold and connect them to the RJ-45 connector.
Remove the cable from the tool and check that all of the pins are
down. Take the connector out of the tool and look at the pins to see that they’re
all pushed down in an even line. Lightly tug at the connector to make sure it’s
attached to the cable.
 If any of the pins aren’t pushed down, put the wire back into the crimping
tool and crimp it again.

Cut into the outer sheath of the cable with a pair of scissors. Take a pair of
scissors and gently cut into the plastic sheath about 1 inch (25 mm) from the
end of the cable. Make sure you don’t cut into the wires inside. When the
scissors penetrate the sheath, rotate the cable and scissors to create a cut around
the cable. Then, stick your fingertips under the sheath and pull it off towards the
end.
 Don’t cut too deep when you make your initial incision.
Tip: If you don’t have scissors, you can use a utility knife to cut away the outer
sheath. But be careful not to cut the wires inside.
Separate and straighten out the small wires in the cable. Use your fingers to
untwist and straighten the exposed wires after you remove the sheath. If there is
a plastic core or wire separator, cut it away with your scissors.[7]

Put the wires in the right order. Arrange the wires from left to right so the
order is orange/white, orange, green/white, blue, blue/white, green,
brown/white, brown. They need to be arranged in a specific order to be properly
crimped to the RJ-45 connector.
 Some of the wires have 2 colors on them, like the orange and white wire.
Trim the wires 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) away from the sheath. Bring the wires
together and hold them with your thumb and index finger. Then, use your
scissors to cut them. Make sure they are cut evenly.
 The wires need to be even in order to fit into the grooves in the connector.
 If you cut the wires unevenly, move further down and cut them again so
their ends are in a straight line.

Fit the wires into the grooves of the RJ-45 connector. Hold the connector so
the metal pins or brackets are facing up and the clip is facing down. Hold the
small wires together in the right order and slide them into the connector. They
should fit into the grooves of the connector, with the end of the sheath of the
cable fitting just past the base of the connector.
Press the pins down with a flathead screwdriver. Locate the small metal pins
at the ends of the grooves of the connector. Use a thin, flathead screwdriver to
push each of the pins down. Push the pins 1 by 1 so they’re pressed all the way
into each wire.
 Be careful not to crack or break the plastic connector.

Tug on the end of the connector to make sure it’s secure. Double check that
all of the pins are pressed into the wire, and give a light tug on the connector to
make sure it will not slide off. Each of the pins should be inserted at the same
level to form an even line.
 Lightly shake the cable and listen for any rattling that could indicate that
one of the pins is not secure.
A Switch: Generally, a network switch can be used directly after purchasing.
Well, if you want to configure VLAN (virtual LAN) or shut a port, you should
first know how to access the switch.
Log in to a Network Switch via the Console Port

 The console port is used to connect a computer directly to a Gigabit

Ethernet switch and manage the switch since there is no display device
for the switch. In most cases, it is the very first step to configure your
network switch. Here are the detailed steps of logging in to a network
switch via the console port.

 Connect switch console port to the computer serial port with a

combination of an RJ45 to RS232 converter cable (provided by the
vendor) and an RS232 to USB converter cable (prepared by yourself).

 Then connect your cat6 or cat5 cable to your server and assign an IP
Address to the server. Let assume the IP address of the server is
192.168.10.10 to assign the IP address go to control Panel
Click Network and Internet

Then click Network Status and tasks

Click Change Adapter Settings

Click the Ethernet

And then select change setting of this Connection and click Internet
Protocol Version 4(TCP/IPv4) and click properties to assign the IP
Address
And select manual IP address to put the IP 192.168.10.10 and Subnet
255.255.255.0 then click ok
PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT 1

Using Cat6 or Cat5 to construction of Straight through LAN cable. State the
procedure in stepwise, provide the screenshot with explanation where
necessary.

PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT 2

Create a Small network with server and client computers assign an IP address to
server and client then ping the client from server to make sure is commutated
with each other. State the procedure in stepwise, provide the screenshot with
explanation where necessary.