M.P.

T GUIDELINES
1) GOALS OF THE COURSE
aduate student towards professlonal autonomy with self regulating
a. To prepare a po Stgr
dlsclpllne.
b. To form the base of professional practice by referral as well as first contact mode using
evidence based practices.
c. To Impart knowledge of research prlnclples In order to valldate techniques and technology
In practice of physiotherapy.
d. To acquaint a student with concept of quallty care at ~he Institutional as well as at the
community level.
e. To inculcate appropriate professional relationships In multl-dlsclpllnary set up, patient
management and co-partnership basis.
f. To prepare students to address problems related to health education and community
physiotherapy. .
g. T~ practice the concept of physiotherapy morals and e~hlcs of the profession.
h. ·To provide experience in clinical training and undergraduate teaching.
i. To prepare a postgraduate to be competent and provide quality services to the community.

2) NOMENCLATURE OF MPT DEGREE COURSES

The nomenclature of various MPT degree courses provided Is as follows:

a. MPT in Neurology.
b. MPT in Orthopaedics.
c. MPT in Cardiovascular &Pulmonary specialltes.
d. MPT in sports.

3) ENTRANCE TEST & COUNSELLING:

Applicants seeking admission to Master of Physiotherapy course of this university should

appear for the entrance test conducted by this university.

a. In the case of equality marks in the entrance test, the marks In BPT shall be taken Into
consideration for fixing the merit of the candidate. If entrance test marks and marks in BPT
are equal, elder in the age shall be taken Into consideration for fixing the merit of the
candidate.
b. No request for re-totaling or revaluation personal Identification of the answer scripts of the
entrance test shall be entertained.
c. CtJunseling for admission Into these programmes will be made on the basis of ranking
assigned in the entrance test.

1
 d. The selection committee has got a right to review the selections in case of errors,
misrepresentation or proud. Any decision of the selection committee shall be final and
binding.

4) DURATION OF THE COURSE:

The duration of Master of Physiotherapy course shall be two continuous years on full time
basis.

5) MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION:

English will be the medium of instruction for the subjects of study and for the examinations of
)

the MPT course.

6) COURSE OF STUDY:

Course of study: The course of study, subjects, and teaching schedule for first and second years
in shown separately in the following table

I Year
Table - I TEACHING·HOURS
S.NO. Paper Subject Theory Practical/ Total
Clinicals
1. I *Basic sciences. 180 hrs. 95 hrs. 275 hrs
2. II Biostatistics& Research 100 - 100
Methodology
3. Ill Physiotherapeuti c - I 75 75 150
4. IV Physiotherapeuti c - II 75 75 150
5. ** Journal clubs, seminars, case 150 150
presentation, special clinics
teaching, filed work etc.
6. Dissertation 50 50
7. Clinical trafning 550 550
Total 1425

*Basic sciences - Anatomy - Theory - 40 hrs, Practical - 35 hrs/ physiology theory - 40hrs,
practical - 35hrs//Biomecha nics - Theory - S0hrs, practical - 20hrs// Physiotherapy
education and practice- S0hrs.
** Journal club - 20hrs// seminars - lShrs// clinical presentations - 25hrs ( 25 cases)//
special clinics -10 hrs//field visits-30hrs(S-6 visits/years)// teaching UG students - 50 hrs.
 II year

Table - 11 TEACHING HOURS

S.NO. Paper Subject Theory Practica l I Total

---
Cllnlca ls
-- • Elective Basic 100hrs SO hrs
-·--
150 hrs
-
1
2
V
VI
- Elective
-- cllnlcal 100 so 150
-
conditions
3 VII Elective Assessment 100 100 200
and evaluation
4 Vtll Elective 100 100 200
physiotherapeutlc
Intervention
s Dissertation 100 100
6 Dissertation•• Journal Field 50 50
clubs, seminars, case
presentation, special
clinics teaching, filed
work etc.
7 Clinical training 550 550
Total 1500
*Elective basics theory - Anatomy :- 35hrs//physiology-35hrs//pathomechanics -
30hrs//Practicals//Clinical-Anatomy-20hrs//Physiology-20hrs//Pathomechanics-10hrs.
• • Journal club - 20hrs// seminars-15hrs//clinical presentations - 25hrs ( 25 cases) //
special clinics - lOhrs//field visits - 30 hrs ( 5-6 visits/years) teaching UG students- 50
hrs.

St METHOD OF l'RAINING:

The training of the student for MPT degree shall be on a full time pattern with graded
responsibilities in the management treatment of patient entrusted his/her care. Training should
include invo.lvement in laboratory, experimental work and research studies. The participation of
students in all facets of educational process in essential. Every candidate should take part in
seminars, group discussions, clinics, journal review meetings and other continuing education
activities. Ev,e,ry candidate should be required to participate in the teaching and training of
undergraduate students.

9) MONITORING PROGRESS OF STUDIES(internal monitoring):

It is essential to monitor the learning progress of each candidate through continuous appraisal and
regular assessment. It not only helps teachers to evaluate students, but also students to evaluate
themselves. The monitoring should be done by the staff of the department based on participation
of students in various teaching// learning activities. It may be structured and assessment is done
- using checklists that assess various aspects·. Medal checklists are given in table Ill to IX at the end'
of the syllabus.

3
 · t · log book and record his/her participation in the training
k E ndidate sha II main am a
Log Boo : very cda t d by the department such as journal review, seminars, etc.
programmes con uc e
. . b deof the presentations by the candidate as well as details of clinical or
Special mention may e ma
laboratory procedures, If any conducted by the candidate.

Periodic tests: The College may conduct two tests, one of them may be three months prio~ to
d ct f first year university exam and the second test may be three months before the final
:~:m~nat~on. The test may Include theory, practical / cllnlcal and viva voi~e i~ the pattern of
university examination. Records and marks obtained In such tests will be maintained by the head
ofthe department and sent to the university, by the principal when called for.

l0)ATTENDANCE:

A candidate is required to attend a minimum of 80% of training and the total classes conducted
during each academic year of the MPT course. Provided further, leave of any kind shall not be
counted as part of academic terms without prejudice to minimum 80% of training period every
year. Any student who fails to complete the course in this matter shall not be permitted to appear
for the university examinations with that batch.

'll)DISSERTATION:

Every candidate pursuing MPT degree course is required to carry out work on a selected research
project under the guidance of a recognized postgraduate teacher. The result of such a work shall
be submitted in the form of dissertation.

The dissertation is aimed to train a graduate student in research methods and techniques. It
includes identification of a problem, formulation of a hypothesis, search and review of literature,
getting acquainted with recent advances, designing a research study, collection of data critical
analysis, comparison of results and drawing conclusions.

Every candidate shall submit to the registrar (academic) of the university in the prescribed
proforma, a synopsis containing particulars of proposed dissertation work within six months from
the date of commencement of the course on or before the dates notified by the university. The
synopsis shall be sent through the proper channel.

Such _synopsi_s will b_e reviewed and the university will register the dissertation topic. No change in
the di_ssertat1_on topic or guide shall be made prior approval of the university.
The d1ssertat1on should be written under the following headings:

1) Introduction 7) Conclusion
2) Aims or objectives of study 8) Summary
3) Review of literature 9) References
4) Material and methods 10) Tables
5) ~esults 11) Annexure
6) Discussion

4
Guidelines:

1. The topic for dissertation should

be related to the specific specialty sele
cted for MPT
program me.
11. Dissertation should have word limi
t of 12,000 words, (10% either upper
accepted). or lower is
111. The number of words of the text sho
uld be mentioned at the end of the diss
IV. The written text of dissertation shall ertation.
not be less than 50 pages and shall not
pages excluding references, tables, que exceed 100
stionnaires and other annexure. It sho
neatly typed in double line spacing on uld be
one side of paper (A4 size, 8.27"*11.69
bound properly. ) and
V. The guide should certify the dissertation
.
VI. Four copies of dissertation thus
prepared shall be submitted to the
{examination), three months before fina registrar
l examination on or before the dates
the university. notified
Approval of dissertation work is an esse
ntial precondition for a candidate to
appear in the final university examinatio
n. The evaluator apart from the guide
which either is external outside the univ out of
ersity or other postgraduate college of
university shall valve the dissertation. this
12) GUIDE:

The academic qualification and teaching

experience required for recognition by
postgraduate teacher for guiding MPT can this university for
didates shall be:
1. MPT/M.Sc., (PT) with five years
teaching experience working on a full
recognized university. time position in
2. The age of teacher/guide shall not exc
eed 58 years.
3. The guide student ratio shall be 1:2
4. Notwithstanding above, in view of acu
te shortage of after MPT working on a
should be considered as PG teacher for full time basis
a period of thre e ( i.eup to 2006).
Co-Guide: May be included provided
the work requires substantial contrib
department or from another medical ution from a sister
university. recogniz ed pos tgra dua te teacher of any recognized

13) CHANGE OF GUIDE:

In ~he ev_ent of recognized guide leaving

the college for any reason or in the
guide, guide may be changed with prior event of death of
permission from the university.
l 4) READMISSION AFTER BREAK OF
STUDY:

If a st_ud_ent absents continuously for a peri

od of 91 days or more but less than one
permission to attend the course, his/her year an~ seeks
application shall be forwarded to the t rar_ w1th. th e
recomme nd ation of principal while per regiS
mitting the candidate to attend the cou
chancellor's approval. If the vice-chance rse pe nd '"g vice -
llor is satisfied of the reasons, he may
absence attaching such CQnditions as he grant leave of
may deem necessary.

5
 Candidates who are absent for continuous period of one year or more without permission
shall be deemed to have forfeited the admission to the course and his/her studentship shall stand
cancelled without any further notice. If a candidate wants to be readmitted after one year of
unauthorized absence, his application may be forwarded to the vice-chancellor, which will be
considered on Individual basis by the executive council of the university.

15) EXAMINATION PAITTRN

1•t YEAR
PAPER I : BASIC SCIENCES
PAPER II : BIOSTATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PAPER Ill: PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC - I
PAPER IV: PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC - II

2nd YEAR

PAPERV : ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOMECHANICS RELATED TO ELECTIVE.

PAPERVI : CLINICAL CONDITIONS - ELECTIVE
PAPER Vil: ASSESSEMENT AND EVALUATION-ELECTIVE
PAPER VIII: PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION - ELECTIVE
All the papers carry 100 marks and the duration for the exam is 3 hours.

Dissertation has to be submitted· 3 months prior to the commencement of the 2nd y·ear
university examination. Dissertation carries 100 marks

Practicals& Viva

The practical & viva examinations shall be conducted in the following subjects only.

