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Image processing based intelligent parking system

Conference Paper · April 2017

DOI: 10.1109/ICEICE.2017.8191876

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2017 International Conference on Electrical, Instrumentation and Communication Engineering (ICEICE2017)

Image Processing Based Intelligent Parking System

Kaarthik.K1, Sridevi.A2, Vivek.C3
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering(Autonomous),
Thalavapalayam, Karur-639113.
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract— India is one the Country with High dense population. to count the Number of Entries/ Exit and have an note on that.
Due this high population Transportation and Parking of the In the Paper [5, 7] work attempts on the variation between the
Vehicles is the major issue faced by the Peoples. This Paper is to moving image and the Stationary Image on the Basis of
Provide a Intelligent Parking System through Image Processing. Variance in Brightness of the Image. The Existing
In this Systematic Approach the Image Processing Technique process[6,12] attempts on taking Time Differential Image.
can be used to Identify the free empty Parking area to Park our The Problem Occurs is when the object is moving at high
Vehicles. In the Proposed process the Parking area can be speed it is a tedious job to take snap on that image. The
marked with certain specific number and an sensor and with the
Present work attempts on Identifying the Parking lots by the
help of these sensor the empty space can be identified to park the
vehicle. The Image processing Display consists of the seven respective number and the Sensor present at that lot. The
segments of display in real time. In addition to the Display an Sensors are placed at the parking area if the signal from
Audio system have been interfaced in order to provide Oral transmitter will not received by the sensor then the sensor is
information of the parking system. The Seven segment display sensed and result shows that the Parking lot is filled, so the
can be used to identify the empty parking area with specific driver will prefer the rest of the parking lots.
numbers. The specific numbers can be displayed inorder to park
the vehicle at vacant position without any struggle. The proposed II. SYSTEM MODULE
process can be implemented in software platform with the help of
The Proposed module attempts on the Image Processing
Image processing technique and Hardware implementation can
be done by interfacing with the Arduino Uno.
Technique through the MATLAB as a Software platform[8].
The projected mechanism involves five step module to
Keywords— Intelligent Parking, Image Processing, Vehicle,
perform the operation. The processing steps can be shown in
Arduino uno
the block diagram as shown in Fig. 1. as follows.

I. INTRODUCTION System Image

In Olden days people use the public mode of transportation Initialization Acquisition
as Bus and Train for moving from one place to another. But
due to Globalization the people move from rural area to urban
areas for employment and other needs the Individual
transportation have been improved a lot for their ease. Owing
Image Image
to these increase in vehicle the parking become very
complicated and the people can park their on the either sides Enhancement Segmentation
of the roads results in heavy traffic. At present there is no
systematic approach in parking system. the manual control
can be implemented in some areas but it is no so sound to
satisfy the present number of vehicles. the number of vehicle Image Detection
was more than the number of parking areas[1- 4]. The
administration have implemented many techniques to ensure Fig. 1 Block Diagram of System Module
the effortlessness of traffic at car parking zones.
At Present most the people not aware of the empty space at
the parking areas. In proposed idea the camera can be used to
A. System Initialization
sense the empty space through video image detection. The
image can be captured and they can be allowed to Image In the System Initialization Process the manual drawing
segmentation and edge detection through boundaries with procedure will be put into practice. In the manual Drawing
canny operator method. The moving car is to be parked at process the image can be drawn with Park slot number which
specific zone, at first the parking area has to be identified at will be helpful in identifying the Empty parking area. The
the zone then the parking space has to be identified and check main objective of this process is to Identify the Empty Parking
whether there is empty space is available or not. In The area without any manual interruption[9, 10]. The Diagram
parking area the Image Processing Technique have been drawn should be visible, clear, easy to understand, complete
Implemented that will undergone the Image Segmentation and information about the parking slot and it should be sufficient
Edge Detection in addition to that a Counter is also Interfaced during the process of Initialization. The Sensor and the
2017 International Conference on Electrical, Instrumentation and Communication Engineering (ICEICE2017)

Camera should be stationary during the initialization plan of C. Image Segmentation

the system architecture. Thus the detected image from the Image Segmentation can be a Next type of module present
camera can be undergone for the further image processing at the Image Processing Steps. The Image Segmentation can
techniques as shown in Fig. 2. be a Major part of the Image Processing technique which can
be used to identify and analyze the image at a glance [4]. The
process involved in the Image segmentation can be show in
the block diagram as shown in figure. 4,

