Name:______________________________________________ Grade/Section: ______________________

Grade 12 – Media and Information Literacy

First Quarter- MODULE 1
Topic: Introduction to Media and Information Literacy
HOW MEDIA AND INFORMATION AFFECT COMMUNICATION?
What is the role of media and information in communication?

What is communication?
 Communication has several definitions. Here are some of the meanings taken from varied sources.
 Communication is the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some
other mediums (Oxforddictionary.com)
 Communication is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a
common system of symbols, signs, or behavior (Merriamwebster.com)
 According to Katz and Kahn, Communication is the exchange of information and the
transmission of meaning. It is the very essence of a social system of an organization."
 Based on the definitions of communication mentioned above, aside from the point that
communication is a process, it also requires a certain medium to arrive at the desired result. It needs a
type of channel to carry out the message we want to convey.

What is Communication Media?

"Media refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and their intended
audience. Television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet are different types of media. One of the oldest forms
of media in print. Thanks to the ever-changing technology, our exposure to media is almost nonstop. Media
shapes our perceptions of what is real. It surrounds us in the forms of billboards, signage, and even the clothes
you wear. We have radio, television, computers, and smartphones. We have the Internet, online video
channels, and all sorts of social media. So stop and look around, media is everywhere, and it's not going away
anytime soon. Learn about it, understand it, so that you may be media-smart." (YouTube Channel
MediaSmarts retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw).
A communication media can be a Source of Information, a Medium of Communication, or both. If
the media's use provides knowledge and information about something, it is considered a source of
information. If it is considered a medium of communication is used as a channel/ tool to convey
information. A media can also function both as a source and a medium of information.
To communicate, we use a different medium of communication to carry out the message we want to
express. There are various tools that we can use to deliver our message. A few of the examples are
listed below.
Examples of Communication Medium
Communication Medium How it Works
Person to person interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
Conversation
deliver the message.
One to many interaction using one’s voice as the tool to deliver the message to
Public Speaking a large number of people, at any given time.
Written messages in whatever form, usually on paper and print.
Documents/ Letters/ Mails
Messages rendered in the form of paintings, drawings, photography, videos,
Visual Art images, and the like, that conveys
specific emotion, idea or thought.
Physical Medium Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in- package information
contained in product packaging, and
the like.
Digital/ Interactive Digital and electronic means to convey messages such as
website or computer application, primarily by the use of internet.

MEDIA, INFORMATION, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDIA, AND INFORMATION LITERACIES

 What are the similarities and differences between media literacy, information literacy, and technology literacy?

A. Literacy- It pertains to the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute,
using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning,
wherein individuals can achieve their goals, develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their
community and wider society.

B. Media refers to physical objects used to communicate with or mass communication through physical objects
such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to any physical object used to communicate
messages.

C. Media Literacy refers to the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in various forms. It aims
to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with
traditional media and new technologies.

D. Information- This refers to a broad term covering processed data, knowledge derived from study,
experience, instruction, signals, or symbols.

E. Information Literacy- It is the ability to recognize when

information is needed and to locate, evaluate, and effectively
communicate information in its various formats.

F. Technology (Digital) Literacy is the ability of an individual, either

working independently or with others, to responsibly,
appropriately, and effectively use technological tools. Using these tools,
an individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate,
create and communicate information.

G. Media and Information Literacy. These refer to essential

skills and competencies that allow individuals to effectively
engage with media and other information providers and develop
critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.

Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy

What is this stage all about? As a Senior High School student, it is not enough to learn the
interrelatedness of communication and media. Aside from familiarizing with the key concepts involved in
this subject and its interconnectedness, it is also essential to learn how to become media and information
literate.
• Why do we need information?
• Where do we search for information?
• How do we acquire and store information?
• How do we use the information that we have?
• How will we communicate the information that we have acquired?
The questions outlined above are some of the few questions that comes into mind when we talk about
Information Literacy.
Now, given the above questions, it is important to understand the need to acquire this information that
you have asked from the mayor of the city. These questions are actually a result of you trying to go through the
process towards becoming an information literate individual.
Information Literacy is defined as the ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate,
evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats. Therefore, it is a set of individual
competencies needed to identify, evaluate and use information in the most ethical, efficient and effective way
across all domains, occupations and professions.