1st YEAR

PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC-1 Practical -100 marks and orals -40 marks+ log book 10 marks-total - SO
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC-11 Practical -100 marks and orals - 40 marks + log book 10 marks - total -SO

2nd YEAR

PAPER VII: ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION - ELECTIVE

Assessment & Evaluation - Elective
Practicals - 100 marks
(Long case - 70 marks; time - 45 minutes)
Short case - 30 marks; time - 20 minutes)
Orals - 40 marks, log book - 10 marks, total - 50 marks

6
PAPER VIII PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVE
NTION - ELECTIVE
Assessment & Evaluation - Electiv
e
(Long case - 70 marks; time - 45
minutes)
Short case - 30 marks; time - 20
minutes)
Orals - 40 marks+ log book - 10
Dissertation - presentation and marks total -50)
orals - 100 marks (50 marks
presentation, 25 marks for orals). for written work,25 marks for

Model question paper pattern

for paper I
As the syllabus contains 4 dif
ferent subjects In paper I (Ba
weightage to all the 4 subjects, sic sciences), in order to giv
the following pattern in design e
ed
Essay: 4 essays carrying 20 marks
each 4x20 = 80
lone essay from each subject)
4 short notes carrying S marks
each
lone short note from each subjec
t) 4x5 = 20

100 marks
Model question paper patte
rn for paper II
As the syllabus contains
2 different subjects in
Methodology), in order to giv paper II (Biostatistics& Resea
e equal weightage to both the rch
designed · subjects, the following patter
n is
·
Part: A (Biostatistics)
1.1 Essay carrying 15 marks:
lx15 = 15
11.5 Short notes carrying 7 marks
: 5 x 7 = 35
Part: B (Research methodology)
1.1 Essay carrying 15 marks:
lxl S = 15
11.5 Short notes carrying 7 marks
: 5 x 7 = 35
Model question paper pattern
for paper Ill. IV. VI. VII & Vil
Each th eory paper carries 100 ma
rks
Essay: 3 essays carrying 20 marks . The division of marks is mentioned here under·
each 3 x 20 = 60
Short notes: 5 short notes carryin .
g 8 marks each 5 x 8 = 40

100 marks
Marks: (for all practical papers)
Practical
Viva 100 marks
Log book 40 marks
10 marks
(Total = 150 Marks)

7
Model que stion l}apeLPJlttam for poper V
As the syllabus oont 31ns 3 different sub)
ects In poper V (Electlve - Ana tom y, Phys
Pathomechanlcs). In order to give equ al iology,
wel8hloge to all the 3 subj ects , the follo
wing pattern Is
designed

Essay: 3 essays canylng 20 marks each 3 X 20 = 60

(One essay fron, each subject)
s short note s carrying 8 marks each
(Two short note s from Anatomy, two
4xS = 20
From physiology and one from
Pathomechanics) 100 marks
16) EXAMINERS (Prac:tlcal):
There shall be two examiners in each subject.
One of them shall be external from the othe
postgraduate institute affiliated or other out r
of the state postgraduate institute and the
be internal from the same college. othe r shall

All practicals will carry the marks as mention

ed below:
Pra ctic ai · 100 ma rks
Viva 40 ma rks
Log boo k 10 ma rks
(Total = 150 Marks)
Pat tern of que stio n pap er of bio stat isti
cs & Res ear ch methodology:
To spli t the bio stat isti cs and rese arc
h met hod olo gy of MPT-1 yea r into two
par ts (Part A- Bio stat isti cs 50 Ma rks
and Par t B Res ear ch Methodology 50
marks)
It is resolved to follow the pro pos al from
201 6-2 017 batc h adm issi ons . The pro
as follows: pos al is
Par t A (Biostatistics)-
! .1 ess ay car ryin g 15 mar ks: 1 x 15=
15
II . 5 Sho rt not es car ryin g 7 mar ks: 5x7
=35
Par t B (Research methodology)
I .1 ess ay car ryin g 15 mar ks: 1 x 15=
15
II . 5 Sho rt not es car ryin g 7 mar ks: Sx7
=35

8
17) COMMENCEMENT OF COURSE:

The course shall conll,,ence from 'l ''August of academic year

18) CRITERIA FOR DEClARING AS PASS IN UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION:

A candidate shall secure not less than 50% marks in each of theory, practical examination
(including clinical and oral) and dissertation. Acandidate securing less than 50% of marks
shall be
declared to have failed in the examination. Failed candidate can appear in any subsequ
ent
examination.
19) QASSFICATION OF RESULTS

• Second class - 50% and above but less than 65% of total marks.
• First class - 65% and above but less than 75% of total marks and having passed
the
examination first attempt.
• Distinction - 75% and above of total marks and having the examination in first attempt
.
20) PROMOTION RULES

A student has to clear first year papers before appearing for final year exams.

9
 SYLLABUS
PAPER-I
BASIC SCIENCES
BASIC ANATOMY

1. Anatomy of musculo-skeletal system, (Osteology

, Myology, Arthology)
2. Anatomy of cardio-pulmonary system (stru
cture of heart, structure of lung,
bronchopulmonary segments)
3. Anatomy of nervous system (Dermatom
es and myotomes, cerebrum and cerebral
hemispheres, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and its
connections, brain stem - mid brain, pons
medulla.
4. Structure of kidney
5. Structure of bladder

References:

• Gray anatomy,
• Derek: Anatomy, palpation and surgace mark
ing
• Sieg: Illustrated essentials of musculoskeleta
l anatomy
• Nigle: Anatomy and human movement
• Chaitow: Palpation skills assessment &diagnosis
through touch.
• Moffat: Anatomy & physiology for physiothe
rapists
• Textbook of anatomy by T.S.Ranganathan
• Textbook of anatomy & physiology by Tora Tora
• Textbook of anatomy by 8.0.Chaurasia
• Williams peter late: Gray's anatomy the anato
mical basis of medicine and surgery, 38
edi.1996.
• Anatomy and human movement-palastanga

BASIC PHYSIOLOGY

1. Physiology of musculo-skeletal system

2. Physiology of cardio-pulmonary system
3. Physiology of nervous system
4. Physiology of bladder and bowel

Reference:
• Kapandji: The physiology of the joints Vol.I&
II & Ill
• Moffat: Anatomy & Physiology for physiothe
rapists
• Robert : fundamentals of sensory physiology
•· Guyton: Text book of physiology
• Chatterjee: Textbook of physiology

10
BIOMECHANICS

1. Basic mechanics
2. Basic physical properties of bone, cartilage,
muscle, tendons, ligaments, joints.
3. Kinetics and kinematics of individual joints
of upper extremity, lower extremity, vertebral
column, ribs, pelvis .
Reference:
• Paul : Three-dimensional analysis of human
movement
• Charles: The neuroscience of human move
ment
• White & Punjabi: Clinical biomechanics of
spine
• Valdimir: Kinematics of human motion
• Hinkle : Fundamentals of anatomy and move
ment, a work book and guide
• Nigel : Anatomy and human movement
• Hamil : Biomechanical basis of human move
ment
• Palastanga : Anatomy and human movemen
t
• Hamil : Biomechanical basis of human move
ment
• Kapandji: The physiology of the joints Vol.I
& II &Ill
• Smidt: Gait in rehabilitation
• Edward: Biomechanics of spine stabilizatiq
n
• Adrian: Biomechanics of human movemen
t
• Rose : Human walking
• Peter: Biomechanics of sports & exercise
• Whiting : Biomechanics of musculoskeleta
l injury

PHYSIOTHERAPY EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

Physiotherapy Ethics:
1. Morals and ethics
2. Ethical issues in physiotherapy
3. Moral problems and the ethical analysis of
these problems
4. Indian association of physiotherapists - Rules
, regulations, framework, aims and objectives
.
Physiotherapy and law:
Med ico legal aspects of physiotherapy, liabil
ity, negligence, malpractice, licensure, work
compensation man's

Physiotherapy education:

1. Aims of physiotherapy education

2. Concepts of teaching and learning: a) Theo
ries of teaching b) relationship between teach
and learning c) psychology of education d) ing
motivational process of learning, perception,
individual difference, intelligence, personality
.
3. Principles and methods of teaching: a)
Strategies of teaching b) planning of teach
c)organization d)writing lesson plans e) audio ing
-visual aids f) teaching methods.
4. Guidance and counseling: Principles and
concepts, guidance and counseling service
students and faculty. of

11
Practical:

1. Design a currlct1lum for a basic physiotherapy programm

e
2. Prepare a lesson plan and conduct classes.
3. Construct a written objective type test for the lessons you
have taken.
4. Prepare a plan for evaluating the students.
s. Internal assessment tests In all topics
6. Lecture and seminars.

Reference:

• Catherene: Hand book of teaching for physical therapists.

• Barbara : Ethics in rehabilitation
• Joy: dinical reasoning in the health professions
• John: the use of counseling skills.

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Paper: Basic Science Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 100

Instructions to students: Answer all questions
Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary

I. Write long essays on a0 of the following 4x20 =80

A
B
C
D

II. Write short notes on all of the following

4x5 =20
A
B
C
D

•••

12
 PAPER- II
BIOSTATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

BIOSTATISTICS

Objectives
• Distinguish between quantitative and qualltatlve variables.
• Know how to summarize Information using mean, median, standard deviation, quartiles and
interquartile range.
• Understand the key concepts of probability
• Know when and how to use the binomial distribution
• Understand the central limit theorem
• Know when and how to use to distribution
• Calculate and interpret confidence intervals
• Understand the meaning of P-values in significance testing
• Learn use of chi square test
• Calculating and interpreting a correlation coefficient
•. Understand the concep,t of regression
.1. Introduction to statistics
2. Exploratory tools for univariate data
• Types of variables: quantitative and qualitative variables
• Simple plots for continuous variables - dot plots, st~m and leaf plots, histograms,
interpreting plots.
• Numerical summarizes for continuous variables - mean, mode, and standard deviation,
quartiles, percentiles interquartile range.
• Frequency tables
• Various types of graphs, obtaining praphs using statistical softwere's like excel, miritah, 5
plus.
3. Probabilities and proportion
• Introduction to probability and proportions
4. Discrete random variables
~ Binomial distribution
• Expected value for the mean and standard deviation
5. Continuous random variables:
• Normal distribution
• Obtaining normal distribution probabilities from tabular and statistical softwares
6. Sampling distribution of estimates:
• Parameters and estimates
• Sampling distribution of sample proportions
• Standard errors of differences
• Student's T-distribution

13
 7

7. Confidence intervals:
• Confidence intervals for mean
• Confidence intervals for proportions
• Confidence intervals for difference between mean
• Confidence intervals for difference between proportions
• Obtaining confidence intervals using statlstical software llke excel, mlnltah , Spuls
8. Significance testing
• Difference between tests and intervals
• Types of hypothesis - research hypothesis, Null hypothesis, - t test and p values.
• Distinction between statistical and clinical significance.
9. Tables of counts:
• One dimensional table: Chi-square test for goodness of fit, tables for the chisquare
distribution.
• Two - way tables of counts - chi-square test of homogeneity, chi square test of
independence 2 x 2 tabler, validity of chi square test.
• Performing chi-square test using statistical software like excel, minitah, S plus
10. Data on a continuous variable:
• One way analysis of variance and the f-te:;t
• The t-test and analysis of variance table
11. Relationship between quantitative variables: Regression and correlation :
• Correlation versus regression
• Relationship modeling: the straight line, exponential curve. .
• Inference for the simple linear model - inference about slope and intercept, regression
model and prediction, model checking.
• Correlation and association: Two regression line, correlation co-efficient.

14
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Objectives

• To become familiar with the importance of research in physiotherapy

• To understand the conceptual, empirical and interpretive phases of research
• To develop the skill needed to read published research critically. To develop the skills to
write research reports

INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

• The importance of research in physiotherapy, physiotherapy research: Past, present and

future. Paradigms: The positivist paradigm and the naturalistic paradigm.
• Ethical considerations in physiotherapy research. Introduction to the conceptual, empirical
and interpretive quantitative and qualitative Research: phases of research.

CONCEPTUAL PHASE

1. Formulation of the problem: Basic terms relating to research problems. Development and
refinement of research problems.
• Communicating the research problem, purpose and questions.
2. Concepts and variables: Phenomena, co,ncepts and constructs.
•
Theory variables: Dependent variables and independent variables, operational
definitions of variables.
3. Literature review and theoretical basis :
• Purpose and use of literature review, locating relevant literature for a review use of
electronic database like medicine, CINAHAL, ALT HEALTHWATCH etc. Preparing
written literature reviews.
•
Reading and using existing research reviews.
•
Theories, models and frameworks.
4. Hypothesis: function of hypothesis in quantitative research.
•
Types of hypothesis. Characteristics of testable hypothesis.
• Wording of the hypothesis. Brief introduction to hypothesis testing.
EMPIRICAL/CONDUCTION PHASE

1. Research Design:

• Quan~itative research designs: Experimental research: characteristics of

exper~ments, basic designs, factorial design, repeated measures designs, advantages
and disadvantages of experiments.
• Qu~si experimental research: Non equivalent control group design, time series
desrgn, advantages and disadvantages of quari experiments.
• Non experimental

15
 2. Research: co relational research, advantages and disadvantages of non experimental research.
• Research design and the time dimension: Cross-sectional designs, longitudinal designs.
• Specific types of quantitative research: Surveys, evaluations, and outcomes research.
• Techniques of research control.
• What is research control? Controlllng extrinsic and Intrinsic factors
• Qualitative research designs: Distinction between quantitative and qualitative designs.
• Qualitative research traditions: Brief overview of ethnography, phenomenology and
grounded theory.
• Brief overview of qualitative and quantitative approaches.

