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Module 4

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Abhinav Kumar Patidar
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30 views20 pages

Module 4

Uploaded by

Abhinav Kumar Patidar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module - IV. \ Multiplexing, circuit switching and packet uitching Multiplecing 5 = | a ia Bis Frefuency _diviskes? ratipteing ae — Muttiplezing is me set ot technitues TAr alleds TH Simutianeous transmissia of rnuti pe eps accross O Sigg dota tink . Device B ( pevice (pups) (emai), = Devices on TH A dived HEP yansmission streams #0 muttipiaen (Mx) ich” Combines tem Iako-s SATE stim (apy ens) tes Shaving me Capacity 4, me link - Reeehipy end, demultiplexer (emu) Separates me Si back into its Component transmissions (one- to- may rein interced ; q ey i ts Fon FDM > Frequency Gevision Muttiplexing - WDM > weet devision rath “TpM > Time levision ERED: Ne sSixeam adivets | OTDM { Synchronous TDM stotistial -TOM _Fretuent dlevision Muttiplexing (rpm) ° = ae = rsd techniques $F plea when 3 “band i hou TM oh @ a Tan THe uae ied ase Dene b prot ae A sk Avaliable bandiid® ok Communigetion pray aa ai e moultiple users. See The Gyvien Landuidty is clividec! into Sube- channels %s aa widtr and each xczmo wsynchtonays Time-Division Mutiplein eee cui = Each time slot is prea: re wa teed user. = The time slots ase transmitted ‘respective os taherer THE Users have any deta to sencl op not. = Capacity ot channe) fs Wwastect. | = Tom device Con Vandle sources different data rates - = This is cone by assignin wer slots per cycle to slower Fnput- Tis i ckne by seeirigg 4g per ¢y p devices Than te Kester olevices. peice Tatts) | vk | [ ™ Fiemea -—-Fromen._—«_“Frermet | | oye EEE] y | Calalsl [alels) Carsten $ peviee TLS) x No. ck i/p device = 3- om no. && slots pee Ree =3. tistical -divisi lech dselietical Time division Muiplexiyy Lerow) s = | ~ Dfaback of; apenas TDM is many of Te time Slot, in te ame are cas’ _ The porticulort user has etticient alternative to eynchroneus 1 tpn is statistical Ton/ Asynchronous TDS — WH allocetes te dime slots on demand +o Separate t]p clewet, || 050 saving ig channel Sa — Tt T/o tines vith S buyer associated to each oh em — Dusing HE Ye me reutiplexer ae te Up buyers, Cotteching |data until 1 fone as {utes and send THE ene : _ ne ne vest ond, me Semuttiplerer received ne Frame , nd cletrinutes He dst 4o NE appropriate Lutjex. >The precess +, moving me deta: 4 pockets oti by gent be al sity Technique 3 = Circute— Message Booxet— OF altering, “8 Saas ots. TT 21g ve get mone te Te Se a as §uitchi = Seite Bend cola ow saat eats a Suitehin st \ q oT aviv Connection less Connection= -triented. Tay — No. hovelshoking or en seated cipeut method falc hat =T reall cincuit’ suitched Networks 2 = = o 1 Consists 42 set cheats Connected by physical Links, — Connecton ~“betteen stations is a dedicated ‘patty made & ‘one or more Links. — Each Vink 6 Nepmatty divided into n chonnels »y using | Fpm and Tom. q — A CivcUlt suitched Networm is Ma Gommected by physical Ving ; inv divided into 'n' channels - de of sem ob switches nich” een eoch Unk is ‘oneling, a . ‘ey channels = drat saitching panes ploce ot He Physical toyer - Communication, THe station, must makes CU Te various 40 be used during me e verious, guch as Chorinels mandoid 5 switch dues » Ports , . Eom € hme clot 1) TDM entire duration oh dota se nemoin dedicated dung mus transter . | — The data fons sn a Continuous “Woy + = There ® no aati ie da vig cite rans . The guitchres poutes bosed on tan occu ied ‘Lan (FD) o° yime Slot (TDM). There is end-to-end. sang used dune set-up phase « — Belere stanti reservation Communication + Thes| Thiee_ghases * = D getup phase ~A dedicated citeuit is esteblished 7 Communication, — tach switch finds tHe dedicated channel fe ioe velue. to be sent- yom sender to veceiver . — a Cachan iersatey is Sent ley” me receive? « » Date. fans e_ phase ! - — Tuo Panes teansfex chto . 