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Module V

Traffic Law Enforcement

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Training Objectives
❑ Recognize the most commonly violated traffic laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations;
❑ Differentiate the following:
a. Invalid Driver’s License;
b. Suspended Driver’s License; and
c. Revoked Driver’s License;
❑ Identify the three (3) Police Traffic Enforcement Actions;
❑ Recognize the three (3) methods used in approaching the
violator’s vehicle; and
❑ Enumerate the cases of special and usual traffic situations.

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COMMON TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS
❑ Violations committed under Republic Act No. 4136. A
Temporary Operator’s Permit (TOP) is used in the
enforcement of traffic management measures under
DOTC MC No. 93-693 and other special laws by the
Land Transportation Office (LTO) Traffic Law Enforcers
(Flying Squad) and other deputized officers. It is
considered as a temporary driver’s license within the
jurisdiction of the issuing agency in the Philippines for a
period of 72 hours upon its issuance.

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COMMON TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS
❑ Violations committed under the jurisdiction of Metro
Manila Development Authority (MMDA). A Traffic
Violations Receipt (TVR) is used in the enforcement of
traffic management measures under MMDA Traffic
Ordinances and other special laws by the MMDA, Traffic
Operation Center (TOC) Traffic Law Enforcers and other
deputized officers. It is considered as a temporary driver’s
license within the jurisdiction of the issuing agency
(Metropolitan Manila) for a period of 72 hours upon its
issuance. (Republic Act No. 7924)

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COMMON TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS
❑ Violations committed under the jurisdiction of the Local
Government Unit (LGU). An Ordinance Violations Receipt
(OVR) is used in the enforcement of traffic management
measures under City and/or Municipal Traffic Ordinances and
other special laws by the Local Government Units Traffic Law
Enforcers and other deputized officers under the Department
of Public Safety and Traffic Management and/or
City/Municipal Traffic and Parking Bureau in case of the other
cities and municipalities. It is considered as a temporary
driver’s license within the jurisdiction of the issuing Local
Government Unit for the period of five (5) days upon its
issuance. (Republic Act No. 7160)

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Matrix 1. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136

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Matrix 1. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136

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Matrix 1. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136

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Matrix 2. LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR 89-105

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Matrix 2. LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR 89-105

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Matrix 2. LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR 89-105

Trafficking phase of Field Training Program Phase III


Matrix 2. LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR 89-105

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Matrix 2. LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR 89-105

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TRAFFIC CITATION
❑ Traffic Citation is having violator appear in court without physical
arrest. The issuance of citation is the most common enforcement
action by the police. This is an efficient system since majority of
violations with minor offenses are punished promptly by paying
their fine at an administrative body with court appearance or any
traffic enforcement action contemplates trial adjudication or
disposition to determine the guilt or innocence of a person charged
for a violation when the individual record of which is kept by the
police or some other official agency for future reference. The traffic
citation is a ticket issued to an erring driver apprehended for a
certain violation in exchange of his confiscated driver’s license for
the period provided for in the face of the ticket.

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Driver’s License
❑ Invalid Driver’s License – means that the driver holding the
license is inappropriate to operate a vehicle.

❑ Example: A driver holding a driver license with


Restriction #s 1 and 2 while driving an automatic clutch
above 4500kgs, which is under Restriction #5, is not
authorized.

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Driver’s License
❑ Suspended Driver’s License – means that the license is
temporarily out of service for a period of time due to traffic
violation(s) or infraction(s).
❑ Example: A driver who was involved in a traffic accident
and fled the accident scene (hit and run) can cause the
suspension of his driver’s license.

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Driver’s License
❑ Revoked Driver’s License – means that the license has fully
cancelled and it can not be reinstated.
❑ Example: With the above cited-examples and other
similar causes like the driver was caught driving under
the influence of prohibited drugs, intoxication, etc. will be
the cause for the revocation of driver’s license.

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METHODS USED IN APPROACHING THE
VIOLATOR’S VEHICLE
❑ Normally for vehicles with passengers in rear seats, pause at
the rear window. Then proceed to the front edge of the
driver’s door, facing the rear of the vehicle. This position will
let you watch the driver, any person in the rear seat and
oncoming traffic.
❑ For possible dangerous drivers especially without rear seat
passengers, stop just by the rear of the driver’s window,
facing the vehicle. Stay back at the rear edge of the driver’s
door. This will keep the driver at a disadvantage and give
you advantage if danger should arise.