3. Population and sample:

Populations: Target population, accessible population.
• Sampling rationale.
• Nonprobability sampling: Convenience sampling, quota sampling, purposive sampling,
advantages and disadvantages of nonprobability sampling.
• Probability sampling: Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster
sampling, systematic sampling, advantages and disadvantages of probability sampling.
.• Sample size in quantit.ative studies.
• Sampling in qualitative research - logic type and size
4. Internal and external validity in quantitative research :
• What is internal validity?
Thre~ts to internal validity: History, selection maturation, m?rtality, testing, instrumentation.
• What is external validity?
Threats to external validity: Hawthorne effect, experimenter and measurement effect, novelty
effect.
5. Collection of data:
• Data collection methods: Self-reports: Interviews, questionnaires, scales, advantages and
disadvantages of self report methods.
• Observational methods - structured and unstructured observational methods, advantages
and disadvantages of observational methods.
• Biophysiologic measures: In vivo measures, in vitro measures, advantages and
disadvantages of biophysiologic measures.
• Measurement and assessment of quantitative data
• Measurement: Errors of measurement.
• Readability of measuring instrument: stability, internal consistency, and equivalence.
• Validity of measuring instruments: content validity, criterion related validity, construct
validity.
• Assessment of qualitative data: Credibility: Prolonged engagement and persistent
observation, triangulation, peer debriefing and member cheeks, searching for disconfirming
evidence.
• Dependability
• Conformability
. • Transferability

16
6. Research data and Analysis :
• Analysis of quantitative data: Descriptive statistics: Frequency distributions, central
tendency, variability, bivariate descriptive statistics - contingency ta bier and correlation.
• Inferential statistics: sampling distributions hypothesis testing, type I and II errors, level of
significance, statistical significance, parametric and nonparametric tests, t-test, Anova chi
squared test, correlation co-efficient, regression, ANCOVA.
Note:

In this part of the course, the emphasis will be on application and interpretation of the tests
rather than computation.
Analysis of qualitative data: General consideration is qualitative analysis.
• Qualitative data management and organization - categorization, coding.
• Overview of grounded theory analysis, phenomenological analysis.

INTERPRETIVE PHASE

Discussion and conclusion: Interpreting quantitative results: Interpreting hypothesized

significant results, interpreting nonsignificant results, interpreting unhypothesised significant
results, interpreting mixed results. .
• Interpreting qualitative results.

CRITIQUING PUBLISHED RESEARCH

• Need for critiquing research
• Guidelines for critiquing research

WRITING RESEARCH FOR PUBLICATION

• Guidelines for writing research - Title, Abstract, introduction, literature review,
methodology, results, discussion, referencing documenting and structuring paper in social
sciences using the American psychological association (APA) style guide (can be downloaded
from http://www.apastyleguide.org) plagiarism and copyright laws.

Reference:
• Carolin hicks research for physiotherapist
• Methods in biostatics B.K.Mahaja
• John: Statistics a guide for therapists
• Jan: basic statistics for health care research
• Barbara: statistical methods for healthcare research
• Darlene: Documenting functional outcomes in physical therapy
• Diana: Research for health professionals
• Mitchell: Clinical research for health professionals

17
 PAPER- Ill
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC- I
(Electrotherapy and Its recent advance s Including electro physiology)
ELECTROTHERAPY AND ITS RECENT ADVANCES

At Masters level, student should have In depth knowledge of the electrotherapy modalities
their configuration, instrumentation, and the prlnclples on which the machine works (physics), the
clinical implications ( Selection of dosage, techniques, Indications, contraindications, methods of
application, precaution, advantages, disadvantages, dangers, therapeutic effects, physiological
effects~ uses) and sound rationale for selecting a particular modality In a specific condition, able to
justify how the modality selected is suitable for the particular condition.

• Additionally, student should update with the latest development with regard to electro
modality by critically reviewing the journals. ( In practical and orals, a candidate will be
asked questions with regard to recent advances and evidence that he/she has reviewed the
journals. In orals, examiner should have discussions with regard to recent advances).

Short wave diathermy pulsed Electronic traction

And continuous lontophoresis
Microwave diathermy pulsed lnterferential therapy
And continuous. Trancutaneous electrical nerve -
Ultraviolet therapy Stimulation
Infrared radiation Electrical stimulation - Faradic
Lase.r therapy Galvanic
Paraffin wax bath Dynamic currents
Cryotherapy Continuous passive motion
Moist heat therapy Fluidotherapy
Contrast bath Biofeed back

ELECTRO PHYSIOLOGY

• Excitable tissue - Nerve

Excitation and conduction
Measurement of electrical events
Ionic basis of exdtation and conduction
Physiologic basis of nerve conduction tests .
• Excitable tissue - Muscle
1. Skeletal muscle : Electrical phenomena and ionic fluxes, contractile responses, physiological
basis of electromyelogram (EMG)
2. Cardiac muscle : Electrical properties, electro cardio gram (ECG), and physiological basis of
ECG .
. 3. Smooth muscle : Electrical properties
• Electrical events at synapse, chemical transmission of synaptic activity.
• Electrical and ionic events in receptors
• Electrical activity of the brain
19
 • Electroencephalogram (EEG)- Physiological basis
• Physiology of pain

1. History of clinical neurophysiology

2. An Introduction to electro diagnostic slgnals and their measurements
3. Nerve conduction study
3.1 Principles of nerve conduction study
3.2 Median nerve
3.3 Ulnar nerve
3.4 Radlal nerve
3.5 Brachia! plexus
3.6 Cervical radlculopathy
3.7 Lumbar plexus and Its terminal branches
3.8 Sacral plexus and Its terminal branches
3.9 Lumbosacral radlculopathy
3.10 Anamolus innervations of the extremities
3.11 Nerve conduction of nonlimb nerves
3.12 Late responses
3.13 Autonomic nervous system testing
4. Electromyography
4.1 Introduction to electromyography
4.2 Techn.ique of electromyography
5. Clinical application of electromyography and nerve conduction
5.1 Electromyographic findings in neurological disorders
5.2 Nerve conduction and EMG studies in polyneuropathies
6. Repetitive nerve stimulation
7. Single fiber and macro electromyography
8. Visual evoked potential
9. Brainstem auditory evoked potential
10. Somatosensory evoked potentials
11. Motor evoked potential

Reference:
• Low and reed : Electrotherapy explained
• Nelson: clinical electrotherapy
• Calytons : electrotherapy
• Kimura: electro diagnosis in disease of nerve and muscle
• Kerb: biofeedback
• Josph Khan: Electrotherapy explained
• Melacker and wall: Text book of pain
• Prentice: Therapeutic modalities and sports medicine
• Benadette: physical agents a comprehensive test for physical therapists

20
 PAPER-IV
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC - II
(Exercise therapy and Its recent advance Including exercise physiology)
EXERCISE THERAPY AND ITS'S RECENT ADVANCES

At Master level, student should have In depth knowledge of the exercise therapy,the use of
exercises in various population group and sound rationales for selecting a particular exercise in a
specific condition, able to justify how the selected exercise Is suitable for the particular
condition,the effect and use of exercise. ·

Additionally, student should update with the latest development with regard to exercise
therapy by critically reviewing the journals.

(In practical and orals, a candidate will be asked questions with regard to recent advances
and evidence that he/she reviewed the journals. In orals, examiner should have discussions with
regard to recent advances).

1. Starting positions, derived positions

2. Movements - passive (relaxed passive movements, mobilization techniques, manipulation
\echniques of upper extremity, lower extremity and spipe) active movements.
3. Resisted exercises - progressive resisted exercises
4. Aerobic and anaerobic exercises
5. Manual muscle testing
6. Joint mobility
7. Goniometry
8. Suspension
9. Mobility aids
10. Relaxation techniques
11. Functional re-education, transfer techniques
12. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
13. Swiss balls/ physio balls
14. Gait training
15. Posture
16. Strengthening techniques
17. Endurance techniques
18. Power
19. Isometric, isotonic exercises for the whole body
20. Stretching techniques
21. Hydrotherapy
22. Breathing exercises including postural drainage
23. Exercise therapy- equipment

22
 I) Shoulder wheel, ladder, shoulder moblllser, shoulder pulleys (overhe
ad, over door, wall
mounted), elbow mobiliser, pronatlon - suplnatlon board, suplna
tlon pronation
coordinator, wrist mobiliser, hand hynamometer, pinch dynam
ometer, wrist
circumdutor, hand gym board for fingers and thumb .
II) Multiple exerciser
Ill) Cycle ergometer
IV) Tread mill - computerized, motorized, manual
V) Stepper
VI) Twister
VII) Ramp for gait training, stair case training
VIII) Rowing machine
IX) Thera bands
X) Pedo cycle
XI) Tilting table
XII) Peg board
XIII) Re-education board
XIV) Quadriceps board
XV) Multipurpose cervical chair.
The student should be acquail'lted with the above menlioned
exercise therapy"
equipment and any other latest equipment developed.

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

1. Nutrition:
a) The bases for human performance
b) Carbohydrates
c) Lipids & proteins
d) Vitamins
e) Minerals and water
f) Optimal nutrition for exercise

2. Energy for physical activity:

a) Energy value of food,
b) Introduction to energy transfer, energy transfer in the body - phosph
ate bond energy,
energy released from food.
c} Energy transfer in exercise
d) Measurement of human energy expenditure
e) Human energy expenditure during rest and physical activity
f} Energy expenditure during walking, jogging, running, and swimming
g) Individual differences and measurement of energy capacities.

3. System of energy delivery and utilization : The cardiovascular

system, cardiovascular
regulation ijnd integration, functional capacity of cardiovascular sy:stem
.

4. Dynamic of pulmonary ventilation : Regulation of pulmonary

ventilation, pulmonary
ventilation during exercise, acid-base regulation.

23
 s. The endocrine system: Organization, acute and chronic response to exercise

6. Enhancement of energy capacity :

a) Training for anaerobic and aerobic power
b) Muscular strength: Training muscles to become stronger - strength measurement and
resistance training, structural and functional adaptations to resistance training.
c) Special aids to exercise training and performance.
7. Exercise performance and environmental stress
a) Exercise at medium and high attitude
b) Exercise and thermal stress - mechanism of thermo regulation, thermoregulation and
environmental stress during exercise.
c) Sport diving
d) Micro gravity: the cost frontier
8. Body composition, energy balance and weight control
9. Body composition assessment, physique, performance, and physical activity, overweight,
obesity and weight control.
10. Exercise, successful aging and disease prevention
11. Physical activity, health, aging.
a) Physical activity in the population
b) Aging and physiologic function
c) Physical activity, health and longevity
d) Coronary heart disease
12. Clinical exercise physiology for cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation.

Reference:

• Axen: illustrated principles of exercise physiology

• Katch: exercise physiology, energy nutrition, and human performance
• Frank: exercise physiology for health care professionals
• Kisner: therapeutic exercise foundation & technique
• Denagardener: exercise therapy
• Basmajian: therapeutic exercises
• Kaltenbore: mobilization of joints
• Brunnstrorm: movement therapy
• Lamb: physiology of exercises

24
 UlCIMI
MPT In ORTHOPAEDICS
PAPllt - V
~AmMY AND PHntQLQQ_YAND PATHQMECHANICS

1. Emb')-olo&kal development of musculoskeleta l system

2. ~ : Structure of bone, osslflcatlon of bones, skull bones, ftel11 bones, tx>Ms of
u~t e~lty. lower extremity, pelvis, vertebral column, ribs.
3. Myolocy: Structure of muscle, types of muscles, muscle fibers, origin, insertion, action,
M4'W ~ty of musdes of face, upper extremity, lower extremity, trunk.
4- Am-rologv: Structure of joint, types of joints, detailed structure and formation of all the
join~. N~robiology of joint
s. Neurology: Peripheral nerves, dermatomes and myotomes, physiology: Joint physiok>gy
(movements), muscte physiology Pathomechanics of fracture, deformed joints

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Specialization: Orthopaedics Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 100

'Paper-.AnatDlny, Physiology and Pathomechanics

lnslructions tD students: Anwler all questions

· Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary

t Write long essays on all of the following 3x20=60

A
I
C

II. Write short notes on all of the following 5x8=40

A
I
C
D
E

•••

26
 MPT In ORTHOPAEDICS
PAPER-VII
ASSESSMENT & EVALUATION

Principles and concepts

Patient history, observation,
Examination.
Principles, scanning examination, examination of specific joints, functional
assessment, special test, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, Joint play movements palpation,
diagnostic imaging.
1. Head and face
Patient history, observation
Examination : examination of head, examination of the face, examination of the eye,
examination of the nose, examination of the teeth, examination of the ear, special tests,
reflexes and cutaneous distribution, joint play movements, palpation, diagnostic imaging.
2. Cervical spine
Patient history, observation
Examination: Active movements, passive movements, resisted isometric movements.
Peripheral joint scanning examination, myotomes, functional assessment, special test,
reflexes and cutaneous distribution, joint play movements, palpation, diagnostic imaging
3. Temporoinandibular joint
Patient history, observation
Examination : active movements, passive movements, resisted isometric movements,
functional assessment, special tests, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, joint play
movements, palpation, and diagnostic imaging.
4. Shoulder
Patient history, observation
Examination: Active movement, passive movements, resisted isometric movements,
functional assessment, special tests, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, joint play
movements, palpation, and diagnostic imaging.
5. Elbow
Patient history, observation
Examination: Active movement, passive movements, resisted Isometric movements,
functional assessments, special tests, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, joint play
movements, palpation, and diagnostic imaging
6. Forearm, wrist and hand
Patient history
Observation: Common hand and finger deformities other physical findings.
Patient history, observation
Examination: Active movement, passive movements, resisted isometric movements,
functional assessment, special tests, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, joint play
movements, palpation and diagnostic imaging.
7. Thoracic (Dorsal)spine
Patient history, observation
Kypohsis, scoliosis, breathing, chest deformities
Patient history, observation
Examination: Active movement, passive movements, resisted isometric movements,
functional, assessment special tests, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, joint play
movements, palpation, and diagnostic imaging.