Stages/ Elements of Information Literacy

Stage What this stage is about?
Identifying/ recognizing information needs
1 The realization that there arise a need or a problem exists that requires information, for its satisfactory
resolution.
Determining sources of information
2 Know how to determine if the needed information exists, and to source out from
varied avenues.
 3 Citing or searching for information
Know how to find needed information, to give credits to the source of the information.
Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
4 Know how to fully understand found information, or know where to go for help if needed to understand,
and to assess the accuracy and reliability of the information acquired.
Organizing, storing or archiving information
5 Know how to preserve, store, reuse, record and archive information for future use, or to dispose of
information no longer needed, and safeguard information that should be protected.
6 Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way
Know how to utilize information to solve problem, make decision, or meet need.
Creating and communicating new knowledge
7 Know how to communicate and present information to others in appropriate, usable formats/ mediums.

Media and Information Literacy can help people:

RESPONSIBLE USE OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

What specific action do you do to show that you are a responsible user of media and information?
EVALUATING INFORMATION SOURCES CHECKLIST YES NO
AUTHORITY
1. Who is the author(s) and what is their source of authority (e.g., what is their academic
specialism or professional experience)?
2. Has a systematic and rigorous process been carried out? (e.g., are references all
traceable, is evidence discussed and thoroughly analyzed).
3. Has the information been peer-reviewed or gone through an editing process? (Normally
all academic journals include a process of peer-review. You can usually find out what
the process is from the journal’s website. Also, academic publishers, e.g., Palgrave,
Routledge, Methuen, Ashgate, Sage, Cambridge University Press, and other University
Press publishers, also use peer review before a book is published).
TIMELINESS
1. Can you tell when the information was created or last updated? (Does it
2. matter for your piece of work?)
3. If it is a website, does it look like it is being maintained?
4. If it is a website, do the links work?
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
1. Does the author provide evidence to support his ideas, views, and conclusions? What
kind of ‘evidence’ is being used? Is there any data or statistics provided? Has the
author undertaken any original research? Is the information too basic or too advanced
for your needs?
2. Are there accurate references to other sources that you can follow up on? Is the
emphasis of the topic appropriate for your needs? Does the information relate to
countries/groups etc. you are interested in?
3. If it is online are there links out to other sources?
RELEVANCE
1. Is the information too basic or too advanced for your needs? Are there accurate
references to other sources that you can follow up on?
2. Is the emphasis of the topic appropriate for your needs?
3. Does the information relate to countries/groups etc. you are interested in?
WHAT’S YOUR JUDGEMENT?
Taking your evaluation into consideration, would you feel confident using this information as
part of or in support of your research? Why/why not?
 Since you are a 21st-century learner and you are media and information literate, there is a greater need
for you to be aware and acquainted with information ethics. This knowledge is essential to avoid violating
the ownership rights of authors and protecting the person's personal life. Ethics plays an important role in
you as a learner as it will help you identify the right and wrong decisions regarding what you read over the
internet. Let us learn about what ethics and information ethics are.

Ethics is based on well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do,
usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues.

Information Ethics is a branch of ethics that focuses on the creation, organization,

dissemination, and use of information and the ethical and moral codes governing human conduct in society.
(dictionary for library and information science).

Most of the media's common unethical practices are plagiarism, copyright, censorship, and fake news
for media information, and cyberbullying, harassment, stalking, gender inequality for social media.

Here are some of the information ethics that you must observe when using the internet to avoid
unethical practices in media and information.
1. Report to authorities when rights are violated.
The civil code of the Philippines under Article 26 states that "Every person shall respect the dignity, personally,
privacy, and peace of mind of his neighbor and other people." Take action and help when needed.
2. Avoid plagiarism and give proper credits.
The Philippines' Intellectual Property Code punishes an individual who performs stealing of one's intellectual
property without giving credits to the rightful owner.
3. Be aware of the Limitation in the Social Media
You should not share malicious picture avoid spamming other stuff that affects others.
4. Do not tolerate cyberbullying
Crime Prevention Act of 2012 is a law that addresses legal issues about online interactions on the internet.
Cyber liber is punishable by law as it can destroy the victim's reputation.
5. Use reliable sources over fake news.
Do not be misled by information from unreliable sources. Always confirm if the information proves the
truth and not make people confuse.