Acquired RGB
Input
Image Image to
RGB
from Grey scale
Image
Camera Image
C i

Final Binary Image Thresholding

for Segmentation Technique

Fig. 4 Flow chart of Image Segmentation Process

The Image Segmentation process will provides the each

and every part of the Image. The visual characteristics are
obtained by the considering the number of pixels present in
Fig. 2 System Initialization that captured image. Thus the Obtained image after
segmentation process will be a better quality output result.
The obtained set of Pixel can collectively provide the entire
B. Image Acquisition
image. Thus the Empty parking area in a parking slot can be
Once the System Initialization module gets completed it recognized by the outline, Edge, Boundary, Object, etc.,.[8]
can be allowed to the next processing module called as the The process involved Image Segmentation is Clustering will
image acquisition module in the Image Processing Techniques. partition the Image into number of clusters. The Clustering
In the Image Acquisition module the Images can been process can be preferred on the source of assortment of
captured from the parking area through the Camera. The Manually or through Random Selection process as Shown in
acquired images for the processing can be captured with High Figure. 5.
definition cameras present at the parking area[11-13]. The
Images can be captured by the Camera by top view and side
view of the Parking slot inorder to sense the Incoming input
image consider the image as shown in Figure. 3.

Fig. 5 Binary Image for Segmentation

D. Image Enhancement
The Image Enhancement module the binary Image obtained
Fig. 3 Image Captured from Camera from the Image segmentation module is been considered. In
this Process the Image has be Enhanced to remove the
2017 International Conference on Electrical, Instrumentation and Communication Engineering (ICEICE2017)

unwanted noise obtained during the Binary Image Conversion.

They can be used to Trace the outline of the Detected Image.
The Digital camera will take the Images from various
locations with some noise.[9] The Obtained noise can be
removed with the help of a technique called Morphology. The
Morphology can be a special Technique which is used to
neglect the Imperfection obtained during the Image
Segmentation[1,7]. The Morphological mechanism undergone
the following process named as Dilation, Erosion, Opening
and Closing Process and among those four process the
Opening and Closing Morphological process are the most
commonly used Process for the noise removal. The Opening
process is to remove the tiny objects present in the Segmented
Image and the Closing process is to remove the unwanted and Figure 7. Detected Parking Slot
tiny holes present at the Segmentation process. The main role
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
of the Morphological mechanism is to provide the exact Edge
and shape of the image without any Distortion[6]. In the The parking of a vehicle through the image processing can
proposed mechanism the exact boundary of the image has to be highly efficient and more accurate without any manual
be used to detect the empty parking space is to be traced. The interruption. In the proposed architecture will shows a parking
rest of the process named Dilation and Erosion is used in this area with 8 slots of parking area. Based on the threshold value
stage inorder to increase or decrease the pixel range of the the Empty parking area can be displayed through an Camera
Output Image after enhancement. The Dilation is used to preview display unit. The display can be indicated through the
improve the Pixel range to the outline boundary of an image. LED display. In addition to the LED display an Audio system
The erosion is an another process which will removes the have been Interfaced to the System design. Thus the Vehicle
unwanted pixels on the boundaries[3,18]. In the proposed is sensed by the Sensor the availability of Parking area and
process if the input pixel value of an binary image is equal to appropriate Parking slot can be informed to the driver through
'0' then the output pixel is to be '0'. Thus the obtained image of audio announcement. Thus the proposed architecture will be
Figure. 6 will shows the Enhanced for processing [14,17]. very helpful in park the vehicle in the parking area without
any distortion and which results in the time and parking area
consumption can be reduced.

IV. CONCLUSION
If the proposed architecture is Implemented in the day to
day life the parking of vehicle can be made easier. The
Process of identifying the parking area and the number of
empty parking slots can be determined with the help of an
Image processing technique. The parking slots can be easily
identified and the shape of that particular slot can be
determined which results in occurrence of parking the vehicle
in safe area within short span of time without any delay. The
Proposed design is implemented for a small area of 8 Parking
slots in a particular region. But the proposed idea can be
extended for all around the city by providing additional
information through the GPS module which would be helpful
Figure 6. Image after Noise Reduction
to identify the parking area in a particular zone through GSM
E. Image Detection Module with an Mobile application and the status of that parking area
The Image Detection Module is Implemented only if the that is the availability of the empty parking slot has also to be
Exact Edge and outline Boundaries of an Image is obtained by considered in future through the Mobile Application.
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