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METHODS USED IN APPROACHING THE
VIOLATOR’S VEHICLE
❑ On heavily traveled streets wherein approaching from the left
side would be hazardous to you and other traffic, and under
some conditions that make a left-side approach inadvisable,
approach from the right. Pause at the rear of the right window.
Then place yourself at the front edge of the right door, facing the
rear of the vehicle. This will tend to surprise the driver because
most drivers expect you to approach from the left side.
❑ When with another Traffic Police Officer, your approach to the
violator’s car is the same except that your partner will assume a
position where one can be of assistance if the need arises. The
other officer may do either of the two things:

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METHODS USED IN APPROACHING THE
VIOLATOR’S VEHICLE
a. Remain seated within the patrol vehicle on the passenger
side; and
b. Leave the patrol vehicle and stand just to the right of the
passenger side with the front door open.

❑ Both positions permit your partner to observe the actions of


the violator while in a protected position. This person will be
able to undertake pursuit immediately in the event the
violator tries to flee and establish immediate radio contact if
an emergency arises.

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METHODS USED IN APPROACHING THE
VIOLATOR’S VEHICLE
❑ Approaching known or suspected felons requires special
techniques. In such situation you should remain in a protected
position behind your car and order the suspects to leave their
vehicle. Whenever you have reasons to believe the violator may be
wanted for a criminal offense, notify headquarters and request
assistance. Never attempt to approach such person alone.
❑ Never lean against the violator’s car. Be especially alert for unusual
movements. Look at the floor and rear seat for anything that may be
hidden. Notice the violator and passenger. Stand at an angle so that
you can look behind the vehicle and inside it at the same time. Use
left hand for accepting papers from the motorist. (unless you are
left-handed)

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METHODS USED IN APPROACHING THE
VIOLATOR’S VEHICLE
❑ Regardless of how innocent the situation may appear, never
go in front of the vehicle to write the citation or to look at the
registration plate. There is always the possibility of being
run over by the motorist, either deliberately or through
nervousness.
❑ If it is necessary to examine the front of the vehicle, go
around the rear of the vehicle and proceed to the front along
the right side of the violator’s vehicle. Stand at the right and
slightly ahead of the vehicle while making the examination.

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METHODS USED IN APPROACHING THE
VIOLATOR’S VEHICLE
❑ When examining the vehicle from the rear, writing a citation
or talking to the driver when the person is out, never allow
the driver or anyone else, including yourself, to stand
between two (2) stopped vehicles. In all cases you and
anyone else should stand off to the side away from the
vehicles.
❑ To the violator and passing motorist, you are the police and
your actions contribute importantly to how they feel towards
you, your organization, and police in general. Stand erect
and be alert.

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SPECIAL AND USUAL TRAFFIC SITUATIONS

What to do in case of abandoned motor vehicles?


❑ A motor vehicle is said to be abandoned when it is left
unattended in an area not provided for parking.
Unattended vehicle becomes a problem to traffic flow in
some instances, it causes more serious problem than
what is actually thought of, particularly when they are
abandoned by carnappers or robbers.

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SPECIAL AND USUAL TRAFFIC SITUATIONS

Abandoned vehicles may be classified into two (2)


categories:
1. Unattended due to Mechanical Defects Verify and
check on the ownership of the vehicle and if possible advise the
owner to relocate the vehicle to a much safer place.
2. Abandoned by carnappers or robbers
Get the plate number and other data of the vehicle. Make
a report on the presence of the abandoned vehicle to the
nearest Highway Patrol Group (HGP).

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SPECIAL AND USUAL TRAFFIC SITUATIONS
or traffic police unit and make possible steps to inform the
owner about his vehicle. Bring the vehicle to the HPG or traffic
police impounding area and conduct Technical Inspection
Report in the presence of alleged owner. Advise the owner to
present all pertinent papers of the vehicle for identification of
ownership. If the vehicle is found to have violated any provision
of R.A. No. 6539, note its violation and submit it for
investigation together with the Technical Inspection Report.
Finally, submit a duly accomplished Spot Report.

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SPECIAL AND USUAL TRAFFIC SITUATIONS

What to do on stalled or bogged down motor vehicles?