9) Teandeun phose t - = then one of HE portles needs yordisconned, a “en 1S Sent $0 Bodh Suitch 40 Telense,” tHe yesources PJ fe sd phase Dete- tran: Pome Time Time a Connection iS alive Nove to TE Allocation ek ‘sources du Tye entire. duretion © Comection., THE ttieieney “OH diruit Swi netwers is Lower WAN Me other Wo res x Switching . Efcienat += Jn’ circuit” suitching , me’ resource remain dedicated as 4 Tipit pplication *— ay The ciscult— couch is used in the telephone netiorks . Pej von! = The-major od vents ot Circuit aaitching 45 TON UR dedicated transmission chamel, whe corey ectoblr provites a rr dara rate — fn drewt Sate becouse 6h, Aedicated parry Mere is no delay in dota Hou = ad Awan, Teaches the ater end in orden e pisadvan' esta! = The disedvantesss of ict swithisg, mer gic He concn 48 dedicated N it VY Cannot ok Us Jo transmit at omer daa even % we Channel is pe = dediated channels etuives more loarckorde + — Te tones Lon yime to establish connection «| = Te is Inebficielt™ intesms & utitizction ok System esoutee - - wt is ime mose expensive tO" ong? Swit Y tednnitue - ( cisagr 1S Jecicion Ca poe be changed once ME - Rout decision n astallibhes + Teal Time *axen in Cipai au Tooter = Set-¥P- Hime “+ Trpnenission Tine + Prpagstion dey + Tear. down HME - i where Transmiselon tine (y= (re he | Peppa ey OD = Rr (RE Rat Hessoae a ee sh a — There is no Aedicated Fonz between we communicating device, — Bach naeene is tweated as an independent unit anol, | inchades its OWA destination and Warour¢ £0073 Ly UTS Ingo NC wq~ oT. Ins QUT4 ING - OUTS Time-clivision «switchil Be - Tae division gw } Comes umcler disitor sisitchi fedmidue, | Wheree@s ME pulse Xocle mochtlatigal si eae host Baer 2 input and ne oulpu- pa. % aun — The wpa eho) prem bh) oany Gan, be Connected fo me. oh oy - ey rto enh calls - The meng ry Gis. SI ysie ashen yeceived fe tiansmived in oe ee fime stot, ig called Be THME Aivision guitehi — Bone vier an date, can be tansmitecl Us dy § 3 — Tme anision muttiptexi is Shani 4 cross nee a = Time division Switches use Hme division moire Jn en — The two popular mettods of TDM are - ~ TS! (Time and stot inter wey. — Tp™ bus. ~Time- division rattiploy sata is same coder YR TN Tee Time and Slat— TDM Bus Interchagae 3 Time And Sit Intenchange $= = Data is mot sent mr ame seer. For tape oxtpu - reaper cider Of, Te Sots based one desiedd. connect = In Ram memosy Location input and output location andl Conte CE UMA OFR oBtor AaB — Place an TH S}qna\ $0 Gmmon tronemiscion par + ata sete a THe bus i Ten indlividuas -4]0 lines. q Control writ 133 1 2—>4 [Le 3 —>1 4— 2 seuential Contven “Terminal ae Termina) L exchoy Time. division csuichion SDM Adventoges > Trstantoneous - Olisadv” —> Number of Gosspomt Iuived . era ake! er NO Cross se coat = esi ae: X25 anol Frome Relay 2 - le . + < - aed is a Standeréd Used by many oder public nekuorks i - This en rat ed in 19905 by ecity dor providing an. Intex face betiween public racket &uitched neti Theix~ Customers . Pe Herth = Tht Poker Sariteh wetvoong used X-R5 Prolocel - — Te NEM Yoyer protocol perpen ue sien ee Gn detiven Condiy mation, ete. Shieh 3 y — TE anous me user to establish virtuod Graiits and’ send Fa on Bem+ These packets Ae delivered to ME destination and jn order. , — X-2F is A Connection oviented sewice. It suppor duitched Vivtuad Gyait as wel as te Ppownonent Graitr. — poke switching ic a technique uhereby bye Netwosk, individual packets of WDLe dota between sifjenent- destination based on sing) waitin each ROK —aA suitched Virtual Cipcuit 1s eStabtiched between, a Com And network when the Computer Sends a pocket Ad TEI seduces +0 raph ic . can i HE omer al haa a Thee loyers of X+RS- : i — We X-ab_ wnterkece is dened at theee levels 4 ~ ~The tree levele wes - Poysiced loyer Creed 4). = Dajatink layer (Level, ) St ~ Packer loy-er ( evel 3). ct ~ These myree loyers: corrospond. 