29
8. Lumbar spin
Patient history, observation
ic movements, functional
Examination: Active movement, passive movements, resisted Isometr
movements, palpation,
assessment, special tests, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, Joint play
and diagnostic imaging.
9. Pelvis
Patient history, observation
ic movements, functional
Examination: Active movement, passive movements, resisted Isometr
movements, palpation,
assessment, special tests, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, Joint play
and diagnostic imaging.
10. Hip
Patient history, observation
ic movements, functional
Examination: Active movement, passive movements, resisted isometr
movements, palpation,
assessment, special tests, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, joint play
and diagnostic imaging.
11. Knee
Patient history, observation
ic movements, functional
Examination: Active movement, passive movements, resisted isometr
movements palpation,
assessment, special tests, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, joint play
and diagnostic imaging.
12. Lower leg, ankle and foot
Patient history, observation·
ic movements, functional
Examination: Active movement, passive movements, resisted isometr
play movements, palpation,
assessment, special tests, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, joint
and diagnostic imaging.
13. Assessment of gait
normal gait normal
Normal patterns of gait stance phase, swing phase, joint motion during
shift, vertical pelvic
parameters of gait: Base width, step length, stride length, lateral pelvic
shift, pelvic rotation, center of gravity, normal cadence
Overview and patient history
Observation: foot wear
Examination: Locomotion score, compensatory mechanisms
ataxic gait, contracture
Abnormal gait: Antalgic (painful) gait, arthrogenic (stiff hip or knee) gait,
's) gait hemiplegic or
gaits, equines gait, gluteus maximus gait, gluteus medius (Trendelenburg
eps gait, scissor gait,
hemiparatic gait, Parkinson gait, plantar flexor gait, psoatic limp, quadric
short leg gait, steppage or drop foot gait.
14. Assessment of posture
Postural development: factors affecting posture, causes of poor posture
Common spinal deformities: Lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis
Patient history
examination
Observation: standing, forward flexion, sitting, supine lying, prone lying
15. Assessment of the amputee
Levels of amputation
Patient history, observation,
ents, passive movements
Examination: Measurements related to amputation, active movem
psychological testing,
resisted isometric movements, functional assessment, sensation testing,
palpation and diagnostic imaging.
•
16. Assessment & evaluation of pair;i.
learn assessment and evaluation in the following clinical
Apart from the above student is expected to
conditions (Pre operative & post operative)

30
Ergonomics:
PART - I: OVERVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

01. Ergonomics and theory: An Introduc tion

02. A Client - Centered framewo rk for therapists In ergonomics.

PART- II: KNOWLEDGE, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES

03. Anthropometry
04. Basic biomechanics
OS. Cognitive workload and the organization of mental space
06. Psychosocial factors in work-rela ted musculoskeletal disorders
07. Environmental design ·
08. Human factors in medical rehabilita tion equipme nt: product developm ent and usability
testing.

PART- Ill SPEOAL CONSIDERATIONS

09. lifting analysis

10. Seating
11. Computers and assistive technology

PART- fV: APPLICATIONS PROCESS

12 Applied ergonomics in injury ~revention and disability management

13. Evidence based practice
14. Certification in ergonomics
15. Marketing

32
 CLINICAL CONDITIONS

I) Fractures and dislocations

carpal bones,
a) Upper limb: fracture of clavicle, scapula, humerus, forearm bones,
dlslocation
metacarpal bones, and phalanx. Shoulder dlslocatlon, elbow dlslocatlon,
al joint of
of radius, dislocatlon of radio-ulnar joint, dlslocatlon of carpometacarp
thumb.
metararsal,
b) Lower limb: Fracture of pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, flbula, tarsal bones,
and phalanx. Dlslocatlon of hip, patella, knee ankle, sub-talar joint.
c) Spine: Fractures and disloatlon/subluxatlon of vertebrae.
ations &
d) Skull bones and ribs ( with emphasis made to post trauma tic complic
preventive measures)
II) Amputation
Ill) Sprains and strains: Injuries of soft tissue of body.
lic, arthritis
IV) Disease of joints: Infective, rheumatoid, degenerative, neuropathic, metabo
in systemic disorders, miscellaneous, periarthritis.
V) Deformities : of upper limb, lower limb and spine
litis.
VI) Arthopathies: Spondylitis, spondylolisthesis, spondylosis, anklyosing spondy
VII) Metabolic diseases of bones, osteopenia, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis.
VIII) Tumors of bones and joints
IX) Infectious disorders ot' bones and joints
X) Congenital disorders·
XI) Developmental disorders of bones
XII) Bony abnormalities secondary to endocrine disorders
_
XIII) Avascular necrosis of bone ar1d epiphyseal osteochondritis
cerebral palsy,
XIV) Disorders of bone & joint secondary to neurological conditions like
anterior poliomyelitis, leprosy, spinal cord injuries
multiple x
XV) Disorders of bone & joint secondary to muscular dystrophies, arthogryposis
congenital, fibro dysplasia progressive.
rib, thoraci c
XVI) Regional conditions of neck and upper limb brachia! neuralgia, cervical
of rotator cuff, deltoid
outlet syndrome, torticollis, supraspinatus syndromes, rupture
trigger thumb,
fibrosis, tennis elbow, ganglion, dequervain'sdesease, trigger finger,
carpal tunnel syndrome. Duputrens contracture.
XVII) Regionalconditons of spine & lower limb back ache, lambo sacral strain, fibrositis back,
th epiphyseolysis,
sacralistion of 5 lumbar vertebra, IVDP lumbar canal stenosis,
loose bodies
idiopathic chondrolysis of hip, quadriceps fibrosis, bursitis around the knee,
schlatter
in the knee, chondromalacia patella, plantar facitis, calcaneal spur, Osgood
disease, tarsal tunnel syndrome.
XVIII) Miscellaneous, perthes disease paget's disease, connective tissue disorders (SLE,
polymyositis, dermatomyositis, polyarteritis nodosa.
learn the latest
XIX) Bone, skin grafting/tendon transfer procedures, students is expected to
in orthope dic
developments in the assessment and evaluation protocols used
physiotherapy.

33
 MPT in ORTHOPAEDICS
PAPER-VIII
PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTIONS

Student should learn the physiotherapy interventions and recent advances in the physiotherapy
management of following conditions (preoperative& postoperative)
CLINICAL CONDITIONS
I) Fractures and dislocations
a) Upper limb: fracture of clavicle, scapula, humerus, forearm bones, carpal bones,
metacarpal bones, and phalanx. Shoulder dislocation, elbow dislocation, dislocation
of radius, dislocation of radio-ulnar joint, dislocation of carp metacarpal joint of
thumb.
b) Lower limb: Fracture of pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal,
and phalanx. Dislocation of hi, patella, knee, ankle, sub-talar joint.
c) Spine : Fractures and dislocation/subluxat ion of vertebrae.
d) Skull bones and ribs.
(with emphasis made to post traumatic complications & preventive measures)
II) Amputation
Ill) Sprains and strains: Injuries of soft tissue of body
IV) Disease of joints: Infective, rheumatoid, degenerative, neuropathic, metabolic, arthritis
in systemic 'disorders, miscellaneous, periarthritis. .
V) Deformities : of upper limb, lower limb and spine
VI) Plexus and peripheral nerve injuries
VII) Arthopathies: Spondylitis, spondyloesthesis, spondylosis, ankylosing spondylitis
'VIII) Metabolic diseases of bones, osteopenia, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis
IX) Tumors of bones and joints.
X) Infectious disorders of bones and joints
XI) Orogenital disorders
XII) Developmental disorders bones
XIII) Bony abnormalities secondary to endocrine disorders
XIV) Avascular necrosis of bone and epiphyseal osteochondritis
XV) Disorders of bone & joint secondary to neurological conditions like cerebral palsy,
anterior poliomyelitis, leprosy, spinal cord injuries.
XVI) Disorders of bone & joint secondary to muscular dystrophies, arthogryposis multiplex
congenital, fibre dysplasia progressive.
XVII) Regional conditions of neck and upper limb brachia! neuralgia, cervical rib, thoracic
outlet syndrome, torticollis, supraspinatus syndromes, rupture of rotator cuff, deltoid
fibrosis, tennis elbow, ganglion, dequervain's disease, trigger finger, trigger thumb,
carpal tunnel syndrome. Depuytrns contracture.
XVIII) Regional conditions of spine & lower limb
th
Back ache, lambo sacral strain, fibrositis back, sacralistion of 5 limbar vertebra IVDP
lumber canal stenosis, epiphyseolysis, idiopathic chondrolysis of hip, quadricep~ fibr~sis,
bursitis around the knee loose bodies in the knee, chondromalacia patella, plantar
facitis, calcaneal spur, Osgood schlatter disease, tarsal tunnel syndrome.

34
 XIX) Miscellaneous
ve tissue disorder s (SLE, polvmvo sltls,
Perth es disease, paget' s disease, conn ecti
dermatomyosltls, polyarterltls nodosa) .
edures
XX) Bone, skin grafting/tendon transfer proc
tlc Interventions
Bums complications and physlotherapeu
f of pain
Physiotherapeutlc Interventions for relie
ld learn - basic concept of orthopaedic manual
Apart from the above student shou
es & corsets.
therapy, orthotics & prosthetics, spinal brac
R@ference:
the physical therapist
• Goodman: pathology implications for
nt kinesiology in dally living
• Barbara: muscles, nerves and moveme
• Karen: physiotherapy in orthopedics
therapist
• Loth: Orthopaedic review for physical
• Malone : Orthopaedics and sports
physical therapy
ation
• Brotzman: clinical orthopaedic rehabilit
• Magee: orthopaedic physical asse
ssment
ination
• Konin: special tests of orthopaedic exam
ent guide
• Loudon: coinicalorthopaedic assessm
nation
• Reider:. The orthopaedicphysical_exami
• Carol; Hematological physiotherapy
• Joan: Physical therapy in arthritis
• Frederic: Rheumatoid physiotherapy
tation 'Jessica: Human walking
• John. An atla~ of radiological interpre
• Tood: Knee ligament rehabilitation
closed management Vol-I & II
• Connolly: Fractures and dislocations
fractures
• Stanley: Treatment & rehabilitation of
• William: Total joint replace
edics,
• Anthony: a color atlas of clinical orthopa
rajan
• Textbook of orthopaedics by Dr.N.Nat
• System of orthopaedics by - Apley
• Oinical orthopaedics by Richardson
s of physiotherapist
• Jayanth Joshi - Textbook of orthopaedic
• Orthopaedic textbook by G.S.Kulkari
• Cash textbook of orthopaedics
• Orthopaedic assessment - magee
• Saunder's manual of physical therapy
• Low back pain-handbook herring
• Textbook of orthopaedicsabnezar
• Amputation and prosthetics may
• Musculo skeletal physiotherapy
- Robert donatelle
• Orthopaedicsof physical examination
• Orthopaedic examination - macre
• Old tidy's for physiotherapist
• Jenny pain a text book for therapis
t