❑ In most instances, traffic accidents or jams are caused by stalled
or bogged down vehicles that are left carelessly unattended in
the highways. In these cases therefore, it is important that you
should know the basic course of actions in order to avoid
unnecessary risk of human lives and property and further allow
the continuous free flow of traffic.
❑ When you notice stalled or bogged down vehicles having
mechanical defects and blocking the road, take these
precautionary steps:
1. Check the defect or condition of the vehicle;

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SPECIAL AND USUAL TRAFFIC SITUATIONS

2. Ensure the safety of vehicles and persons involved by


conducting traffic system in the vicinity;
3. If practicable, move the vehicle to the road shoulder. You
may need assistance of other motorist to do this, otherwise
avail of tow trucks to move it; and
4. Advise the owner of the vehicle to avail of the services of a
mechanic. Provide an early warning device end or any
lantern to deter accident occurrences of the mechanic and
other motorists.

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SPECIAL AND USUAL TRAFFIC SITUATIONS

What to do in cases of hit-and-run vehicular traffic


accidents?
1. When vehicle involved is identified, the following steps
should be taken:
a. Require complainant to file a complaint to HPG or the
nearest police headquarters.
b. Get a sworn statement or request the complainant to
execute an affidavit stating the following facts:
1) Place where the accident occurred;

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SPECIAL AND USUAL TRAFFIC SITUATIONS

2) Time and date of the accident;


3) Vehicles involved with complete description and
corresponding plate numbers; and
4) How the accident occurred.
c. Prepare a letter invitation to persons involved in the
complaint for confrontation and investigation with
your office.
d. Upon completion of investigation, prepare a referral of
case for filling with the fiscal’s office or with the
court having jurisdiction over the case.

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SPECIAL AND USUAL TRAFFIC SITUATIONS
2. When vehicle involved is not identified by the complainant and the
information given is incomplete, the following steps should be
taken:
a. Verify at LTO Central Office the plate number of the vehicle
involved in an accident as reported by the complainant;
b. If there are two or more plate numbers that is similar with the
plate number of the vehicle involved in the complaint, get all the
description of the vehicle to include the name and address of the
owner and prepare a letter of invitation requiring the owner of
the vehicle in question to appear at your office, together with the
driver for identification and confrontation by the complainant;
and

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SPECIAL AND USUAL TRAFFIC SITUATIONS

c. If the plate number of the vehicle involved in a hit-and-run


accident was not given by the complainant but has
description only of the vehicle, gather and collect information
from witnesses at the accident scene to serve as basis or lead
in further investigation of the case.

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Guide to complainants of a Hit-and-Run Vehicular
Traffic Accident:
1. File complainant with the proper police agency.
2. Give complete information on how the accident occurred.
3. State time, date and place where the accident occurred.
4. Describe the vehicle involved and state the plate number
of the hit-and run vehicle.
5. Give names and addresses of witnesses to the accident.
6. State complete name and address of complainant.
7. Take note of other pertinent information relative to the
hit-and-run incident.

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HOW TO HANDLE TRAFFIC JAMS
❑ Traffic Jam is caused by factors such as vehicular accident,
stalled vehicle due to engine trouble, absence of Traffic Police
Officer at the intersection, or road construction. The following
are the steps to be taken by the Traffic Police Officer in case of
traffic jam:

1. Determine the cause of the traffic jam;


2. Where the traffic jam is caused by vehicular accident,
conduct a fast and immediate but complete investigation
and remove vehicles involved at the scene of accident;

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HOW TO HANDLE TRAFFIC JAMS
3. If traffic jam is caused by mechanical trouble, assist motorist
to move the vehicle to a place where it will not obstruct the
flow of traffic;
4. Back at your assigned traffic post, establish yourself and
conduct a systematic flow of traffic;
5. Observe if the flow of traffic is smooth, if not, refer back to
“No.1” above; and
6. Implement proper traffic regulation to avoid further traffic
jam.

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HOW TO HANDLE TRAFFIC JAMS
How to care for the injured in case of a vehicular traffic accident:
a. Apply first aid to the injured; and
b. Evacuate seriously injured.

How to prevent the accident from getting worse:


a. Look for any possible source of fire;
1) Switch-off ignition of vehicle
2) Know how to extinguish in case of fire
b. Re-route and control the traffic;
c. Cordon of the scene of accident and control the crowd; and
d. Watch out for any looters.