10, ME Tree. leuer, most loyers of UR -S8R 1S0-OS1 Feperence model. The physi layeo poKes Care A he intentoce ‘between @ computer, ten and Te mK wdich attaches Jt te me Pore snitch Node - ! user's machi NE (DTE) and me Pocket atditchiga node fo which mis yee de i exc 4 The bres tre interface For xchonge ok packers betuaeen a t e DTE is attched which is caued as DeE — pata- terminal eduipment- (eTe) - pata- Circwl teyminatin ; 2 eMu{pment- (vce | whe Tyee lyers h X-RT inter tae }~- - a ne Pypal level x-a1 physica herp is being used which deka Per casera vauhehed data ‘hetwork: 58 AR BR” clata- Link level, Xe ag speadbes THE Une access procedures Cunp-wy protect which is a subset Of HDLC protocel — AY HE erwork, level (a8 lever), ¥e 25" de Fires © protoco) i an access te packet data Sub metvaotk: This peotece! dein zs Tre. eee Content and procedure s exshegtt ob @ntrol and dake. tkans Ren i Tre packer vers peo es an external virtues circnite Service + a characteristics of WRT Th addition 4 tye chavacteristics ¢h SE poe guitched network, yeas has We Ypuowre Chavectes istes ¢~ Ly rmtiple Uggicat channels con be se on o Single physical Wne. - Terminals a clifferent communication speeds cam Communicates . | The psocedure ior eoomementen transmission Contyols Can be. | Changeal « Virtuol Circuit Seovice t= — WITT THE K-25 poor joyer, dato. extenno) ‘Vittua) Circuits. The vit qe swe aypes o% virtual Clradts. ~The virtua) crew service eh HAS provicles a quae types vet | Cicenits te, Viewed ca" ancl peuNanent™ virtual Civa ar — A virtual can is & dynamicany Lstabliched Virtual Circuit using a Cail setup and CoN caret procedure « a — A Revimanent- yintuad cuits a fxd, netwerk acsigned virtual circuit “Derde Mansker FAKES PIAS AS WIT Virtual Colts, bur He Cal setUp cp rie 4 j _ i { axe transmitted in packets overt al Civewlt Sewice ef X-25 prevaes | Xa me- Relay - 7S = X+25 arantees, ada intggeity and network mon Cont at me Tost y Some ne two ic aamyss t di tee | ~— Frame yelay euitches packets end to end mach }esten, bute there is no pasantee of, cate ‘preny, ar ons Frame- Relay ¢ = in aa — Frame. relay is a Virtual Cort wide-area netuson, wet Teac des my ses poree 40 NeW Aype of WAN. — Her tragmented into Lansmission units caned fyomes sent 40% high Speed bursts figough a digital ‘TRIK — Establishes an exclusive men twonsmission Fe Covad virtua) Connection « 3 Features. Z » Frame- Reley opesates of a Wisher speed IG 54d tps ond tec 44-376 Mops). This weons ae W can eosily be Used hnsi & & mesh eh Ti On TZ Lines 2 %) Frame - Raloy operates iw Gust- TE Physical and dotabine tay: This means ir Can eosity be used as a backbone nekwaorK_ Provide services. to photocle Net already have a “nehoon Protec, auch as The mitonet. Wh) Fyome- Reboy atious bursty dota + { 1) Feame-Reloy vous O yore site oh 9000 bytes , which Sa Actomedase an Loca) eaves, NEU Prame Sites. — » Frome: Reloy ie Jess eRfenstie FON otlg¥ Traditional 1 WANS. 7 NA) Frame. Relay has ensos detection at He data link heya There is ne ye Conrso) And ersor Control © frame ASO) Biome Joowet t= [Fag | raciess Contvet | tmdormetio] res | Flag ] 7 [peer [eye] =A [pics] Fev] peer | De | EA | DLCI = Dato link Connection Identijer - C]R — Command | Resporse . EA — Extended oddress - | FECN— Fortaord explicit? Ory estion, Notifcotion - BECN— Backword explicit copgestion Nebifj cation - | DE — Discard Eligivit | | HY Advantage ok Frame- Relay t= = Streamlined Communication process - | = The number oh fpretion ef protect ot | | veduced. > 4 | — ues deley, (= And “se tiroyshpor — Frame Yasy can be used ak access speeds upto 2 Mrs . | = Frame- seloy te cost etfective, Partly due te Te Jeet ter He Meteor buyjeuiny yeduivemerts ave Gorey optinited . ¥ = Competed to %+R57 wit Stove and jyreed mechanism and ee pros Grvection, network ‘bulfering is minimal — Frame relay is also much Fosterd Ten K-25) He Yor owe, guitched tyelr destination wilt Oxy a fe byte Ymes detey, as apposed yo seveso\ hundgedmitliseconds detay on X25. Disadvantages ¢= = Fyaed ave delivered uneetiobly « = Packets Moy not be Aevivered WW TE Same setuence os Tor oT” sendirg encl. a Tees Yoving ewwors We simp" Aiscoudled i | = Foame- Rerdy does met provides How Contyol - | tre user metusork interfere is — Tr hes wt poovide HE Seton ee & ne veceived Packs X. 25 Vs Fiame- Relay Features, Yana ae } Connection establish- - Caen At te hetworm lyer he poo Nee ea partes At TE cletalime layer» « dontye) and ertor ah 1 yer 2] Geahol - £ trot sem ii) Frd-to-end Yoo Contyo! and error Contre) Ar the Netwong layer iy) Data-vate Fixed ») rmuntplesg At We nehoork \eyen ¥) “epee Cone) wor nectssonge E96. 20f-foce tress FMS 90) ayers (he ated *biveag Yee 239b “alam sons seroRe TAD. Saf SENT Mou. Bal gr ee

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