35
 MPT in NEUROLOGY
PAPER-V
NEUROANATOMY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, PATHOMECHANICS
NEUROANATOMY:
and spinal cord
a) Introduction and organization of nervous system, normal development of brain
b) Neuro-biology of neurons and neuroglia
c) Coverings of the nervous system
d) Nerve fibres
e) Dermatomes and myotomes
f) Cerebrum and cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex
g) Cerebellum and its connections
h) Brain stem - mid brain, pons, medulla
i) Thalamus, hypothalamus - connections
j) Limbic system, reticular formation
k) Internal capsule, corpus striatum
I) Basal ganglia and its connections
m) Ventricular systems and CSF
n) Blood brain barrier
o) Spinal cord tracts- ascending, descending
p) Blood supply of CNS & peripheral nervous system, venous drainage of CNS
q) Peripheral nervous system
r) Autonomic nervous system
s) Cranial nerves and their nuclei
It is mandatory to see/ comprehend the dissected parts of the nervous system.
NEURO PHYSIOLOGY
Functions of all the organs mentioned below
a) Covering of the nervous system
b) Nerve fibers
c) Cerebrum and cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex
d) Cerebellum and its connections
e) Brain stem - mid brain, pons, medulla
f) Thalamus, hypothalamus - connections,
g) Limbic system, reticular formation
h) Internal capsule, corpus striatum
i) Basal ganglia and its connections
j) Ventricular systems and CSF
k) Blood brain barrier
I) Spinal cord tracts - ascending, descending
m) Peripheral nervous system
n) Autonomic nervous system
o) Cranial nerves and their nuclei
p) Motor control
q) Neural development of posture and gait.
r) Physiology of pain
s) Physiology of reflexes - normal and abnormal
t) Physiological basis of motor learning, recovery of functional motor control.

PATHOMECHANICS
The student should get well acquired with the pathomechanics of individual joints, gait and
posture related to neurological diseases.

37
 MPT In NEUROLOGY
PAPER -VI
CLINICAL CONDITON S

Causes, clinical features, Pathophyslology, general Investigation (blood test, serum, creatinine, CSF
analysis etc), Medical and surgical management of the below mentioned conditions.

• lntracranial neoplasams: Gllomas, menlnglomas, neuromas, angiomas, cranio-

pharyngiomas, pituitary adenomas, medical and surgical management.
• Pyogenic infections of CNS: Meningitis, brain abscess, tuberculosis, neurosyphilis.
• Viral infection of CNS: Poliomyelitis, viral encephalitis, substance sclerosing encephalitis,
AIDS
• Cerebra-vascular diseases: Stroke syndrome, ischeamic stroke, infarction, thrombo-embolic
stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischaemicattact, arterio-venous malformation of the
brain. Intra cranial hemorrhage .
• Metabolic disorders of the brain. Hypoxic encephalopathy, hypoglycemic encephalopathy,
hepatic encephalopathy.
• Degenerative diseases of the nervous system :
Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Progressive bu Ibar palsy,Alzheimer' s disease.
• Cerebral palsy
• Spinabifida
• Polyneuropathy: Post infective poly radiculo neuropathy ( Gullianbarrie syndrome), diabetic
neuropathy, hereditary sensory motor neuropathy.
• Disorders of spinal cord, compression of spinal cord, neoplasm· of the vertebral column,
Inter vertebral disc prolapse. Extra dural or epidural abscess.
• Syringomyelia, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis
• Peripheral nerve and plexus lesions
• Craniovertebral junction abnormalities
• Hydrocephalus
• Cerebellar lesions.

39
 MPT In NEUROLOGY
PAPER-VII
ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
nt familiarize with the assessment
The main objective of this paper Is to make the stude
d understand the use of various assessment
tools in neurological physiotherapy. The student shoul
lished reliability and validity and should be
tools to a specific donation. The tool should have estab
assessment tools should be criticallyanalysed
tested on a specific population group. The following
analyzed and reviewed. Any latest tools
and reviewed. Any latest tools should to critically
be critically discussed in the journal review
published in journals as research articles should also
meetings.
01. Measurement and assessment: what and why?
02. Classification of impairment, disability and handicap
03. How to choose a measure?
04. Measurement in practice
05. General neurological examination
06. Measures for use in neurological disability
Measures of cognitive impairment and disability:
i) Glasgow coma scale
ii) Child's come scale
iii) Endinburgh - 2 coma scale
ntration - memory test, dementia scale.
iv) Blessed dementia rating scales: Information - conce
Measure of motor impairment:
i) Motor club assessment
ii) Rivermead motor assessment
iii) Motricity index
iv) Trunk control test
v) Motor assessment scale
vi) Modified Ashworth scale for spasticity
vii) Isometric muscle strength
viii)Motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ix) Dynamometry.
Measures of focal disability
i) Standing balance
ii) Functional ambulation categories
iii) Hauser ambulation index
iv) Timed walking test
v) Rivermead mobility index
vi) Nine hole peg test
vii) Action research arm test
viii)Franchay arm test

41
Activities of daily living and extended ADL tests
i) Barthel AOL tests
ii) Katz AOL index
iii) Nottingham ten point ADL index
iv) Rivermead ADL scale
v) Northwick park index of independence in ADL
vi) Kenny self care evaluation
vii) Nottingham extended AOL index
viii)Franchay activity index
Global measures of disability
i) OPCS disability scale - severity categories
ii) Functional independence measure
iii) PULSE profile
Measures of handicap and quality of life
i) WHO handicap scale
ii) Rankin scale
iii) Glasgow outcome scale
iv) Quality of life - measure
v) Environmental assessment - non-standard
Multiple sclerosis
i) Kurtzke multiple sclerosis rating scale
ii) An illness severity score for multiple sclerosis
Stroke scales
i) Mathew stroke scale
ii) National institute of health stroke scale
iii)Candidan neurological scale
iv) Orgogozo score
v) Hemispheric stroke scale
vi) Clinical classification of stroke ( Bamford)
vii) Allen score for prognosis of stroke
viii)Guy's hospital score for haemorrhage
Head injury
i) Galveston orientation and amnesia test
ii) Rappaport disability rating scale
Parkinson's disease
Columbian rating scale
i) Parkinson's disease impairment index, disability index
ii) Hoehn and Yahr grades
iii) Unified parkinson's diseases rating scale version
Spinal cord injury
i) Frenkel's scale
ii) Motor index and sensory indices
iii) American spinal cord injury association assessment chart
Pain assessment & evaluation.
Investigation techniques: CT scans, MRI, X-ray, Nuclear imaging, EEG, NCV, EMG:EvQked potentials,
basic procedure, principles and interpretation of results in neurological conditions.
Assessment of posture, gait, co-ordination, voluntary control.

42
 MPT In NE UROLO GY
PAPER- VIII
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC
INTERVENTIONS
e knowledge of various
at m en t regime based on th
le to plan appr opria te tre
mentioned condition
s. Addltlonally
Student should be ab m m e for th e be low apy,
bjects learn ed durin g the two year progra he s /Ik e Bo ba th , ne urodevelopment ther
su /approac udent should
on special techniques ods approach etc. St
emphasis should be ra tio n, PN F, an d ro
ramme, sensory Integ therapeutic approach
es.
motor relearning prog ad va nc em en t In th e
rself with latest
also update himself/ he f of pain.
interventions for relie ntrol disorders .
• Phys iotherapeutic nt s wi th po stu ra l control, mobility co
agement of patie
• Physiotherapy man proach.
urological reha bi litation-neurofacilitation ap as , cr anio-pharyngiomas, pi
tuitary
• Ne om as , ne ur om
ams: Gliomas, meningi
• lntracranial neuplas t.
d surgical managemen yphilis.
adenomas. Medical an , Br ain ab sc es s, Tuberculosis, neuros
s of CNS: Men ingi tis phalitis,
• Pyogen ic infection al en ce ph ali tis, su bs tance sclerosing ence
vir
• Viral infections
of CNS: Poliomyelitis,
bolic
AIDS. isc he am ic str ok e in fraction, thrombo-em
me,
seases: Stroke syndro io-venous malformati
on of the
• Cerebro-vascular di ha em ic att ac k, arter
strolce, hemorrhagic
stroke, transient isc
hemorrhage. alopathy,
brain, Intra cranial ce ph alo pa th y, hy poglycemic enceph
rs of the brain: Hy
poxic en
• Metabolic disorde
hepatic encephalopa
thy. neuone disease,
ou s sy ste m : Pa rk in son's disease, motor
ases of the nerv 's disease.
• Degenerative dise is. Pr og re ssiv e bu lbar palsy, alzheimer
amyotrophic later al scleros
• Cerebral palsy
ian Barrie syndrome)
, diabetic
• Spina bifida ne ur op athy (Gull
infective poly radiculo
• Pofyneuropathy: post opathy.
y sensory motor neur vertebral column,
neuropathy, hereditar n of sp inal co rd, neoplasm of the
rd : Compr essio
• Disorders of spinal co Extra dural or epi dura
l abscess.
br al disc prola ps e.
inter verte gravis
go m yelia, m ul tip le sclerosis, myasthenia
• Syrin
n abnormalities.
• Craniovetebral junctio
• Hydrocephalus .
• Cerebellar lesions.
ation
• Oromotor rehabilit
• Vestibular rehabi
litation
neurological diseases.
• Stem cell therapy in

44
References: ysical therapist
Implications for the ph
• Goodman: Pathology y In dally living
scles, nerves and movement klneslolog
• Barbara: Mu
• Greame:
• Clinical neurology atment
disorders course & tre
• Brandt: neurological
nervous system
• Brains: Disease of the irment syndromes
y: Di ag no sis , tre at m ent of movement impa
• Shirle
rehabilitation
• Richard: Neurological
ysiotherapy
• Susan: Neurological ph
Helen: Neuroscience
of rehabilitation d press
•
ss me nt in ne urological rehabilitation, oxfor
• Wade: OT 1992, asse lems
er: Ma na ge me nt of peripheral nerve prob
• Om
habilitation
• Darcy: Neurological re pain
treatment of chronic
• Gerald: Evaluation & al palsy
and therapy in cerebr
• Alfred: Early diagnosi5 ent
ce of human movem
• Charles: the neuroscien
ury rehabilitation
• Mark: Traumatic brain inj
in neurology
• Michael: clinical skills
in neurology
• Fields: pain syndromes e
tion theory and practic
• Anne: Sensory integra application
Theory and Practical
• Anne: Motor Control
ok for therapist
• Jenny: Pain - a text bo l therapist
t: Ch ron ic Pa in ma nagement for physica
• Harrie oke
ing programme for str
• Janet: A motor relearn
neurological disorders
• Randolph: Prognosis of l 3rd edition 1996
: Ne uro An atomy Basic & Clinica
Fitzgera ld M. J.I us System
•
Ch .V an Huijzen: The human Central Nervo
• RnieuwenhysJ.Voogd
atomy 1976
• Netlers Atlas: Neuro An th Edition 1996
t Ca pe nte rs Hu ma n: Neuro Anatomy, 9
Andre EPa ren
• al students
Ri ch ard s Cl inica l Ne uroanatomy for medic
• Snell mpbell
Physical Therapy - Ca
• Pediatric Neurological
ysical therapy
• Saunders manual of ph
- Hoppenfield
• Orthopedic Neurology
l Rehabilitation
• JanerCarr.Neurologica
bool herring
• Low Back Pain - hand
urology
• Darse-textbook of Ne osis
gical differential diagn
• John Pattern: neurolo m
io/ogy of Motor Syste
• Fredericks: Pathophys

45
 MPT IN CARDIOVASCULAR & PULMONARY
PAPER-V
ANATOMY.PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOMECHANICS

1. Development of cardiovascular and pulmonary system

2. Anatomy &Pathology of Cardiopulmonary system
3. Vascular mechanics
4. Biomechanics of thoracic cage Normal & Diseased
5. Neural control of cardiovascular, pulmonary systems
6. Mechanics of breathing using lung compliance
7. Neural Control of airway resistance, control of breathing, matching of blood gas, systemic,
Coronary, pulmonary circulations
8. Mechanics and Mechanism of Respiratory muscles
9. Respiratory muscle blood flow
10. Determinants of respiratory muscle fatigue, respiratory function in disease,effect of
training programme on pulmonary function
11. Breathing mechanism in normal and diseased state
12. Autonomic mechanism in normal and diseased state
13. Cough reflex
14. Maintenance of blood pressure

