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Lecture Notes Andragogy

Malcolm Knowles proposed six assumptions about adult learning known as andragogy. The assumptions are that adults are self-directed, draw on life experiences, are ready to learn when it applies to their lives, are problem-centered, are internally motivated, and prefer a respectful collaborative environment. Andragogy emphasizes teaching methods tailored to adults' characteristics of being self-directed, experience-based, goal-oriented, problem-centered, and internally motivated learners who thrive in collaborative and respectful environments.

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169 views3 pages

Lecture Notes Andragogy

Malcolm Knowles proposed six assumptions about adult learning known as andragogy. The assumptions are that adults are self-directed, draw on life experiences, are ready to learn when it applies to their lives, are problem-centered, are internally motivated, and prefer a respectful collaborative environment. Andragogy emphasizes teaching methods tailored to adults' characteristics of being self-directed, experience-based, goal-oriented, problem-centered, and internally motivated learners who thrive in collaborative and respectful environments.

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Venus Fernandez
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THE ANDRAGOGY OF LEARNING WITH EMPHASIS ON TM 1

7:00-10:00 AM

Malcolm Knowles' assumptions about adult learning, also known as the


"Andragogy" principles. Malcolm Knowles was a prominent educator and
theorist who focused on the unique characteristics of adult learners. He
proposed a set of assumptions that highlight the differences between adult and
traditional pedagogical approaches. The six assumptions are as follows:
Self-concept: Adults have a self-concept of being self-directed and
autonomous learners. They prefer to take responsibility for their own learning
and want to be actively involved in the learning process.
Experience: Adults bring a wealth of life experiences into the learning
environment. These experiences serve as a valuable resource for learning and
should be tapped into when designing instructional strategies.
Readiness to learn: Adults are more likely to engage in learning when they
perceive it as relevant to their personal and professional goals. They are
motivated to learn when they see a clear connection between the new
information and their existing knowledge or needs.
Orientation to learning: Adult learners are task-oriented and problem-
centered. They want to learn things that have immediate practical applications.
They are more interested in learning things that will help them solve real-world
problems.
Motivation to learn: Adults are internally motivated to learn when they
perceive the learning process as meaningful and useful. They are more
motivated by intrinsic factors, such as personal growth and satisfaction, rather
than external rewards.
Learning climate: Adult learners thrive in an environment that is respectful,
collaborative, and learner-centered. They appreciate being treated as equals
and prefer interactive and participatory learning experiences.
These assumptions underscore the importance of adapting teaching methods
and approaches to better suit the unique characteristics and needs of adult
learners. Knowles' ideas have had a significant impact on adult education and
instructional design, helping educators create more effective and engaging
learning experiences for adults.
Adult learning, also known as andragogy, refers to the process of education
and learning that is specifically designed for adult learners. It considers the
unique characteristics, needs, and motivations of adults, which can differ from
those of younger learners. Unlike traditional pedagogy, which is focused on
child and adolescent education, andragogy centers on the principles that are
most effective for teaching and engaging adults in the learning process.
Here are some key aspects that explain the concept of adult learning:
Self-Directed Learning: Adult learners often take responsibility for their own
learning. They prefer to have control over their learning process and make
decisions about what, when, and how they learn.
Prior Experience: Adults bring a wealth of life experiences, skills, and
knowledge to the learning environment. These experiences serve as a
foundation for new learning and provide context for understanding new
information.
Relevance and Application: Adult learners are motivated by the relevance of
what they are learning. They seek knowledge and skills that have direct
applications to their personal and professional lives. Learning is most effective
when it addresses immediate needs and goals.
Problem-Centered Approach: Adult learners are more likely to engage with
learning when it is centered around solving real-world problems. They are
interested in practical solutions and value learning that helps them overcome
challenges they encounter.
Intrinsic Motivation: Adults are driven by internal motivations, such as
personal growth, curiosity, and a sense of accomplishment. They are less
influenced by external rewards and more by the satisfaction of mastering new
concepts.
Collaboration and Interaction: Adult learners appreciate collaborative
learning environments where they can share experiences, perspectives, and
insights with peers. Interactive discussions and group activities can enhance
their understanding and engagement.
Respect and Empowerment: Treating adult learners with respect and
acknowledging their life experiences fosters a positive learning environment.
When adults feel valued and empowered, they are more likely to actively
participate in the learning process.
Flexible Learning Formats: Adult learners often have busy schedules, jobs, and
family commitments. Providing flexible learning formats, such as online
courses, evening classes, and self-paced modules, accommodates their diverse
needs.
Reflective Learning: Adults benefit from opportunities to reflect on their
learning experiences. They can integrate new knowledge by connecting it to
their existing understanding and by critically examining how it fits into their
lives.
Continuous Learning: Lifelong learning is a hallmark of adult education. As
the world evolves, adults continue to seek opportunities to update their skills,
stay current in their fields, and pursue personal interests.
Understanding and incorporating these principles into instructional design and
teaching methods can result in more effective and engaging learning
experiences for adult learners, helping them achieve their educational and
personal goals.

[email protected]
02September2023

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