EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS :

Can be written as :

fay =
b× or y=b×
Where b > 0 b. =/ 1. & ✗ is real number
any
-

,
.

example of b >0 0.1 0.2 until 0.99 if it

-

, , , .

exceeds 0.99 ,
then it is not = 1 .

b- base

✗ -

exponent
the domain of an exponential function is the set of all
real numbers .

The range is the set of all positive real numbers .

e- ✗ -
a -
m .
p . 1 .
e

suppose a culture of 30-0 bacteria at MJD Farm is put into

a petri dish and the culture

=
doubles every 10 hours .

Give exponential model for the situation How many bacteria

an .

will there be after 90h0m1s?

a. let y=⇔r of bacteria at f- 10,9=301

t = 10 y= 300 (2) =
600

f- 20 9--300125=1.200
-1=30 9=3001213--2,400
f- 40 9=300 (2)
4 =
4,800

so on and so forth

Exponential Model : 9=300 (2) % -2 because the culture

of bacteria

dowbles-b.tt f- 90
,

g- 300149%0

Y 3001219
=

9=153,600
Exponential Models & Population Growth
Suppose a quantity of
y
doubles every 1- units of time .

If is the initial amount then the ,

quantity after t units
is given by

e. × -
a .
m .
p .
I -
e 2

A certain radioactive substance decays half of itself

every 5 days Initially there .
are 50 grams .

Determine the amount of substance left after 30 days and

,

give an exponential model for the amount of remaining

substance .

a. Let 1- =
time in
days
At f- 0 ,
Amount of substance =

50g
50 (E) Exponential Model : 9=50 (E)%
"
f- 5 =

=
25g
b. f- 30 ,

501%6
" 2
f- 10 = 50 (E) Amount of substance =

=
12.5g "
=
0.78g
"
f- 15 = 501%3
=
6.25g
Exponential Decay
- The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half
of the substance to decay.

The exponential decay *

y yo (2)
formula is: =

yyY1 r)+
= -

e.X.a.m.p. 1 - e

Aling Dionisia deposits 10,000.00 in BDO that pays 3% compound

interest annually. Define an exponential model for this situation. How m

uch money will she have after 11 years without withdrawal?

Compound Interest The interest earned at the end of the period is added to the
principal and this new amount will earn interest in the
nesting period.
Exponential Growth: y y0(1
=

+ r)+

solution: Exponential Model:

x to the power of 1.

a Att= 0 F10,000 y 10.000(1+ 0.03)"< y y0(1+ r)+

= =
-

t1 10,000 + F10,00010.03) y 10,000 (1.03)

*
=
=

F10,300.00
=

=
10,000 ( 1.03)
t 2510,300
=

+ 710,30010.03)
=
#10,609.00 t 11
=

F13,842.34
=

t3
=

F10,609 + 510,609(0.03)
10,927.27
=
Logarithmic Function
- Let a, b, and a be positive numbers such that b=1. -
> The logarithm of a with a base b is denoted by
logo
and is defined as:

C=1099 (IF and only IF abY)

=

NOTES:
*
b base =

c exponent
=

·
logp X, X cannot be it

* the value of logo X can be it

COMMON LOGARITHM
>are logarithms with base 10; log X is a short notation for logiox.
e.x.a.m.p.1.e.s

1091010 =

10910 = 1

100
logio 10g100 2
=
=

logio 1000 3
10g 1000
=
=

logio 1
log1 0
=

NATURAL LOGARITHM
> are logarithm to the base (approximately 2.71828), and are denoted by "In" (IN).
In other words, Inx is another
way of writing logeX.

e.x.a.m.p.). e

> The natural logarithmic function is defined as y= Inx IF and only IF

ex
y
=

53 125
=

(2(3):4/9 22 =
x

logg 125= 3 logz(u) = 2 Inx 2 =

logix = 2
0.t.n.e.r. e.x.a.m.p.1.e.s.

> Rewrite the F. equations in

exponential form.

exponential form

1. 10gm n
=

100 = m

2.
10g55 5:2 52 =
5

3. In 8 = a ea 8 =

↓
e

r.e. V . i.e.W.
> Rewrite the
following exponential equations in
logarithmic form. Whenever
possible

EXPONENTIAL EQUATION LOGARITHMIC FORM

2
1. 10 =
100 logio100 = 2

2. (0.1)-"= 1000 1090.11000=-4

3.jb 21 =

log- 21 b =

4.( 21
==
-

4 cannot be written in a logarithmic form

5.e x =

loge x=> or InX= 7

L OGARITHMIC EQUATION EXPONENTIAL EQUATION

1. 10g3 81= 4 3=81

2. log4 2 = E 45 2 =

() 0
-

3.logE(6) = -
3 =

4. 109381= 34 81
=

5.1090.001 =-3 1033 =

0.001
Logarithmic Equations, Logarithmic Inequalities,
and Logarithmic Functions EXAMPLES V

LOCARITHMIC EQUATION -

An equation involving logarithms. logx2 =

4

*
LOCARITHMIC INEQUALITY -

An inequality involving logarithms. In x2 > ((nx)

LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION -

Function of the form: f(x) =

l0gb X g(x) 10gxX =

(b>0,b/l)

Solving Logarithmic Equations & Inequalities

If b> 1, then the logarithmic function logo X is decreasing for all X
This means that logo n 10goV IF and only IFNV
= =

e.x.a.m.p.1.e.S

Find the value of x in the following logarithmic equations.

a.logsX=4 b.logx 36 = 2
c.log2x+log2(x 6)
-

= 4 d .log36x =
l0g3 24
g4
2
x X 36 log2X(X 6) 4 6x 24
= =

=
-

X gY
=

xx 0 = 24 x2 =
-
6X * 24=

X625
=

x6 =

X2 6x 16 0
- -
=

x4
=

(X z)(X + 2) 0
- =

x 8 0
-
=

x8 =

x + 2 0
=

x= -
2
LOCARITHMIC INEQUALITY

e.x.a.m.p.1.e.s
1. log4 X 13 2. log3 X 15

43IX 35IX

*I 6H 1243
*