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Specialization: <;ardiovascular & Pulmonary Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 100

Paper: Anatomy, Physiology and Pathomechanics

Instructions to students: Answer all questions

Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary

I. Write long essays on all of the following 3 x20 = 60

A
B
C

II. Write short notes on all of the following Sx8=40

A
B
C
D
E

•••

47
 MPT IN CARDIOVASCULAR & PULMONARY
PAPER-VI
CLINICAL CONDITIONS
slology, general Investigations (blood test,
Definitions, causes, clinical features, pathophy
management of the below mentioned
serum, creatinine etc ), Medical and surgical
condition,
• Neonates with respiratory diseases.
atal distress, Birth asphyxia, broncho
Pulmonary diseases in immature babies, neon
, Bronchial stenosis.
pulmonary dysphasia, Nickity Wilson syndrome
• Children with respiratory dysfunction.
l deficits, Pertusis.
COPD, Asthma, Cystic fibrosis, Immunologica
• Peripheral vascular disorders,
Arterial pathological conditions,
Venous patho_ logical conditions,
Lymphatic lung disorders
• Obstructive lung disorders
tasis, asthma , Cystic fibrosis ( early
COPD Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, Bronchiec
stages)
• Restrictive lung disorders.
• Congenital h1:!art diseases.
• Valvular heart disorders.
• Rheumatic heart disease.
• Diseases of the myocardium.
• Tumours of the heart and lung
• lschemic heart diseases
• Trauma to the chest.
d lung, Carcinoma of lung , pulmonary
Lung abscess, Broncho pneumonia, Destroye
embolism, interstitial lung diseases
• Occupational lung disorders
• Cardio pulmonary complications in burns
• Surgical conditions.
, Dicortication Window operation
Thoracoplasty, Empyema thoracis, Rib resection '
Omentoplasty.
• Surgeries
, vascular conditions and pulmonary
To thoracic wall, surgeries in Cardiac conditions
conditions.
ts on activity performance.
Cardiopulmonary medication and their effec

48
 MPT IN CARDIOVASCULAR & PULMONARY
PAPER -VII
EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT
MEASUREMENTS AND DOCUMENTATION
1. Measurements
Types of measurements . selecting measurements, performing measurements.
Interpreting measurements.
2. Documentation
Purpose of documentation, Types of documentation,
General guidelines for content and organization.
I ) objective information ii) subjective information iii) assessment , iv) plan V)
summary
HISTORY
History of illnmess , past medical history, present medical history, occupational
history, Social history, history of personal habits (smoking), family history,
physiotherapy treatment history.

GENERAL RESPIRATORY EVALUATION

History, chest examination
Components of chest examination
1. Inspection
a. Evaluation of general appearance, topographical anatomic land marks.
b. Specific evaluation of head and neck
c. Chest wall configuration,chest wall deformities.
d. Evaluation of unmoving chest
e. Evaluation of moving chest, Breathing pattern.
f. Anemia, Cyanosis, Clubbing, Respiratory pattern.
2. Auscultation
a. The stethoscope
b. Nomenclature & interpretation of breathe sounds
c. The examination technique.
d. Interpretation of examination
3. Palpation.
a. Evaluation of mediastenum and tracheal deviation.
b. Evaluation of chest wall expulsion
c. Evaluation of fremitus.
d. Evaluation of scalene muscles.
e. Evaluation of chest pain.
f. Evaluation of diaphragmatic movement
g. Evaluation of edema.
4. Mediate percussion .
a. Evaluation of lung density
b. Evaluation of diaphragmatic excursi~n .

50
LABORATORY EVALUATION:
a) Arterial blood gases, assessment of ocld-bose boloncc . Blood Gas Interpr etation, Factors
affecting arteria l blood gnses.
b) Pulse oxlmetry
c) Test s of ventilator function.
Pulmonary function t est s (PFT), splrometry. Dead space, lung volumes, lung capacities,
airflow measurements, t est s of forced expiration (PEFR), (F EV1) flow volume curves , flow volume
loops, dosing volume, airway closure, maximal voluntary ventilation, Guldellnes for Interpretation
of PFT. Diagnosis of restrictive and Obstructive lung diseases with the help of PFT.

• Exercise testing : 12 Minute walking test. Bergs PRE test

• CHEST RADIOGRAPHY
Principles of chest x-ray interpretation .
Guidelines for interpretation of abnormal chest radlograph.
• BACTERIOLOGICAL AND CYTOLOGICAL TESTS
Clinical significance and test results
• MULTISYSTEM ASSESSMENT AND LABORATORY INVESTIAGATIONS
ELEMENTS
Blood , pulmonary function , cardiac function, peripheral vascular function, kidney function,
endocrine function , Pancr~atic function, immunolog_ical function.

II.CARDIOVASCULAR
Inspection: Chest Wall Deformities, Respiratory Pattern, cyanosis, Clubbing
Palpation: Edema
Ausa,ltation:
a. The stethoscope.
b. Nomenclature & interpretation of heart sounds.
c. The examination technique
d. Gallops and murmurs.
Electrocardiogram:
Leads, Tracing& Recording the ECG, Evaluating ECG Scripts, Interpreting normal ECG.
Examination of heart rate, evaluation of rhythms. Interpreting abnormal ECG findings
related to cardiac problems. ECG stress testing.

1. Evaluation of a patient with Coronary Artery Disease

2. Review of medical records and extraction of patient data
3. Interview and examination of patient
4. Preliminary assessment of clinical status
5. Determination of candidacy for further evaluation
6. Evaluation of functional activities.
7. Evaluation of activities of daily living
8. Monitored ambulation
9. Low Level Exercise Test
10. De~i~itive assessment regarding candidacy for exercise therapy
11. lnd1v1dually monitored aerobic exercises and strengthening program
12. Maximal exercise test
13. Additional invasive and noninvasive testing
14. Serum lipid profile

51
15. Evaluation of monito red job stimulation
• Low Level Exercise Testing
Purpose, Contra-indications, Termination points
• Maximal Exercise Testing
ions and
Purpose, Guidelines, Exercise Test Protocols, Contraindicat
tions from
precautions, Criteria for termin ation of test, Prognostic implica
endatio n based on
exercise testing, exercise prescription and activity recomm
e test result.
maximal exercise test results, interpr etation of maxim al exercis
in evalua tion
• Exercise Tolerance Test or Stress test METS and their use
• EVALUATION OF PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISORDERS
A. Arterial Evaluation
8. Venous Evaluation
C. Lymphatic Evaluation
• CARDIOPULMONARY EVALUATION IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
DENT PATIENT.
• CARDIOPULMONARY EVALUATION OF VENTILATORY DEPEN
rature, Blood
Respiratory rate ,respir atory pattern ,pulse rate, Tempe
ge and fluid
Pressure. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance; Chest Tube Draina
monito ring, Intra-a rterial
collection system. Arterial blood gas analysis. ECG
e, Centra l
lines, Pulmonary artery balloon flotatio n cathete r, lntrave nouslin
lsation s;
Venous Pleasure, lnt~a aortic balloon Counte r pulsati ons, lntraPu
.
Electroencephalogram.
• SPECIAL TESTS:
scans,
Cardiac scans PET scans, infarct avid scans , Pulmo nary
raphy,
Perfusion scan , Ventila tion Scan , ECHO Cardiography, Angiog
Interpr etation of results.
• Physiotherapy evaluation of Respiratory conditi ons.
• Physiotherapy Evaluation of Cardiac conditi ons.
• Pre Operative evaluation of pulmon ary surgeries
• Post Operative evaluation of Pulmonary surgeries
• Pre Operative evaluation of Cardiac Surgeries
• Post Operative evaluation of Cardiac Surgeries
develo pment s in
. Apa~ from the_ above studen t is expected to know the latest
physiotherapy evaluation of card1orespiratory conditions.
s.
• Clinical _meas~res of cardior espirat ory fitness in cancer patient
loskeletal,
• Evaluat_1on of cancer complication like lymphe dema, muscu
neurog1cal, cardio respiratory.
• · Exercise and cancer related fatigue and its evalua tion.

52
 .MPT INCARDIOVASC ULAR & PULMONARY
PAPER- VIII
PHYSIOTHER APY INTE RVENTIONS

• Artifi cial respiration

• Exercise planning and prescription
techniques
• Cardio Pulmonary resuscitation, procedures and
• Effects to chest physiotherapy
• Adjuncts to chest physiotherapy
physiotherapy
• Physiotherapy techniques in relation with chest
• Pediatric cardiopulmonary physiotherapy
gement
• Vascular defects of heart and postoperative mana
• Risk factors in cardiopulmonary disorders
management
• Cardiopulmonary complications and physiotherapy
management
• Prescription of postoperative and physiotherapy
• Physiotherapeutic interventions for relief of pain

Apart from the above

entions and recent advances in the

Student should° learn the physiotherapy interv
physiotherapy management of following conditions
(preoperative and Postoperative)
• Neonates with respiratory diseases
atal distress, Birth asphyxia, 13roncho
Pulmonary disease in · immature babies, Neon
Bronchial stenosis.
pulmonary dysphasia, Nickity Wilson syndrome,
• Children with respiratory dysfunction
s, Pertusis
COPD, Asthma, CysticFibrosis, lmmunologicaldeficit
• Peripheral Vascular Disorders,
Arterial Pathological Conditions,
Venous Pathological Conditions,
lymphatic Pathologic Conditions.
• Obstructive lung Disorders
tasis, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis(early Stages)
COPD, Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, Bronchiec
• Restrictive lung Disorders
Cystic Fibrosis
• Infectious Lung Disorders
• Congenital Heart Diseases
• Valvular Heart Disorders
• Rheumatic Heart Disease
• Diseases of the myocardium
• Tumours of the heart and lung
• lschaemic heart diseases
• Trauma to the chest

54
 MPT IN SPORTS MEDICINE
PAPER-VI
CLINICAL CONDITIONS

Student is expected to learn common causes, mechanism, pathophyslology, signs, symptoms,

medical and surgical treatments of following sports related Injuries and also should know the
recent advances in the surgical, medical management of sports related Injuries.

► Epiphyseal Injuries:
Classification, Complications and prognosis of epiphyseal injuries, Osgood Schlatter disease,
Traction epiphysis's, tendonitis at the insertion of patellar tendon, complete avulsion of the
epiphysis of the tibial tubercle shoulder - contributing risk factors - intrinsic factors,
extrinsic factors.
► Shoulder girdle Injuries:
Injuries to the sternoclavicular joint - Sprains, dislocations Scapulothoracic Joint lesions,
Acromioclavicular joint sprains, anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint, recurrent
anterior dislocation of the shoulder, posterior dislocation of shoulder, Thoracic outlet
syndrome, Painful arc, Rotator cuff injuries, Impingement syndromes,
Glendid Labrum Lesions
► Elbow Joint injuries:
Olecranon Bursitis, Valgus extension overload, elbow, Ulnar Nerve Lesions, Ulnar & Radial
Collateral ligament sprains, Contusions and Strains, Dislocations, Osteochondritiesdissicans,
Little leagures Elbow, Problems resulting from throwing - medial lesions, lateral lesions,
posterior lesions
► Elbow injuries for Tennis:
Epicondylities, Incidence, Pathology, Mechanism of injury
► Wrist and Hand Injuries:
Colle's fracture, Scaphoid fracture, Gamekeeper's Thumb, DIP Joint Fracuture&
Dislocation, Jersey Finger, Boutonniere Deformity, Pseudo Boutoniere Deformity, Fractures
of the metacarpals, Bennett's fracture mallet finger, Dequervain's tenosynovitis of the
thumb, Bowler's thumb handler palsy, Hamate fracture Ganglion cysts, Triggert finger,
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
► Thigh Injuries:
Contusion to the quadriceps, strain of the quadriceps musculature, acute strain of the
hamstring group, complete rupture of the patellar tendon.
► Knee Injuries:
Knee ligament injuries first - degree sprain, Second degree sprain, third degree sprain,
Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Tears, anteriolateral instability meniscal lesion Articular
Cartilage lesions, Patello femoral dysfunction. ,
► Injuries of the Patella:
Patella_fracture_ - acute dislocation, recurrent dislocation, subluxation and spontaneous
reduction of a dislocated patella, Osteochondrities dissecans, Jumper's Knee.