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HOW TO HANDLE TRAFFIC JAMS
How to record the facts:
a. Make a sketch of the scene of the accident with its relative
position and distance;
b. Photograph the scene of the accident;
c. Interview drivers and witnesses who are directly involved
or any bystander present at the time of the accident and
record all these; and
d. Record your observations on the driver, road condition,
vehicle condition, and skid marks.

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HOW TO HANDLE TRAFFIC JAMS
In figuring out what happened:
a. Make a formal investigation by getting statements of
drivers and witnesses;
b. Follow-up the Medico-Legal Certificates of injured
persons for eventual filing of the case; and
c. Prepare all pertinent documents and record of the case for
subsequent filing in court.

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IN CASE OF VEHICLE CANIBALIZATION:
1. Determine the vehicle parts that were stolen;
2. Take note of the owner of the vehicle, the description of the
vehicle, and the location, and where the incident took place;
3. Look for immediate possible clues that might lead to the
identification of the perpetrators of their modus operandi;
4. Interview the witnesses and owner to get a general picture of
the situation prior to the incident;
5. Prepare a Spot Report and submit it to the nearest HPG or
traffic police unit; and
6. If further investigation is necessary, the vehicle may be
impounded for safekeeping.

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Steps to be taken when carnapping occurs
1. Get complete information of the vehicle, location of incident and
other circumstances of the carnapping; and
2. Report this immediately to the nearest TMG or traffic police
unit.

Completing the information regarding a carnapped vehicle is very


important and necessary in order to initiate a search and follow-up
the progress of the search for the vehicle. The following
information is necessary for immediate recovery of stolen vehicles:
a. Location where the vehicle was carnapped;
b. Time and date when the vehicle was last seen;

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Steps to be taken when carnapping occurs

c. Description of person last seen driving the vehicle,


d. Color;
e. Year and make;
f. Body style (i.e. sedan, wagon, etc.);
g. Plate number, motor and body numbers; and
h. Direction where vehicle was last heading.

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IN CASE OF ROBBERY HOLD-UP
1. Get the exact time, date and place of the incident;
2. Get the plate number, color, make and other information of
the get-away car used and description of the occupants
(hold-umpteen);
3. For record purposes, interview the victims and list down the
items stolen or supposedly robbed from them;
4. Flash a report to the nearest HPG and traffic police unit via a
two-way radio or telephone; and
5. Gather more facts and evidence to include statements of
witnesses for further reference.

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KINDS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS

1. Traffic Arrest – is an enforcement action which consists of


taking a person into custody for the purpose of holding or
detaining him to answer a charge of law violation before a
court. Arrest is made when:

a. The offense committed is serious;


b. There is a necessity to avoid continued violation; and
c. There is a reasonable doubt that the violator will not
appear in court.

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KINDS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS

2. Traffic Citation - is made of having violator appear in court


without physical arrest. The issuance of citation is the most
common enforcement action by the police. This is an efficient
system since majority of violations with minor offenses are
punish promptly by paying their fine at an administrative body
with court appearance or any traffic enforcement action
contemplates trial adjudication or disposition to determine the
guilt or innocence of a person charged for a violation when the
individual record of which is kept by the police or some other
official agency for future reference.

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KINDS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS

3. Traffic Warning – is an enforcement action which does not


contemplate possible assessment of penalty by the court or
otherwise as a result of warning alone.
a. Visual Warning – is usually used when you have observed a
minor violation but are importantly occupied at a moment.
You indicate by gesture of the hand, and of the head, or a
toot of the horn that you are aware of the violation. Such
action reminds the violators that violation has been
committed the violation has been committed and that the
police are observant.

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KINDS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
b. Verbal Warning – is a form of safety education. You tell the
violator that a Law has been violated and explain the hazards of
such action. They are frequently used when there is a new
enforcement program going into effect and the preliminary phase
calls for a period of public education.
c. Written Warning – is a combination of verbal warning and
citation. They gave the spirit of verbal warning and the form of
citation because it is written and resembles a citation. The
written warning has more noticeable deterrent effect than verbal
warning. There is no immediate penalty attached and it allows
the violator an opportunity to profit by the error putting an
emphasis on education rather than on discipline.
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THANK YOU!

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