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CHE 102 Experiment 3

This experiment involves studying molecular models of hydrocarbons and halo-hydrocarbons. Students will observe molecular models of various organic compounds and answer questions about their structures, names, and bonding. The goals are to visualize 3D structures and compare isomers using ball-and-stick models representing different atoms with colored balls and single/double/triple bonds with rigid or flexible sticks.

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BONOLO RANKO
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30 views5 pages

CHE 102 Experiment 3

This experiment involves studying molecular models of hydrocarbons and halo-hydrocarbons. Students will observe molecular models of various organic compounds and answer questions about their structures, names, and bonding. The goals are to visualize 3D structures and compare isomers using ball-and-stick models representing different atoms with colored balls and single/double/triple bonds with rigid or flexible sticks.

Uploaded by

BONOLO RANKO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 3

Study of hydrocarbons and alkyl halides (halo-hydrocarbons) using molecular models

Aim
The aim of this experiment is to study the molecular models of hydrocarbons and halo-
hydrocarbons.

Introduction
The three dimensional structure of organic molecules can be shown through molecular model
building. Using a molecular model, the number and types of bonds between atoms and the
spatial arrangements of the atoms can be visualised. This allows the comparison of isomers for
a given set of compounds.

The molecular model kit uses “ball-and-stick” models: the plastic balls are used to represent
atoms, and the plastic sticks are used to represent bonds. The balls are colour-coded to
represent different atoms. The colour coding is given in table 4.1 below.

Table 8.1: Colours of the different atoms in the molecular models

Colour Atom Colour Atom Colour Atom

White Hydrogen Blue Nitrogen Green Halogen

Black Carbon Yellow Sulphur

Red Oxygen Purple Phosphorus

The sticks in the set are of different lengths. The longer, white and flexible sticks are used to
make double or triple bonds; the shorter, rigid and grey sticks are used for single bonds.
For example: To build a model of C2H4, ethene, you need:
2 black balls, 4 white balls, 4 short sticks, and 2 flexible sticks
The model looks like this:
Procedure

Work individually.
No consultations with fellow students will be allowed.

In the lab you will find several stations with the molecular models of a variety of organic
compounds. For the molecular model on display in each station answer the questions in the
Report sheet.

Please note:
1. You are allowed to use your text book or any
other
Organic Chemistry book.
2. You can start at any station – avoid overcrowding!
3. Do not temper with the models on display!
4. If you wish, you can build a copy of the model on
display from your own molecular model kit, and
use this to answer the questions.
5. Complete the table for each model in INK!!!
LAST NAME: INITIALS:

I.D.No.: GROUP: DATE:

MARKS: %

Experiment 3: PRE-LAB SHEET


Aim
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Pre-lab questions
Complete the following table:
Cyclopentane Cyclopentene Benzene

Draw the bond line structure.

What is the molecular


formula?

Is it aromatic or aliphatic?

What is general formula for following organic compounds?


Alkanes

Cycloalkanes

Alkenes

Cycloalkenes

Alkynes
LAST NAME: INITIALS:

I.D.No.: GROUP: DATE:

Experiment 3: REPORT SHEET


Submit this report sheet before leaving the lab.

SECTION A

Model 1

Draw the line structure formula.

Write the IUPAC name.

Draw the structural isomer of model 1.

SECTION B

Model 2

Draw the line structure formula.

Write the IUPAC name.

Draw the geometric isomer of model


2.

Write the IUPAC name of the


geometric isomer.
SECTION C

Model 3

Draw the line structure formula.

Write the IUPAC name.

Indicate the hybridization of each


multiple carbon-carbon bond

SECTION D

Model 4

Draw the line structure formula.

Write the IUPAC name.

Indicate the hybridization of each


multiple carbon-carbon bond

SECTION E

Model 5 Model 6

Draw the line


structure formula.

Write the IUPAC


name.

Model 7 Model 8

Draw the line


structure formula.

Write the IUPAC


name.

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