58
 Cn rcnlnum n of tho fun~, Pulmonary
• Lung Abscess, Oroncho pmH11110nln , Do11t ruyod L1111M,
Embolism, lntcrs tlllAI lung dlsonsos
• Occupatlon11l hmg disorders
• Management of cardiopulmonary cornpllcatlons In
burns potlc nt
• Surgical Conditions :
Decortlctlon Window Operation,
Thoracoplasty, Empyen,a thoracls, Rib Resection,
Omentoplasty
Conditions, Vascular conditions and
• Surgeries to thoracic wall, surgeries In Cardiac
pulmonary conditions.

Reference:
therapist
• Goodman: Pathology impllcatlons for the physical
dally living
• Barbara: Muscles, Nerves and movement klneslology In
• Mandy: Cardiovascular respiratory Physiotherapy
problems, adult and pediatrics
• Jennifer: Physiotherapy for respiratory and cardiac
rn disorders
• Leon: Multidisciplinary approaches to breathing patte
• Jones: Clinical exercise testing
ntion and rehabilitation programme
• Peter: Coronary Artery diseases essentials of preve
• Jean: Advances in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation
• Carl: Modem cardiovascular physiology
conditions
• Mathews: Cardiopulmonary anatomy and paralytic
• Victor: exercise and the heart
• Saunders manual of physical therapy
• Jullie -Textbook of cardiology
• Webber- Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy
and cardiac problems
• Jennifer & Barbara: Physiotherapy for respiratory
• Donna: Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

•••

55
 MPT IN SPORTS MEDICINE
PAPER-V
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & PATHOMECHANICS
► Psychological factors of sports injuries
► Physiological factors of sports injuries
structures to injury, Effects of
Types of Injuries, Reaction to injury, Response of joint
immobilization, Effects of immobilization
► Inflammatory and healing Process, Micro
trauma, stress reactions
► Rules of regulations of sports, Sports Spec
ific injuries
► Pathomechanics of sport injuries
► Physical demand in different sports
► Flexibility exercises - Neurophysiology
to the participation in sports
► Physiological effects of stretching & mobilizations prior
d to sports
► Types of exercises and their physiological effects relate
events (like throwing mechanics,
► Use & application ·of biomechanics in different sport
running mechanics, swimming mechanics ... )
s of water immersion and its
► Aquatic- Physical Properties of water, Physiologic effect
therapeutic value.
m
1. Embryological development of musculoskeletal syste
') of bones, Skull Bones, Facial bones, Bones of
2. OSTEOLOGY: Structure of bone ossificatiol
olumn, ribs.
Upper Extremity, Lower Extremity, Pelvis, VertebralC
le fibers, Origin, Insertion, Action,
3. MYOLOGY: Structure of muscle , types of muscle, musc
r Extremity, Trunk
Nerve Supply Muscles of Face, Upper Extremity, Lowe
ed structure and formation of all the
4. ARTHROLOGY: Structure of joint, types of joints, detail ·
joints. Neurobiology ot'joint.
omes
5. NEUROLOGY: Peripheral nerves, Dermatomes and myot
Physiology.
PHYSIOLOGY: Joint Physiology (Movements), muscle
Pathomechanics of Fractures, Deformed joints

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Specialization: Sports Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 100
Paper: Anatomy, Physiology and Pathomech anics

Instructions to students: Answer all questions

Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary
---------- ----- ---------- -----ing--------------------20------------------
I. Write long essays on all of the follow 3X = 60
A
B
C
II. Write short notes on all of the following 5 X 8 = 40
A
B
C
D
E
***

57
 Mt•l IN ! t•Olt I'S MHt>ICIN6
ttAl'lll\ ... VI
CLINICAL CONUITIONI

~"-~'- l\ ~\..Wf~,i h' ~~"' " "''""'" \'""~"~, 1111:t rlli\lll~III, 1mthnr,hy.-lt1ltlHV, ,tl14r111, ,;ympt,c,rn1,
"\""t~"''
~mt ~"--~"~' tf~~,m~llh \\t n,1h,wh1M ~,,o, b Hllttl Jill lnl11rlt1~ ffl1fl ,ti_,, ~hou1,, knt1w thtt
•'\_~,,~"'"~',,,th~ ~,uik~I. mt (fh'i\l m~m,tt~mtrnt of ~1101\MrnlrthHI lnlurl«u,

~ ~ y t t l i ~t
t~~~~~\. ~ "pt~ t-to,,~~mt proMntlsls of oplphysonl lnJurla1, o,good Schl11ttor dlH ase,
"'~"'' ~)t•\h\~~~~ ~ndo11ltl~nt thu lnsortlon of pntollnr t@ndon, comploto nvulslon of th11
~~Y~~ ◊f tht t~hl~I h1bord ~ ~houl~@r - contrlbutlne risk fnctors • Intrinsic fnctors,
~, ~"'le ~ 'WS,
~ ~ - , ...... lnJUN..:
~~ th~ stlf1,ocl1vleult1r Joint - Sprnlns, dlslocntlons Scnpulothoraclc Joint leslons,
t\')
AC'f00, ~ ~""k\1t1r joint spr'tlns, 1rntorlor dlslocntlon of tha slonohumerol Joint, recurrent
Mtt>t" "' d~~tlon of tho shouldor, postarlor dlslocntlon of shoulder, Thoracic outlet
~too~ Pilnful are,. Rotntor cuff lnjurlos, Impingement syndromes,
~ l~bt'\lm l~tlons
► UbowJolnt~!
Olttttnoo au~ s. V•18l•S ext onslon overlond, elbow, Ulnar Nerve Lesions, Ulnar & Radial
CDnl~1I lig1n,&nt sprnlns, Contusions and Strolns, Dlslocatlons, Osteochondrltlesdlsslcans,
litttt ~~s Elbow. Problems resulting from throwing - medlal lesions, lateral leslons,
~r~slons
► Bbow ~ for Tennis:
EpitondyHt let Incidence. Pnthology, Mechanism of Injury
► Wrist Md Hw Injuries:
cone•s fr1ctu,e. Scnphold fracture, Gamekeeper's Thumb, DIP Joint Fracuture&
Dlsloatk)n. Jfflty Finger, Boutonnlere Deformity, Pseudo Boutonlere Deformity, Fractures
of th~ m@tJtnrpols, Bennett's fracture mallet finger, Dequervaln's tenosynovltls of the
thumb. Bowt~r•s thumb handler palsy, Hamate fracture Ganglion cysts, Trlggert finger,
C.rpal Tunn~I Syndrome.
► Thlch lnJuries:
Contusion to the qu1driceps, strain of the quadriceps musculature, acute strain of the
h.mstring group, complete rupture of the patellar tendon.
► KMe Injuries:
Knee llg1ment Injuries first - degree sprain, Second degree sprain, third degree sprain,
Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Tears, anterlolaternl lnstablllty menlscal lesion, Articular
Cartilage lesions, Patello femoral dysfunction .
► Injuries of the Patella:
Patella fracture - acute dislocation, recurrent dlslocatlon, subluxatlon and spontaneous
reduction of a dislocated patella, Osteochondrltles dlssecrins, Jumper's Knee.

58
 1
► Injuries to the lower leg, Ankle and Foot:
Tibiofibula r synostosls, Rupture of the gastrocnemlus, tennis leg, total rupture of the
Achilles tendon, Partial rupture of the achlllles tendon, Tendlnopathles - Achilles
Tendonitis, Anterior tlblalls tendonltls, Peroneal tendonltls, Posterior tlblalls tendonitis,
Flexor Hallucls Longus Tendonltls, Flexor dlgltorum longus Tendonltls, Compartmental
Compression syndromes, Heel bruses, Os trlgonum Injury, Calcaneal apophysitis,
Tarsometatarsal injuries, Tarsal Tunnel syndrome, Cubolds Syndrome, Metatarsal Stress
fracture, lnterdigital neuroma, Stalrcllmbers transient parasthesla, Turf Toe, Sesmoitidis.
► Injuries to Ankle:
Syndesmotic Ankle Sprain, inversion sprains, Eversion sprains, Dorsiflexion Sprains, tarsal
tunnel syndrome, stress fracture of the metatarsal, Vorton's neuromas, corns and calluses,
blisters, ingrown toenails, peroneal tendon subluxation.
► Injuries to the Low Back:
Postural syndrome, Dysfunction Syndrome, Derangment Syndrome, Spondylolysthesis
► Injuries to the Running Athlete:
Causes of overuse injuries. Common running induced injuries to the lower back common
running induced injuries to the hip-illiotib ial tract pain, trochante ric bursitis, stress fracture
of femoral neck, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, vague hip pain
► Common Running Related Injuries to the Knee:
Medial Patellar Pains, Pes Anserine Bursitis, Patella·r tendonitis , retropatel laf pain, Lateral
Patellar pain, lateral knee pain, biceps femoral tendonitis
► Common Running Related Injuries to the Lower leg:
Tibial Stress relation, Stress fracture, medial tibial stress syndrome, compartm ent sundrome
- Anterior,Posterior, Lateral, Fibular Stress reaction and· stress fracture, retrocalocaneal
bursitis medial arch pain, plantar fasciitis
► Swimming Injuries:
uSwimmers Shoulder'' anterior subluxation of the Glenohumeral joint, Breaststroker's
injury

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Specialization: Sports Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 100
Paper: Clinical conditions

Instructions to students: Answer all questions

Draw neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary

I. Write long essays on all of the following 3 X 20 = 60

A
B
C
II. Write short notes on all of the following Sx8=40
A
B
C
D
E
***

59
 MPT IN SPORTS ME DICIN E
PAPER - VII
ASSESSM ENT & EVALUATION

► Emergency sports Assessment:

Pre -i!vent preparatioln I of Consciousness Establishing the airway, Assessment of

Primary Assessment: eve s ' d A t
. d h k Pupil Check Assessment for Spinal Cor Injury, ssessmen
Bleeding, Fluid loss an s oc , ' j S •t
.
for Head lnJury, Assessme nt for Movement ' Positioning the patient. In ury even y,
secondary Assessment.
► Prepartldpatlon Evaluation:
Objectives of the Evaluation
Setting up the Examination
Preparticipation History . • f d
Examination: Eye Examination, Musculoskeletal Examination, Neuro_log1~a 1Examma_ ion an
convulsive Disorders, Cardiovascular Examination, Pulmonary Examination, Ur~ge~ital
Examination, Gastrointestinal Examination, Dermatological Examination, Examination for
Heart Disorders, General Medical Problems, Dental Examination.
► Application of isokinetics in testing · ·
► Student should be able to use & understand results of electrodiagnostic tools & imaging
techniques used in the sport evaluation
► ASSESMENT & EVALUATION OF THE FOLLOWING:
• Epiphyseal Injuries: ,
Classification, Complications and prognosis of epiphyseal injuries, Osgood Schlatter
disease, Traction epiphysitis, Tendonitis at the insertion of patellar tendon,
complete avulsion of the epiphysis of the tibial tubercle shoulder.
• Shoulder Girdle Injuries:
Injuries to the Sternoclavicular joint - Sprains, Dislocations, Scapulothoracic joint
lesions, Acromioclavicular joint Sprains, anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint,
recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder, posterior dislocation of shoulder, Thoracic
outlet syndrome, Painful arc, Rotator cuff injuries, Impingement syndromes,
Glenoid Labrum Lesions
• Elbow Joint injuries:
Olecranon Bursitis, Valgus extension overload, elbow, Ulnar Nerve Lesions, Ulnar &
Radial Collateral ligament sprains, Contusions and Strains, Dislocations,
Osteochondritiesdissicans, Little leagures Elbow, Problems resulting from throwing - medial
lesions, lateral lesions, posterior lesions
• Elbow injuries for Tennis:
Epicondylities, Incidence, Pathology, Mechanism of injury
• Wrist and Hand Injuries:
Colle's fracture, Scaphoid fracture, Gamekeeper's Thumb, DIP Joint Fracuture&
Dislocation, Jersey Finger, Boutonniere Deformity, Pseudo Boutoniere Deformity, Fractures
of the metacarpals, Bennett's fracture mallt finger, Dequervain's tenosynovitis of the
thumb, Bowler.'s thumb handler palsy, Hamate fracture Ganglion .cysts, Trigger finger,
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