News is a vital part of media and information. It provides valuable information to people in this digital
period. With many news portals and websites, we often find ourselves doubting the news article and then
deciding if the news article is worth reading. There are abundant writers on the internet who write false news
hence resulting in information confusion and harm.
Therefore, it is our responsibility as readers to ensure that we only read reliable news articles on the
internet. Detecting fake news can be challenging as fake news may show identical characteristics of reliable
news. Let us look at the several definitions of fake news and figure ways of detecting them.
Fake news as those news stories false: the story itself is fabricated, with no verifiable facts, sources, or
quotes. (guides.lib.umich.edu)
Fake news is fabricated information that mimics news media content in form but not in
organizational process or intent. (guides.library.cornell.edu)

Fake news is an article or video containing untrue information disguised as a credible news source.
(edu.gcfglobal.org)
Considering the content of the definitions, one thing is for sure; fake news is a big problem in the digital
world. According to a Standford study, only 25% of the high school students were able to identify an accurate
news story when also given a fake one ( http://bit.ly/spencervideos). If we are not responsible users of media,
then we are bound to get ourselves in trouble.
Name:________________________________________________________ Date: _______________________
Grade/Section: _________________________________________________ Score: ______________________
Grade 12 MIL – Module 1 ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 1: Direction: Encircle the letter of your answer
1. Which of the following terms refers to the capability of a person to work independently or with others to
use technology tools to access, manage, integrate and communicate information?
A. Media literacy
B. Reading literacy
C. Information literacy
D. Technology literacy
2. It is the understanding to access, analyze, evaluate, create, reflect and act using various forms of
communication.
A. Media literacy B. Information literacy C. Technology literacy D. Reading literacy
3. A set of skills requiring people to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate,
evaluate and use it effectively is known as .
A. Media literacy B. Information literacy C. Technology literacy D. Reading literacy
4. Media and information facilitate the flow of communication. Which situation illustrates this?
A. An MIL student saves his files in Google drive.
B. A school administrator prepares his speech for the assembly.
C. A teacher writes an organized instructional activity for the learners.
D. A friend sends you an infographic on energy conservation which you requested.
5. Which act shows proper use of media and information?
A. Copy and paste any information that can help you answer your school essays.
B. Create media presentations to counter those who spread negative information about your friend.
C. Share encouraging or positive posts in support of causes, subjects, and persons you care about.
D. Use social media to express your anger and disappointment for you to have emotional relief.

ACTIVITY 2: Using any graphic organizer, explain what is Media Literacy, Information Literacy, and
Technology Literacy in your own words.

ACTIVITY 3: What medium of communication do you use every day? As a student, what
communication media or tools do you convey/exchange information? Complete the table below by
identifying seven (7) different communication media kinds that you use and identify the use of
each communication media as a medium of information, source of information, or both. The first one
has been done for you.
Communication Media Use of the Communication Media
1. cellphones Medium of communication
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

ACTIVITY 4: Understanding about being a media and information literate, give at least 3 suggestions to
become a media and information literate.
ACTIVITY 5: Directions: Read and analyze the situation below. Determine if Fria Lexa Santos followed
the Information Ethics by completing the graphic organizer that follows.
Fria Lexa Santos, a Grade 11 HUMSS student, together with her groupmates, is currently
working on a research paper for her Practical Research 1 class. She has thoroughly read and
researched her topic. She gave a proper citation to the authors of the articles that she used. To Fria's
dismay, her groupmates just relied on her to do the research, and on their part, they only copied the
works of other authors. She poured out her frustration over her group mates and called their
attention on Facebook. To finish the group's research and submit it on time, she included her
members' copied articles in her
research work. She was so relieved that her teacher accepted the output, and it was uploaded in their
Facebook Social Learning Group; however, she felt uneasy and guilty about the output submitted.