60
• Thigh Injuries:
riceps musculature, acute strain of the
Contusion to the quadriceps, strain of the quad
tendon.
hamstring group, complete rupture of the patellar
• Knee Injuries:
degree sprain, third degree sprain,
Knee ligament Injuries first - degree sprain, Second
ral lnstablllty menlscal lesion, Articular
Anterior and Posterior Cruclate Tears, anterlolate
Cartilage lesions, Patello femoral dysfunction.
• Injuries of the Patella:
dislocation, subluxation and
Patella fracture - acute dislocation, recurrent
ochondrltles dissecans, Jumper's Knee.
spontaneous reduction of a dislocated patella, Oste
• Injuries to the Lower Leg, Ankle and Foot:
mius, tennis leg, total rupture of the
Tibiofibular synostosis, Rupture of the gastrocne
ies tendon, Tendinopathies - Achilles
Achilles tendon, Partial rupture of the achill
tendonitis, Posterior tibialis tendonitis,
Tendonitis, Anterior tibialis tendonitis, Peroneal
rum longus Tendonitis, Compartmental
Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendonitis, Flexor digito
trigonum injury, Calcaneal apophysitis,
Compression syndromes, Heel bruses, Os
, Cuboids Syndrome, Metatarsal Stress
Tarsometatarsal injuries, Tarsal Tunnel syndrome
ient parasthesia, Turf Toe, Sesmoitidis.
fracture, lnterdigital neuroma, Stairclimbers trans
• Injuries to Ankle:
ion sprains, Dorsiflexion Sprains,
·syndesmotic Ankle Sprain, inversion sprains, Evers
tarsal, Vorton's neuromas, corns and
tarsal tunnel syndrome, stress ·fracture of the meta
n subluxation.
calluses, blisters, ingrown toenails, peroneal tendo
• Injuries to the Low Back:
nt Syndrome, Spondylolysthesis
Postural syndrome, Dysfunction Syndrome, Derangme
• Injuries ,o the Running Athlete:
ed injuries to the lower back common
Causes of overuse injuries. Common running induc
pain, trochanteric bursitis, stress fracture
running induced injuries to the hip-illiotibial tract
vague hip pain
of femoral neck, slipped capital femoral epiphysis,
:
• Common Running Ref ated Injuries to the Knee
llar tendonitis, retropatellar pain,
Medial Patell_ar Pains, Pes Anserine Bursitis, Pate
ral tendonitis
Lateral Patellar pain, lateral knee pain, biceps femo
r leg:
• Common Running Related Injuries to the Lowe
stress syndrome, compartment
Tibial Stress r~lation, S~ress fracture, medial tibial
Stress reaction . and stress fracture
sundrome - Anterror,Posterror, Lateral, Fibular '
fasciitis
retrocalocaneal bursitis medial arch pain, plantar
• Swimming Injuries:
the Glenohumeral joint, Breaststroker's
. _"Swimmers Shoulder" anterior subluxation of
tnJury.

61
 MPT IN SPORTS MEDICINE
PAPER-VIII
PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTIONS

► Prevention of Athletic Injuries

Athletic Coordinating Program - Skeletal Muscle Type 1 and Type 2 fibers, General
ic
conditioning principles - Strength, power, muscular endurances, flexibility, anaerob
metabolism
► Warm-up Period _
Warm-up schedule, stretching partner stretching using the propriceptive neuromuscular
facilitation technique
► Protective and supportive equipment
Protective equipments, supportive devices, motion limiting devices
► Treatment of atheletic injuries
Taping and wrapping techniques
► Emergency care and Athletic First Aid
injuries -
Cardiopulmonary Emergencies, ABC of resuscitation, Haimlick maneuver shock
internal injuries, Head and neck injuries, -Fractures, Dislocations.
► Injury First Aid
Wheelchair
ICE or cold application, compression, Elevation, Gait Instruction, Stretcher and
uses.
► Physiotherapeutic interventions for relief of pain
► Therapeutic modalities and procedure
my,
General pri11ciples of therapeutic modalities, Hydrotherapy, Shortwave Diather
rapy, Cold
Microwave Diathermy, Ultrasound, lontophoresis, Phonophoresis, TENS, Cryothe
ndications,
Spray, Contrast bath, paraffin wax bath, Ultraviolet, Massage Indications, Contrai
Therapeutic and physiologic effects, treatment techniques
► Fitness training related to specific sports
ions
► Manipulative therap y- principles, concept, indications, contraindications, applicat
► Injuries Rehabilitation:
, special
Goals of rehabilitation, types of exercises - isometric exercise, isotonic exercise
on, surgical
forms of exercise - manual resistance, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitati
tubing, circuit training, sport - specific skills.
► Application of isokinetics in athletic rehabilitation
► Nutrition and Athlete:
wrestlers,
Well balanced diet, prevent nutrition, increasing weight, decreasing weight in
carbohydrate loading diet, sugar before and after competition.

63
 cn tm cnt of followlng: -
Prevcntlon nnd physlothornpy I r l

1
• Eplphyseil lnJ urle • co,,•pllcotlons and prognosi s of eplphyseal Injuries, Osgood Schlatter
Clnssl0cot 1on, • ·
disease, Troctlon oplphysltls, Tendonltls at the In sertion of patellar tendon,
complete ovulslon of tho eplphysls of the tibia I tubercle shoulder.
• Shouldtr Glrdle Injuries:
Injuries to the Sternoclovlcular Joint - Sprains, Dlslocatlons, Scapulothoracic j~int
oint Sprains, anterior dlslocatlon of the glenohumeral joint,
lesions, Acrom Ioc lavlculor J
recurrent anterior dlslocotlon of the shoulder, posterior dlslocatlon of shoulder, Thoracic
ul arc Rotator cuff Injuries, Impingement syndromes,
out Iet syn drom e, Palnf ,
Glenold Labrum Lesions
• Elbow Joint Injuries:
Olecranon Bursitis, Valgus ·extension overload, elbow, Ulnar Nerve Lesions, Ulnar &
Radial Collateral ligament sprains, Contusions and Strains, Dislocations,
osteochondrltlesdlsslcans, Little leagures Elbow, Problems resulting from throwing - medial
lesions, lateral lesions, posterior lesions
• Elbow Injuries for Tennis:
Eplcondylltles, Incidence, Pathol?gy, Mechanism of injury .
• Wrist and Hand Injuries:
Colle's fracture, Scaphold fracture, Gamekeeper's Thumb, DIP Joint Fracuture&
Dislocation, Jersey Finger, Boutonnlere Deformity, Pseudo Boutonlere Deformity, Fractures
of the metacarpals, Bennett's fracture mallt finger, Dequervain's tenosynovitis of the
thumb, Bowler's thumb handler palsy, Hamate fracture Ganglion cysts, Trigger finger,
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

• Thigh Injuries:
Contusion to the quadriceps, strain of the quadriceps musculature, acute strain of the
hamstring group, complete rupture of the patellar tendon.
• Knee Injuries:
Knee ligament Injuries first - degree sprain, Second degree sprain, third degree sprain,
Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Tears, anteriolateral instability meniscal lesion, Articular
Cartilage lesions, Patello femoral dysfunction.
• Injuries of the Patella:
Patella fracture - acute dislocation, recurrent dislocation, subluxation and
spontaneous reduction of a dislocated patella, Osteochondrities dissecans, Jumper's Knee.
• Injuries to the Lower Leg, Ankle and Foot:
Tibiofibular synostosls, Rupture of the gastrocnemius, tennis leg, total rupture of the
Achilles tendon, Partial rupture of the achillies tendon, Tendinopathies - Achilles
Tendonitis, Anterior tibialis tendonitis, Peroneal tendonitis, Posterior tibialis tendonitis,
Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendonltls, Flexor digitorum longus Tendonitis, Compartmental
Compression syndromes, Heel bruses, Os trlgonum injury, Calcaneal apophysitis,
Tarsometatarsal injuries, Tarsal Tunnel syndrome, Cuboids Syndrome, Metatarsal Stress
fracture, lnterdlgital neuroma, Stairclimbers transient parasthesia, Turf Toe, Sesmoitidis.

64
 • Injuries to Ankle: . . . .
. A kl Sprain Inversion sprains, Everslon sprains, Dors1flex1on Sprains,
Syndesmot1c n e , ,
ress fracture of the metatarsal, Vorton s neuromas, corns and
tarsal tunne I syn dro me, St
calluses, blisters, ingrown toenails, peroneal tendon subluxatlon.

• Injuries to the Low Back: .

Postural syndrome, Dysfunction Syndrome, Derangment Syndrome, Spondylolysthes1s
• Injuries to the Running Athlete:
causes of overuse injuries. Common running Induced Injuries to the lower back common
running induced injuries to the hip-illiotibial tract pain, trochanteric bursitis, stress fracture
of femoral neck, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, vague hip pain
• Common Running Related Injuries to the Knee:
Medial Patellar Pains, Pes Anserine Bursitis, Patellar tendonitis, retropatellar pain,
Lateral Patellar pain, lateral knee pain, biceps femoral tendonitis
• Common Running Related Injuries to the Lower leg:
Tibial Stress relation, Stress fracture, medial tibial stress syndrome, compartment
sundrome - Anterior,Posterior, Lateral, Fibular Stress reaction and stress fracture,
retrocalocaneal bursitis medial arch pain, plantar fasciitis
• Swimming Injuries:
"Swimmers Shoulder''
. anterior subluxation of. the Glenohumeral joint, Breaststroker's
.
injury.
• Sports for youth with disabilities:
Role of Physiotherapist in preparing the impaired for sport event(like Para Olympics). Apart
from the above student should know the pre & Post Operative rehabilitation protocols used
in' sports physiotherapy.
Missaleneous:
01. Dynamic of human behavior - instincts, killer instincts, drives and needs, attention,
interest& motivation, Intelligence, aptitude, its nature, characteristics meaning & types.
02. Dynamic nature of personality, types of personality, role of sports in development of
personality.
03. Group behavior and leadership and its influence on sports.
04. Modeling stress, stress and performance, motivation and performance, performance
factor, contemporary stress reduction strategies, sex and performance.
05. Isolated training sudden change in opponent, audience stress, strategy changes
congnitive stress modeling.
06. Biofeedback, mental coping strategies, visual imagery, meditation.

65
Refer ence :
• Soun der's manu al of physical thera py
• Zuluaga: Sports Phys iothe rapy appli ed science &
pract ice
• Thom as: Imaging of sport s Injuri es
• Sandra: Assessment of athle tic Injuri es
• David : Sport s Injury assessment & rehab llltatl on
• Chad: Evalu ation of ortho paed ic and athle tic Injuri
es
• Chris tophe r: Sport Injuri es diagn osis & mana geme
nt
• Joann e: Aqua tic thera py progr amm ing guide lines
and ortho paed ic rehab ilitati on
• Skinn er: Exercise Testi ng & Exercise Presc riptio n
• Vivia n: Adva nced fitnes s assessment exercise presc
riptio n
• Katch : Exercise physi ology , energ y nutri tion and
huma n perfo rman ce
• Frank: Exercise physi ology for healt h care profe ssion
als
• David : collis ion. sport injuri es and repai r

• James: the biom echa nics of sport s techn iques

• Dines h: Decis ion maki ng and out come s in sport
s rehab ilitati on
• Hay: The biom echa nics of sport s techn iques
• Spor ts lnjur1es - Chris tophe r
• Oxfo rd textb ook of sport s phys iothe rapis t

Refe renc e Journals:

1. Amer ican Physical Thera py Asso ciatio n
2. Achie ves of Physical medi cine and rehab ilitati on
3. Austr alian journ al of phys iothe rapy
4. Journ al of pain
5. Inter natio nal journ al of rehab ilitati on resea rch
6. New Zeala nd journ al of Phys iothe rapy
7. Cana dian Journ al of Phys iothe rapy
8. Phys iothe rapy U.K
9. Journ al of ortho pedic s and sport s phys iothe rapy
10. Journ al of Hum an Move ment Studi es
11. Journ al of Manu al and Mani pulat ive Ther apy

66